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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Minorities
- EnglishEveryone shall have the right to use his/her language in the proceedings before the court, other state body or organization performing public powers, when his/her right or duty is decided on.
Unfamiliarity with the language of the proceedings may not be an impediment for the exercise and protection of human and minority rights. (Art. 199) - Serbian CyrillicСвако има право да користи свој језик у поступку пред судом, другим државним органом или организацијом која врши јавна овлашћења, када се решава о његовом праву или обавези.
Незнање језика на коме се поступак води не сме бити сметња за остваривање и заштиту људских и мањинских права. (Члан 199)
Minorities
- EnglishThe enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth or other status. (Art. 14 of ECHR, Human Rights Act 1998 Schedule 1)
Minorities
- English(1) Seats shall be reserved in the House of the People for—
(a) the Scheduled Castes;
(b) the Scheduled Tribes except the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam; and
(c) the Scheduled Tribes in the autonomous districts of Assam.
… (Art. 330) - Hindi(1) लोक सभा में निम्नलिखित के लिए स्थान आरक्षित रहेंगे—
(क) अनुसूचित जातियों के लिए;
(ख) असम के स्वशासी जिलों की अनुसूचित जनजातियों को छोड़ कर अन्य अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए; और
(ग) असम के स्वशासी जिलों की अनुसूचित जनजातियों के लिए।
… (अनुच्छेद 330)
Minorities
- EnglishThe Corps of Defense and of Security are open without discrimination to all Burundian citizens who desire to be made part of them. Their organization is based on volunteering [volontariat] and on professionalism.
During a period to be determined by the Senate, the Corps of Defense and of Security may not include more than 50% of the members belonging to a particular ethnic group, taking into account the necessity to assure the ethnic equilibrium and to prevent acts of genocide and coups d’État. (Art. 263) - KirundiInzego zo kwivuna abansi n’iz’umutekano zakira abanyagihugu bose bashaka kuzinjiramwo atawukumiriwe. Izo nzego zitunganijwe ku buryo zinjirwamwo n’uwubishaka kandi abifitiye ubuhinga n’ubushobozi.
Mu kiringo gishingwa n’Inama Nkenguzamateka, urwego rw’ukwivuna abansi n’urw’abajejwe umutekano ntizishobora kubamwo abarenga ibice 50 % b’ubwoko bumwe kugira ngo amoko yose aserukirwe, hongere hakingwe ibikorwa bigayitse vy’ihonyabwoko n’ugufata ubutegetsi ku nguvu. (Ingingo ya 263) - FrenchLes Corps de défense et de sécurité sont ouverts sans discrimination à tous les citoyens burundais désireux d’en faire partie. Leur organisation est basée sur le volontariat et le professionnalisme.
Pendant une période à déterminer par le Sénat, les Corps de défense et de sécurité ne comptent pas plus de 50% de membres appartenant à un groupe ethnique particulier, compte tenu de la nécessité d’assurer l’équilibre ethnique et de prévenir les actes de génocide et les coups d’Etat. (Art. 263)
Minorities
- English(1) The Dalit shall have the right to participate in all bodies of the State on the basis of the principle of proportional inclusion. Special provision shall be made by law for the empowerment, representation and participation of the Dalit community in public services as well as other sectors of employment.
(2) Provision of free education with scholarship, from primary to higher education, shall be made by law for the Dalit students. Special provision shall be made by law for the Dalit in technical and vocational education.
(3) Special provision shall be made by law in order to provide health and social security to the Dalit community.
(4) The Dalit community shall have the right to use, protect and develop their traditional occupation, knowledge, skill and technology. The State shall accord priority to the Dalit community in modern business related with their traditional occupation and provide skills and resources required therefor.
(5) The State shall once provide land to the landless Dalit in accordance with law.
(6) The State shall, in accordance with law, arrange settlement for the Dalit who do not have housing.
(7) The facilities conferred by this Article to the Dalit community must be distributed in a just manner so that the Dalit women, men and Dalit in all communities can obtain such facilities proportionately. (Art. 40) - Nepali(१) राज्यका सबै निकायमा दलितलाई समानुपातिक समावेशी सिद्धान्तको आधारमा सहभागी हुने हक हुनेछ । सार्वजनिक सेवा लगायतका रोजगारीका अन्य क्षेत्रमा दलित समुदायको सशक्तीकरण, प्रतिनिधित्व र सहभागिताकालागि कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
(२) दलित विद्यार्थीलाई प्राथमिकदेखि उच्च शिक्षासम्म कानून बमोजिम छात्रवृत्ति सहित निःशुल्क शिक्षाको व्यवस्था गरिनेछ । प्राविधिक र व्यावसायिक उच्च शिक्षामा दलितकालागि कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
(३) दलित समुदायलाई स्वास्थ्य र सामाजिक सुरक्षा प्रदान गर्न कानून बमोजिम विशेष व्यवस्था गरिनेछ ।
(४) दलित समुदायलाई आफ्नो परम्परागत पेशा, ज्ञान, सीप र प्रविधिको प्रयोग, संरक्षण र विकास गर्ने हक हुनेछ । राज्यले दलित समुदायका परम्परागत पेशासँग सम्बन्धित आधुनिक व्यवसायमा उनीहरूलाई प्राथमिकता दिई त्यसकालागि आवश्यक पर्ने सीप र स्रोत उपलब्ध गराउनेछ ।
(५) राज्यले भूमिहीन दलितलाई कानून बमोजिम एक पटक जमीन उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्नेछ ।
(६) राज्यले आवासविहीन दलितलाई कानून बमोजिम बसोबासको व्यवस्था गर्नेछ ।
(७) दलित समुदायलाई यस धाराद्वारा प्रदत्त सुविधा दलित महिला, पुरुष र सबै समुदायमा रहेका दलितले समानुपातिक रूपमा प्राप्त गर्ने गरी न्यायोचित वितरण गर्नु पर्नेछ । (धारा ४०)
Minorities
- EnglishThe objects of the devolution of government are—
…
(d) to recognise the right of communities to manage their own affairs and to further their development;
(e) to protect and promote the interests and rights of minorities and marginalised communities;
… (Art. 174) - SwahiliMalengo ya ugatuzi wa serikali ni-
…
(d) kutambua haki ya jamii kusimamia mambo yao wenyewe na kukuza maendeleo yao;
(e) kulinda na kuimarisha masilahi na haki za watu wenye uwakilishi mdogo katika jamii na jamii za pembezoni;
… (Kifungu cha 174)
Minorities
- English
(1) Unless the subject or the context otherwise requires, in this Constitution,-
(a) "Minority" means ethnic, linguistic and religious groups whose population is less than the percentage specified by the federal law, and includes groups that have their distinct ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics, aspirations to protect such characteristics and subjected to discrimination and oppression.
