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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Marriage and Family Life
- English
Parents have the natural right and the duty to raise their children. They are sustained in this effort, by the State and the public collectivities.
… (Art. 20) - French
Les parents ont le droit naturel et le devoir d'élever leurs enfants. Ils sont soutenus, dans cette tâche, par l'Etat et les collectivités publiques.
... (Art. 20)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe following are the fundamental obligations of the State:
…
d. To see to the raising of the standard of living of all the inhabitants of the country, securing [procurando] the wellbeing of the family;
… (Art. 119) - SpanishSon obligaciones fundamentales del Estado:
…
d) Velar por la elevación del nivel de vida de todos los habitantes del país, procurando el bienestar de la familia;
… (Art. 119)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution any matter relating to betrothal, marriage, nullity of marriage of members of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall, on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, be governed by the law of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of the Church of such religious group, as the case may be. A Law shall provide for an attempt of reconciliation or of spiritual dissolution of marriage to be made before a Bishop.
2. A. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed:
a) For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well.
b) For any other trial, or one judge as a law shall provide.
B. The divorce is maintainable only—
a) For the grounds, under the Charter of the Holy Church of Cyprus, as are in force at the date of Enactment by the House of Representatives, of the First Amendment of the Constitution Law of 1989, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution;
b) When the relations of the spouses have been so strongly shaken by a ground concerning the person of the defendant or of both spouses, which justifiably render continuation of the marital relation intolerable for the plaintiff; and
c) For any other ground that a law may provide after the views of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus are being heard.
3. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of a religious group for which the provisions of the third paragraph of section 2 apply, shall be cognizable by a family court for which a law shall determine its establishment, composition and jurisdiction, mutatis mutandis to the above.
4. Law shall provide for appeal against decisions of the family courts, for the composition of those who shall adjudicate and decide on these appeals and for the jurisdiction and powers of these appellate courts. A law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph may provide that the appellate court may be composed of one or more judges of the Supreme Court, sitting alone or together with another judge or other judges belonging to the judicial service of the Republic as the law may provide.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section, the free choice of a civil marriage is offered to the members of the Greek Community.
6. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article contained shall preclude the application of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article 90 to the execution of any judgment or order of any such tribunal. (Art. 111) - Greek(1).-Τηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν ή εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς τον αρραβώνα, τον γάμον, το κύρος του γάμου, διέπεται από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ή υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου εκάστης θρησκευτικής ομάδος, αναλόγως της περιπτώσεως.
Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της ενώπιον Επισκόπου αποπείρας συνδιαλλαγής ή της πνευματικής λύσης του γάμου.
(2).-Α. Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων έκαστον των οποίων σύγκειται:
(α) Εις την περί διαζυγίου δίκην εκ τριών δικαστών, ο είς των οποίων είναι αξιωματούχος κληρικός, νομομαθής διοριζόμενος υπό της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας και προεδρεύσει τούτου, οι δε έτεροι δύο επιλέγονται μεταξύ νομομαθών ανωτάτου επαγγελματικού και ηθικού επιπέδου ανηκόντων εις την υπό του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. Εις ην περίπτωσιν το Ανώτατον Δικαστήριον διορίζει και τον Πρόεδρον του Δικαστηρίου.
(β) Εις πάσαν άλλην δίκην εξ' ενός δικαστού ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
Β. Το διαζύγιον χωρεί μόνον-
(α) Διά τους εις το Καταστατικόν της Αγιωτάτης Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου λόγους ως ούτοι ισχύουν κατά την ημερομηνίαν ψηφίσεως υπό της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων του περί της Πρώτης Τροποποιήσεως του Συντάγματος Νόμου του 1989, εφ' όσον ούτοι δεν αντίκεινται προς το Σύνταγμα·
(β) όταν αι μεταξύ των συζύγων σχέσεις έχουν κλονισθή τόσον ισχυρώς από λόγον ο οποίος αφορά το ώστε βασίμως η εξακολούθησις της εγγάμου σχέσεως να είναι αφόρητος διά τον ενάγοντα· και
(γ) δι' οιονδήποτε έτερον λόγον ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει, αφού ακουσθώσιν αι απόψεις της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου.
(3).- Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα δι' ην ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακού δικαστηρίου, περί της ιδρύσεως, της συνθέσεως και της δικαιοδοσίας του οποίου νόμος θέλει ορίσει, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών προς τα ανωτέρω.
