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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Marriage and Family Life
Ireland
- English1 1° The State recognises the Family as the natural primary and fundamental unit group of Society, and as a moral institution possessing inalienable and imprescriptible rights, antecedent and superior to all positive law.
2° The State, therefore, guarantees to protect the Family in its constitution and authority, as the necessary basis of social order and as indispensable to the welfare of the Nation and the State.
2 1° In particular, the State recognises that by her life within the home, woman gives to the State a support without which the common good cannot be achieved.
2° The State shall, therefore, endeavour to ensure that mothers shall not be obliged by economic necessity to engage in labour to the neglect of their duties in the home.
3 1° The State pledges itself to guard with special care the institution of Marriage, on which the Family is founded, and to protect it against attack.
2° A Court designated by law may grant a dissolution of marriage where, but only where, it is satisfied that –
i there is no reasonable prospect of a reconciliation between the spouses,
ii such provision as the Court considers proper having regard to the circumstances exists or will be made for the spouses, any children of either or both of them and any other person prescribed by law, and
iii any further conditions prescribed by law are complied with.
3° Provision may be made by law for the recognition under the law of the State of a dissolution of marriage granted under the civil law of another state.
4 Marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex. (Art. 41) - Irish Gaelic1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát gurb é an Teaghlach is buíon-aonad príomha bunaidh don chomhdhaonnacht de réir nádúir, agus gur foras morálta é ag a bhfuil cearta doshannta dochloíte is ársa agus is airde ná aon reacht daonna.
2° Ós é an Teaghlach is fotha riachtanach don ord chomhdhaonnach agus ós éigeantach é do leas an Náisiúin agus an Stáit, ráthaíonn an Stát comhshuíomh agus údarás an Teaghlaigh a chaomhnú.
2 1° Go sonrach, admhaíonn an Stát go dtugann an bhean don Stát, trína saol sa teaghlach, cúnamh nach bhféadfaí leas an phobail a ghnóthú dá éagmais.
2° Uime sin, féachfaidh an Stát lena chur in áirithe nach mbeidh ar mháithreacha clainne, de dheasca uireasa, dul le saothar agus faillí a thabhairt dá chionn sin ina ndualgais sa teaghlach.
3 1° Ós ar an bPósadh atá an Teaghlach bunaithe gabhann an Stát air féin coimirce faoi leith a dhéanamh ar ord an phósta agus é a chosaint ar ionsaí.
2° Féadfaidh Cúirt a bheidh ainmnithe le dlí scaoileadh ar phósadh a thabhairt sa chás, ach sa chás amháin, gur deimhin léi –
i nach bhfuil ionchas réasúnach ar bith ann go mbeidh comhréiteach idir na céilí,
ii go bhfuil cibé socrú ann, nó go ndéanfar cibé socrú, is dóigh leis an gCúirt a bheith cuí ag féachaint do na himthosca, le haghaidh na gcéilí, le haghaidh aon leanaí le ceachtar acu nó leis an mbeirt acu agus le haghaidh aon duine eile a bheidh forordaithe le dlí, agus
iii go gcomhlíontar aon choinníollacha breise a bheidh forordaithe le dlí.
3° Féadfar socrú a dhéanamh le dlí chun aitheantas a thabhairt faoi dhlí an Stáit do scaoileadh ar phósadh arna thabhairt faoi dhlí sibhialta stáit eile.
4 Féadfaidh beirt, gan beann ar a ngnéas, conradh pósta a dhéanamh de réir dlí. (Airteagal 41)
Marriage and Family Life
Nigeria
- English(1) The Sharia Court of Appeal of a State shall, in addition to such other jurisdiction as may be conferred upon it by the law of the State, exercise such appellate and supervisory jurisdiction in civil proceedings involving questions of Islamic personal Law which the court is competent to decide in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) of this section.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) of this section, the sharia Court of Appeal shall be competent to decide –
(a) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a marriage concluded in accordance with that Law, including a question relating to the validity or dissolution of such a marriage or a question that depends on such a marriage and relating to family relationship or the guardianship of an infant;
(b) where all the parties to the proceedings are muslims, any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a marriage, including the validity or dissolution of that marriage, or regarding family relationship, a founding or the guarding of an infant;
(c) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding a wakf, gift, will or succession where the endower, donor, testator or deceased person is a muslim;
(d) any question of Islamic personal Law regarding an infant, prodigal or person of unsound mind who is a muslim or the maintenance or the guardianship of a muslim who is physically or mentally infirm; or
(e) where all the parties to the proceedings, being muslims, have requested the court that hears the case in the first instance to determine that case in accordance with Islamic personal law, any other question. (Sec. 277)
Marriage and Family Life
El Salvador
- English…
The parents will have the preferential right to choose the education of their children. (Art. 55) - Spanish…
Los padres tendrán derecho preferente a escoger la educación de sus hijos. (Art. 55)
Marriage and Family Life
Iran, Islamic Republic of
- EnglishThe government must ensure the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria, and accomplish the following goals:
…
2. the protection of mothers, particularly during pregnancy and childbearing, and the protection of children without guardians;
3. establishing competent courts to protect and preserve the foundation and survival of the family;
4. the provision of special insurance for widows, and aged women and women without support;
5. the awarding of guardianship of children to worthy mothers, in order to protect the interests of the children, in the absence of a legal guardian. (Art. 21) - Persianدولت موظف است حقوق زن را در تمام جهات با رعایت موازین اسلامی تضمین نماید و امور زیر را انجام دهد:
…
2- حمایت مادران، بهخصوص در دوران بارداری و حضانت فرزند، و حمایت از کودکان بیسرپرست.