…
(m) "Marginalized" means communities that are made politically, economically and socially backward, are unable to enjoy services and facilities because of discrimination and oppression and of geographical remoteness or deprived thereof and are in lower status than the human development standards under federal law, and includes highly marginalized groups and groups on the verge of extinction.
… (Art. 306) - Nepali
(१) विषय वा प्रसङ्गले अर्को अर्थ नलागेमा यस संविधानमा,–
(क) “अल्पसंख्यक” भन्नाले संघीय कानून बमोजिम निर्धारित प्रतिशत भन्दा कम जनसंख्या रहेका जातीय, भाषिक र धार्मिक समूह सम्झनु पर्छ र सो शब्दले आफ्नै जातीय, धार्मिक र भाषिक विशिष्टता भएको, त्यसलाई बचाई राख्ने आकांक्षा रहेका, विभेद र उत्पीडन भोगेका समूह समेतलाई जनाउँछ ।
...
(ड) “सीमान्तीकृत” भन्नाले राजनीतिक, आर्थिक र सामाजिक रूपले पछाडि पारिएका, विभेद र उत्पीडन तथा भौगोलिक विकटताको कारणले सेवा सुविधाको उपभोग गर्न नसकेका वा त्यसबाट वञ्चित रहेका संघीय कानून बमोजिमको मानव विकासको स्तर भन्दा न्यून स्थितिमा रहेका समुदाय सम्झनु पर्छ र सो शब्दले अतिसीमान्तीकृत र लोपोन्मुख समुदाय समेतलाई जनाउँछ ।
... (धारा ३०६)
Minorities
- EnglishMinorities have a right to participate in decision-making processes, and their views and interests shall be taken into account in the making of national plans and programmes. (Art. 36)
Minorities
- English
The independence of the state and the integrity of its territory, dignity of the individual, human rights and freedoms, social justice, constitutional order, pluralism, national identity and national heritage, religious coexistence, as well as the coexistence and understanding of Albanians with minorities are the basis of this state, which has the duty of respecting and protecting them. (Art. 3)
- Albanian
Pavarësia e shtetit dhe tërësia e territorit të tij, dinjiteti i njeriut, të drejtat dhe liritë e tij, drejtësia shoqërore, rendi kushtetues, pluralizmi, identiteti kombëtar dhe trashëgimia kombëtare, bashkëjetesa fetare, si dhe bashkëjetesa dhe mirëkuptimi i shqiptarëve me pakicat janë baza e këtij shteti, i cili ka për detyrë t’i respektojë dhe t'i mbrojë. (Neni 3)
Minorities
- EnglishAll nationalities in the People’s Republic of China are equal. The State protects the lawful rights and interests of the minority nationalities and upholds and develops a relationship of equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony among all of China's nationalities. Discrimination against and oppression of any nationality are prohibited; any acts that undermine the unity of the nationalities or instigate their secession are prohibited.
The state helps the areas inhabited by minority nationalities speed up their economic and cultural development in accordance with the peculiarities and needs of the different minority nationalities.
Regional autonomy is practiced in areas where people of minority nationalities live in compact communities; in these areas organs of self-government are established for the exercise of the right of autonomy. All the national autonomous areas are inalienable parts of the People's Republic of China.
The people of all nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages, and to preserve or reform their own ways and customs. (Art. 4) - Chinese中华人民共和国各民族一律平等。国家保障各少数民族的合法的权利和利益,维护和发展各民族的平等团结互助和谐关系。禁止对任何民族的歧视和压迫,禁止破坏民族团结和制造民族分裂的行为。
国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要,帮助各少数民族地区加速经济和文化的发展。
各少数民族聚居的地方实行区域自治,设立自治机关,行使自治权。各民族自治地方都是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分。
各民族都有使用和发展自己的语言文字的自由,都有保持或者改革自己的风俗习惯的自由。 (第四条)