SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe High Court shall, in accordance with section 19 (2), have all such jurisdiction in relation to matrimonial causes and matters as was immediately before the commencement of the Matrimonial Causes Act 1857 vested in or exercisable by any ecclesiastical court or person in England or Wales in respect of—
a. divorce a mensa et thoro (renamed judicial separation by that Act);
b. nullity of marriage; and
c. any matrimonial cause or matter except marriage licences. (Senior Courts Act 1981, Sec. 26)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
Considering that the liberty, the equality, and the dignity of Man cannot be assured except in a society which consecrates the primacy of law, concerned by creating durable conditions for a harmonious social evolution, respectful of the precepts of Islam, sole source of law and open to the exigencies of the modern world, the Mauritanian people proclaim, in particular, the intangible guarantee of the following rights and principles:
…
- the rights attached to the family, basic unit [cellule] of the Islamic society.
… (Preamble) - Arabic...
نظرا إلي أن الحرية و المساواة و كرامة الإنسان يستحيل ضمانها إلا في ظل مجتمع يكرس سيادة القانون، و حرصا منه على خلق الظروف الثابتة لنمو اجتماعي منسجم ، يحترم أحكام الدين الإسلامي ، المصدر الوحيد للقانون ، و يلائم متطلبات العالم الحديث ، يعلن الشعب الموريتاني على وجه الخصوص الضمان الأكيد للحقوق و المبادئ التالية:
...
- الحقوق المتعلّقة بالآسرة كخلية أساسية للمجتمع الإسلامي.
... (الدّيباجة) - French…
Considérant que la liberté, l’égalité et la dignité de l’Homme ne peuvent être assurées que dans une société qui consacre la primauté du droit, soucieux de créer les conditions durables d’une évolution sociale harmonieuse respectueuse des préceptes de l’Islam, seule source de droit, et ouverte aux exigences du monde moderne, le peuple mauritanien proclame, en particulier, la garantie intangible des droits et principes suivants :
…
- les droits attachés à la famille, cellule de base de la société islamique.
… (Préambule)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe family is the basis of society and the fundamental space for the integral development of people. It is formed by natural or legal ties, by the free decision of a man and a woman to enter into marriage or by the responsible willingness to conform to it.
1. All persons have the right to form a family, in whose formation and development the woman and man enjoy equal rights and duties and owe one another mutual understanding and reciprocal respect.
2. The State shall guarantee the protection of the family. The good of the family in unalienable and unattachable, in accordance with the law.
3. The State shall promote and protect the organization of the family on the basis of the institution of marriage between a man and a woman. The law shall establish the requirements to enter into it, the formalities of its celebration, its personal and patrimonial effects, the causes of separation or dissolution, and the regime of the property, rights, and duties between the spouses.
4. Religious marriages shall have civil effects in terms established by law, without prejudice to that dictated in international treaties.
5. The singular and stable union between a man and a woman, free from matrimonial impediment, that form a real home, creates rights and duties in their personal and patrimonial relationships, in accordance with the law.
6. Maternity, whether the social condition or the civil state of the woman, shall enjoy the protection of the public powers and causes the right to official assistance in the case of need.
7. All persons have the right to have their personality, their own first name, and the surnames of their father and mother recognized, and to know the identities of the same.
8. All persons have the right from their birth to be inscribed without payment in the civil register or in the book of foreigners and to obtain the public documents that prove their identity, in accordance with the law.
9. All sons and daughters are equal under the law, have equal rights and duties, and shall enjoy the same opportunities for social, spiritual, and physical development. All mentions of the nature of parentage are prohibited in the civil registers and in all identity documents.
10. The State promotes responsible paternity and maternity. The father and the mother, even after separation and divorce, have the shared and non-renounceable duty to feed, raise, train, educate, support, and provide safety and assistance to their sons and daughters. The law shall establish the necessary and appropriate methods to guarantee the effect of these obligations.
11. The State recognizes work at home as an economic activity that creates aggregate value and produces social richness and well-being, therefore it shall be incorporated into the formulation and execution of public and social policies.