(4).- Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της εφέσεως κατά των αποφάσεων των οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων, περί της συνθέσεως των δικαζόντων και αποφασιζόντων επί των εφέσεων τούτων, εκ και περί της δικαιοδοσίας και της εξουσίας των δευτεροβάθμιων τούτων δικαστηρίων. Νόμος συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι της παρούσης παραγράφου δύναται να ορίση ότι το δευτεροβάθμιον δικαστήριον δύναται να απαρτίζηται εξ' ενός ή πλειόνων δικαστών του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου, συνεδριαζόντων μόνων ή μετ' άλλου ή άλλων δικαστών της δικαστικής υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας, ως ο νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
(5).- Ανεξαρτήτων των διατάξεων της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εις τους ανήκοντας εις την Ελληνικήν Κοινότητα προσφέρεται η ελεύθερη επιλογή πολιτικού γάμου.
(6).-Ουδέν εκ των εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου διαλαμβανομένων δύναται να παρεμποδίσει την εφαρμογήν των διατάξεων της πέμπτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 90 προκειμένης εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε αποφάσεως ή διαταγής παντός εκκλησιαστικού δικαστηρίου. (Αρθρον 111) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümleri saklı kalmak şartı ile, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya kendisine 2. Maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümleri uygulanan bir dini grup üyelerinin nişanlılık, evlenme, evliliğin iptaline dair herhangi bir konuya, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve ondan sonra, durumuna göre, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesinin veya söz konusu dini grubun Kilisesinin kanunu uygulanır. Evliliği dini açıdan bitirme veya barıştırma girişiminin bir Piskopos huzurunda gerçekleştirilmesini kanun temin eder.
2. A. Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, her biri aşağıdakilerden müteşekkil aile mahkemeleri bakar:
a) Bir boşanma davası için, içlerinden biri Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafından atanan dini avukat görevlisi olan ve Mahkemeye başkanlık eden, Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesine ait yüksek uzmanlık ve ahlak standartlarına sahip diğer ikisi de avukatlar arasından yüksek Mahkeme tarafından atanan üç yargıç. Yukarıda belirtildiği gibi bir dini görevli atanmadıysa Yüksek Mahkeme, Mahkeme Başkanını da atar.
b) Diğer herhangi bir dava için, kanunun öngördüğü bir yargıç.
B. Boşanma ancak aşağıdaki durumlarda meşru olur:
a) Kutsal Kıbrıs Kilisesi Beyannamesi uyarınca, Anayasa ile tutarsız olmadıkları ölçüde, 1989 tarihli Anayasada yapılan Birinci Değişikliğe ilişkin Temsilciler Meclisinin Kararname tarihinde yürürlükte olan sebeplerle;
b) Eşlerin ilişkisi, davacı açısından evlilik ilişkisinin sürdürülmesini haklı olarak tahammül edilemez kılan, davalıyı veya her iki eşi de ilgilendiren bir sebeple temelinden sarsıldığında; ve
c) Kıbrıs Rum Ortodoks Kilisesinin görüşleri dinlendikten sonra bir kanunun ortaya koyabileceği başka herhangi bir sebeple.
3. 2. kısmın üçüncü fıkra hükümlerinin geçerli olduğu dini bir grubun üyelerinin boşanma, ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesine ya da aile ilişkilerine dair herhangi bir konuya, kuruluşu, yapısı ve yargı yetkisi bir kanun tarafından belirlenecek olan ve yukarıdakinde gerekli değişiklikler yapılacak bir aile mahkemesi bakar.
4. Aile mahkemelerinin kararlarına karşı kanun yolları, söz konusu kanun yollarında karar verecek mahkemerin kuruluşu ve bu temyiz mahkemelerinin görev ve yetkileri kanunla belirlenir. Bu fıkranın hükümleri doğrultusunda konulan bir kanun, temyiz mahkemesinin, kanunların öngördüğü şekilde Cumhuriyetin yargı hizmetini gören başka bir yargıç veya yargıçlarla birlikte ya da tek başına duruşma yapan, Yüksek Mahkemenin bir veya daha fazla yargıcından müteşekkil olması için hükümler koyabilir.
5. Bu kısmın birinci fıkra hükümleri saklı kalmak kaydıyla, Rum Cemaati üyelerine medeni nikah için seçme hakkı sunulur.
6. Bu Maddenin 1. fıkrasında yer alan hiçbir şey, 90. Maddenin 5. fıkra hükümlerinin, böyle bir mahkemenin herhangi bir kararı veya emrinin icrasına uygulanmasını engellemez. (Madde 111)
Marriage and Family Life
- English...