3- ایجاد دادگاه صالح برای حفظ کیان و بقای خانواده.
4- ایجاد بیمه خاص بیوگان و زنان سالخورده و بیسرپرست.
5- اعطای قیمومت فرزندان به مادران شایسته در جهت غبطه آنها در صورت نبودن ولی شرعی. (اصل 21)
Marriage and Family Life
Nicaragua
- English
Every person has the right:
1) To their [su] private life and to that of their [su] family.
... (Art. 26) - Spanish
Toda persona tiene derecho:
1) A su vida privada y a la de su familia.
... (Art. 26)
Marriage and Family Life
Moldova, Republic of
- English
…
(9) The parents have prior right to choose the appropriate field of education for their children. (Art. 35) - Moldovian
…
(9) Dreptul prioritar de a alege sfera de instruire a copiilor revine părinţilor. (Art. 35)
Marriage and Family Life
Seychelles
- EnglishThe State recognises the unique status and natural maternal functions of women in society and undertakes as a result to take appropriate measures to ensure that a working mother is afforded special protection with regard to paid leave and her conditions at work during such reasonable period as provided by law before and after childbirth. (Art. 30)
Marriage and Family Life
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- English
Citizens of both women and men enjoy equal rights in the political, economic, cultural and social fields and in family affairs. (Art. 37)
- Lao
ພົນລະເມືອງລາວຍິງຊາຍ ມີສິດເທົ່າທຽມກັນ ໃນດ້ານການເມືອງ, ເສດຖະກິດ, ວັດທະນະທໍາ-ສັງຄົມ ແລະຄອບຄົວ. (ມາດຕາ 37)
Marriage and Family Life
Panama
- EnglishInvestigation of paternity shall be regulated by law. Classifications as to the nature of the relationship are abolished. There shall not be entered any statement establishing differences of birth, or, on the civil status of the parents, in the registration records, or in any attestation, baptismal or christening records, or certificate referring to the relationship.
Authority is hereby granted to the father of a child born before the effective date of this Constitution to protect the child by the provisions of this Article, by means of rectifying any record or attestation in which any classification may have been established with respect to said child. The consent of the mother is not required but if the child is of legal age, he/she must give his/her consent thereto. In acts of acknowledgement of paternity, anyone who is legally affected by said act may oppose this measure.
Procedures shall be established by law. (Art. 61) - SpanishLa Ley regulará la investigación de la paternidad.
Queda abolida toda calificación sobre la naturaleza de la filiación. No se consignará declaración alguna que establezca diferencia en los nacimientos o sobre el estado civil de los padres en las actas de inscripción de aquellos, ni en ningún atestado, partida de bautismo o certificado referente a la filiación.
Se concede facultad al padre del hijo nacido con anterioridad a la vigencia de esta Constitución para ampararlo con lo dispuesto en este artículo, mediante la rectificación de cualquier acta o atestado en los cuales se halle establecida clasificación alguna con respecto a dicho hijo. No se requiere para esto el consentimiento de la madre. Si el hijo es mayor de edad, éste debe otorgar su consentimiento.
En los actos de simulación de paternidad, podrá objetar esta medida quien se encuentre legalmente afectado por el acto.
La Ley señalará el procedimiento. (Art. 61)
Marriage and Family Life
Poland
- English1. Men and women shall have equal rights in family, political, social and economic life in the Republic of Poland.
… (Art. 33) - Polish1. Kobieta i mężczyzna w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej mają równe prawa w życiu rodzinnym, politycznym, społecznym i gospodarczym.
… (Art. 33)