12. The State shall guarantee, through the law, safe and effective policies for adoption.
… (Art. 55) - SpanishLa familia es el fundamento de la sociedad y el espacio básico para el desarrollo integral de las personas. Se constituye por vínculos naturales o jurídicos, por la decisión libre de un hombre y una mujer de contraer matrimonio o por la voluntad responsable de conformarla.
1) Toda persona tiene derecho a constituir una familia, en cuya formación y desarrollo la mujer y el hombre gozan de iguales derechos y deberes y se deben comprensión mutua y respeto recíproco;
2) El Estado garantizará la protección de la familia. El bien de familia es inalienable e inembargable, de conformidad con la ley;
3) El Estado promoverá y protegerá la organización de la familia sobre la base de la institución del matrimonio entre un hombre y una mujer. La ley establecerá los requisitos para contraerlo, las formalidades para su celebración, sus efectos personales y patrimoniales, las causas de separación o de disolución, el régimen de bienes y los derechos y deberes entre los cónyuges;
4) Los matrimonios religiosos tendrán efectos civiles en los términos que establezca la ley, sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en los tratados internacionales;
5) La unión singular y estable entre un hombre y una mujer, libres de impedimento matrimonial, que forman un hogar de hecho, genera derechos y deberes en sus relaciones personales y patrimoniales, de conformidad con la ley;
6) La maternidad, sea cual fuere la condición social o el estado civil de la mujer, gozará de la protección de los poderes públicos y genera derecho a la asistencia oficial en caso de desamparo;
7) Toda persona tiene derecho al reconocimiento de su personalidad, a un nombre propio, al apellido del padre y de la madre y a conocer la identidad de los mismos;
8) Todas las personas tienen derecho desde su nacimiento a ser inscritas gratuitamente en el registro civil o en el libro de extranjería y a obtener los documentos públicos que comprueben su identidad, de conformidad con la ley;
9) Todos los hijos son iguales ante la ley, tienen iguales derechos y deberes y disfrutarán de las mismas oportunidades de desarrollo social, espiritual y físico. Se prohíbe toda mención sobre la naturaleza de la filiación en los registros civiles y en todo documento de identidad;
10) El Estado promueve la paternidad y maternidad responsables. El padre y la madre, aun después de la separación y el divorcio, tienen el deber compartido e irrenunciable de alimentar, criar, formar, educar, mantener, dar seguridad y asistir a sus hijos e hijas. La ley establecerá las medidas necesarias y adecuadas para garantizar la efectividad de estas obligaciones;
11) El Estado reconoce el trabajo del hogar como actividad económica que crea valor agregado y produce riqueza y bienestar social, por lo que se incorporará en la formulación y ejecución de las políticas públicas y sociales;
12) El Estado garantizará, mediante ley, políticas seguras y efectivas para la adopción;
… (Art. 55)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
II. Everybody has the right to keep their family life secret or private. Except in cases specified by law, interference with a person's private or family life is prohibited. Everyone has a right to protection against unlawful interference with his or her private or family life.
… (Art. 32) - Azerbaijani…
II. Hər kəsin şəxsi və ailə həyatının sirrini saxlamaq hüququ vardır. Qanunla nəzərdə tutulan hallardan başqa, şəxsi və ailə həyatına müdaxilə etmək qadağandır. Hər kəsin şəxsi və ailə həyatına qanunsuz müdaxilədən müdafiə hüququ vardır.
… (Maddə 32)
Marriage and Family Life
- English
1. Everyone has the right to get married and have a family.
2. Marriage and family enjoy special protection of the state.
3. The entering into and dissolution of marriage are regulated by law. (Art. 53) - Albanian
1. Kushdo ka të drejtë të martohet dhe të ketë familje.
2. Martesa dhe familja gëzojnë mbrojtjen e veçantë të shtetit.
3. Lidhja dhe zgjidhja e martesës rregullohen me ligj. (Neni 53)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
(2) The functions and powers available to the Bougainville Government in and in relation to Bougainville are the following:-
…
(p) family law;
… (Sec. 290)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishMarriage and family constitute the natural and moral base of the human community. They are placed under the protection of the State.