3. The State and society shall create an environment for building prosperous, progressive and happy Vietnamese families, and developing Vietnamese people with good health, cultural qualities, patriotism, a spirit of solidarity, a sense of mastery and civic responsibility. (Art. 60) - Vietnamese…
3. Nhà nước, xã hội tạo môi trường xây dựng gia đình Việt Nam ấm no, tiến bộ, hạnh phúc; xây dựng con người Việt Nam có sức khỏe, văn hóa, giàu lòng yêu nước, có tinh thần đoàn kết, ý thức làm chủ, trách nhiệm công dân. (Điều 60)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishThe following shall be the fundamental tasks of the State:
…
e) To promote the well-being and quality of life of the Cabo Verdean people, especially the neediest, and to remove, in a progressive fashion, economic, social, cultural and political obstacles that hinder true equality of opportunity among citizens, especially factors of discrimination against women in the family and in the society;
… (Art. 7) - PortugueseSão tarefas fundamentais do Estado:
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e) Promover o bem estar e a qualidade de vida do povo cabo-verdiano, designadamente dos mais carenciados, e remover progressivamente os obstáculos de natureza económica, social, cultural e política que impedem a real igualdade de oportunidades entre os cidadãos, especialmente os factores de discriminação da mulher na família e na sociedade;
… (Art. 7)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1. The civil status of persons and forms of marriage shall be regulated by law. The civil effects of Canon Law marriage shall be recognised.
2. The public authorities shall promote a policy of protection of the family, which is the basic foundation of society.
3. Both spouses have the same rights and duties. All children are equal before the law, regardless of their parentage. (Art. 13) - Catalan1. La llei regularà la condició civil de les persones i les formes de matrimoni. Es reconeixen els efectes civils del matrimoni canònic.
2. Els poders públics promouran una política de protecció de la família, element bàsic de la societat.
3. Els cònjuges tenen els mateixos drets i obligacions. Els fills són iguals davant de la llei, amb independència de la seva filiació. (Art. 13)
Marriage and Family Life
- English1. The family shall be the fundamental element and the base of the whole society.
2. The family should be protected by the society and by the State so as to permit the creation of conditions for the compliance with its social function and for the personal realization of its members.
3. Everyone shall have the right to form a family.
4. The State and social institutions must create conditions that will ensure the unity and stability of the family. (Art. 87) - Portuguese1. A família é o elemento fundamental e a base de toda a sociedade.
2. A família deverá ser protegida pela sociedade e pelo Estado de modo a permitir a criação das condições para o cumprimento da sua função social e para a realização pessoal dos seus membros.
3. Todos têm o direito de constituir família.
4. O Estado e as instituições sociais devem criar as condições que assegurem a unidade e a estabilidade da família. (Art. 87)
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishTongan male subjects by birth of or over the age of 16 years may be granted town allotments and tax allotments out of estates granted in pursuance of this Constitution with the consent of or upon consultation with the estate holder and out of the lands of the Crown, by the Minister of Lands. Such allotments shall be hereditary and shall be of such size and at an annual rent as may be determined by law. A widow shall have the right to succeed according to law, to her deceased husband's tax and town allotments. (Clause 113)
- TonganKo e kakai tangata kuo fa‘ele‘i ko e Tonga ‘oku pe laka hake ‘i he 16 honau ta‘u motu‘a ‘e ngofua ke foaki atu ke nau ma‘u ‘api kolo mo ‘api tukuhau mei he ngaahi tofi‘a kuo foaki ‘o fakatatau mo e Konisitutone ‘i he loto ki ai pe ‘i ha feongoongoi mo e ma‘u tofi‘a pea mei he ngaahi tofi‘a ‘o e Pule‘anga, ‘e he Minisita Fonua. Kuo pau ke tukufakaholo ‘a e ngaahi ‘api koia pea ko e me‘a ki hono lahi mo e lisi fakata‘u kuo pau ke tu‘utu‘uni ki ai ‘a e lao. Kuo pau ke ma‘u ‘e he uitou fakatatau ki he lao ‘a e totonu ke ne ma‘u ‘a e ‘api tukuhau mo e ‘api kolo ‘o hono mali kuo pekia. (Kupu 113)
Marriage and Family Life
- English…
(5) The state shall provide free healthcare for motherhood, childhood and pregnant women. (Art. 48) - Arabic5.توفر الدولة الرعاية الصحية المجانية للأُمومة و الطفولة وللحوامل (الماده 49).
Marriage and Family Life
- EnglishPreschool and maternal instruction will be a responsibility taken by the State and the territorial collectivities. (Art. 32-5)
- FrenchLa formation préscolaire et maternelle sera prise en charge par l'État et les collectivités territoriales. (Art. 32.5)