The State and public collectivities have the duty to see to the physical, mental and moral health of the family, particularly of the mother and of the child. (Art. 21) - FrenchLe mariage et la famille constituent la base naturelle et morale de la communauté humaine. Ils sont placés sous la protection de l’État.
L’État et les collectivités publiques ont le devoir de veiller à la santé physique, mentale et morale de la famille, particulièrement de la mère et de l’enfant. (Art. 21)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishMandatory universal insurance shall cover the contingencies of illness, maternity, paternity, labor hazards, termination of employment, unemployment, old age, invalidity, disability, death and those provide for by the law. Health services for the contingencies of illness and maternity shall be provided through the public integral health network.
… (Art. 369) - SpanishEl seguro universal obligatorio cubrirá las contingencias de enfermedad, maternidad, paternidad, riesgos de trabajo, cesantía, desempleo, vejez, invalidez, discapacidad, muerte y aquellas que defina la ley. Las prestaciones de salud de las contingencias de enfermedad y maternidad se brindarán a través de la red pública integral de salud.
… (Art. 369)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1. Any person reaching nubile age is free to marry and to found a family according to the law relating to marriage, applicable to such person under the provisions of this Constitution.
2. The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall, in the following cases, be applied as follows:-
a. if the law relating to marriage applicable to the parties as provided under Article 111 is not the same, the parties may elect to have their marriage governed by the law applicable to either of them under such Article;
b. if the provisions of Article 111 are not applicable to any of the parties to the marriage and neither of such parties is a member of the Turkish Community, the marriage shall be governed by a law of the Republic which the House of Representatives shall make and which shall not contain any restrictions other than those relating to age, health, proximity of relationship and prohibition of polygamy;
c. if the provisions of Article 111 are applicable only to one of the parties to the marriage and the other party is not a member of the Turkish Community, the marriage shall be governed by the law of the Republic as in sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph provided:
Provided that the parties may elect to have their marriage governed by the law applicable, under Article 111, to one of such parties in so far as such law allows such marriage.
3. Nothing in this Article contained shall, in any way, affect the rights, other than those on marriage, of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of any religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply with regard to their respective members as provided in this Constitution. (Art. 22) - Greek1. Πας συμπληρώσας την προς γάμον ηλικίαν είναι ελεύθερος να συνάψη γάμον και ιδρύση οικογένειαν συμφώνως τω εφαρμοστέω δι’ έκαστον πρόσωπον, δυνάμει των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος, δικαίω περί γάμου.
2. Αι διατάξεις της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εφαρμόζονται ως ακολούθως εις τας επομένας περιπτώσεις:
(α) εάν το εφαρμοστέον δι’ αμφοτέρους τους μέλλοντας να τελέσωσι γάμον, ως εν άρθρω 111 ορίζεται, δίκαιον περί γάμου δεν είναι το αυτό, οι μέλλοντες να τελέσωσι γάμον δύνανται να επιλέξωσιν, όπως ο γάμος αυτών διέπεται υπό του δικαίου του εφαρμοστέου δι’ εκάτερον τούτων συμφώνως τω ειρημένω άρθρω,
(β) εάν αι διατάξεις του άρθρου 111 δεν είναι εφαρμοστέαι διά τους μέλλοντας να τελέσωσι γάμον και ουδείς εξ αυτών είναι μέλος της τουρκικής κοινότητος, ο γάμος αυτών διέπεται υπό νόμου της Δημοκρατίας, ψηφιζομένου υπό της Βουλής, ο οποίος δεν δύναται να περιλαμβάνη περιορισμούς άλλους πλην των αφορώντων εις την ηλικίαν, την υγιείαν, τον βαθμόν συγγενείας και την απαγόρευσιν της πολυγαμίας,
(γ) εάν αι διατάξεις του άρθρου 111 είναι εφαρμοστέαι μόνον δι’ εκάτερον των μελλόντων να τελέσωσι γάμον και ο έτερος εξ αυτών δεν είναι μέλος της τουρκικής κοινότητος, ο γάμος διέπεται υπό νόμου της Δημοκρατίας, ως ορίζεται εν εδαφίω (β) της παρούσης παραγράφου, τηρουμένου του όρους ότι οι μέλλοντες να τελέσωσι γάμον δύνανται να επιλέξωσιν όπως ο γάμος αυτών διέπεται υπό του εφαρμοστέου συμφώνως τω άρθρω 111 δι’ εκάτερον αυτών δικαίου, εφ’ όσον τούτο επιτρέπει τοιούτον γάμον.
3. Ουδέν των εν τω παρόντι άρθρω περιλαμβανομένων επηρεάζει καθ’ οιονδήποτε τρόπον τα δικαιώματα, πλην των εις τον γάμον αναφερομένων, της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ως προς τους ανήκοντας εις αυτήν ή οιασδήποτε θρησκευτικής ομάδος, δι’ ην εφαρμόζονται αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, ως προς τα μέλη αυτής, ως εν τω Συντάγματι ορίζεται. (Αρθρον 22) - Turkish1. Evlenme çağına erişen her şahıs, bu Anayasa hükümleri gereğince kendisine uygulanabilecek evlenmeye dair kanuna göre evlenmekte ve bir aile kurmakta hürdür.
2. Bu Maddenin 1. fıkrasının hükümleri, aşağıdaki hâllerde aşağıdaki gibi uygulanır:
(a) 111. Maddede gösterildiği üzere taraflara uygulanabilecek evliliğe dair kanun aynı olmadığı takdirde, taraflar, söz konusu Madde gereğince ikisinden birine uygulanabilecek olan kanundan birinin evlenmelerine uygulanmasını seçebilir;
(b) 111. Madde hükümleri evliliğe taraf olanlardan hiçbirine uygulanamaz ve taraflardan hiçbiri Türk Cemaatinin üyesi değilse, evliliğe, Temsilciler Meclisi tarafından yapılacak ve yaş, sağlık, akrabalık derecesi ve çok eşliliğin yasaklanmasına dair olanlardan başka kısıtlamalar koymayacak olan bir Cumhuriyet kanunu uygulanır;
c. 111. Madde hükümleri evliliğe taraf olanlardan yalnız birine uygulanabildiği ve diğer taraf Türk Cemaatinin bir üyesi olmadığı takdirde, evliliğe, bu fıkranın (b) bendinde gösterilen Cumhuriyet kanunu uygulanır:
Ancak evliliğe taraf olanlar, ilgili kanunun evlenmelerine izin vermesi şartı ile, 111. Madde gereğince ikisinden birine uygulanabilecek olan kanunun evliliklerine uygulanmasını seçebilir.
3. Bu madde hükmü, hiçbir suretle, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesinin veya üyelerine 2. Maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümleri uygulanacak olan herhangi diğer bir dini grubun, evliliğe dair olanlardan başka bu Anayasada gösterilen haklarına etki etmez. (Madde 22)
Marriage and Family Life
- English(1) The raising and upbringing of children until they come of legal age shall be a right and obligation of their parents and shall be assisted by the State.
(2) Mothers shall be the object of special protection on the part of the State and shall be guaranteed prenatal and postnatal leave, free obstetric care, alleviated working conditions and other social assistance.
(3) Children born out of wedlock shall enjoy equal rights with those born in wedlock.
…
(5) The conditions and procedure for the restriction or suspension of parental rights shall be established by law. (Art. 47) - Bulgarian(1) Отглеждането и възпитанието на децата до пълнолетието им е право и задължение на техните родители и се подпомага от държавата.
(2) Жената майка се ползва от особената закрила на държавата, която й осигурява платен отпуск преди и след раждане, безплатна акушерска помощ, облекчаване на труда и други социални помощи.
(3) Децата, родени извън брака, имат равни права с родените в брака.
…
(5) Условията и редът за ограничаване или отнемане на родителските права се определя със закон. (Чл. 47)