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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Minorities
Ecuador
- EnglishAncestral, indigenous, Afro-Ecuadorian and coastal back-country (montubios) peoples can establish territorial districts for the preservation of their culture. The law shall regulate their establishment.
Communities (comunas) that have collective land ownership are recognized as an ancestral form of territorial organization. (Art. 60) - SpanishLos pueblos ancestrales, indígenas, afroecuatorianos y montubios podrán constituir circunscripciones territoriales para la preservación de su cultura. La ley regulará su conformación.
Se reconoce a las comunas que tienen propiedad colectiva de la tierra, como una forma ancestral de organización territorial. (Art. 60)
Minorities
Croatia
- English…
Setting forth from these historical facts and the universally accepted principles governing the contemporary world and the inalienable and indivisible, non-transferable and perpetual right of the Croatian nation to self-determination and state sovereignty, including the inviolable right to secession and association as the fundamental conditions for peace and stability of the international order, the Republic of Croatia is hereby established as the nation state of the Croatian nation and the state of the members of its national minorities: Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Italians, Hungarians, Jews, Germans, Austrians, Ukrainians, Rusyns, Bosniaks, Slovenians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Russians, Bulgarians, Poles, Roma, Romanians, Turks, Vlachs, Albanians and others who are its citizens and who are guaranteed equality with citizens of Croatian nationality and the exercise of their national rights in accordance with the democratic norms of the United Nations and the countries of the free world.
… (I. Historical Foundations) - Croatian…
Polazeći od iznesenih povijesnih činjenica, te općeprihvaćenih načela u suvremenu svijetu i neotuđivosti i nedjeljivosti, neprenosivosti i nepotrošivosti prava na samoodređenje i državnu suverenost hrvatskog naroda, uključujući i neokrnjeno pravo na odcjepljenje i udruživanje, kao osnovnih preduvjeta za mir i stabilnost međunarodnog poretka Republika Hrvatska ustanovljuje se kao nacionalna država hrvatskoga naroda i država pripadnika nacionalnih manjina: Srba, Čeha, Slovaka, Talijana, Mađara, Židova, Nijemaca, Austrijanaca, Ukrajinaca, Rusina, Bošnjaka, Slovenaca, Crnogoraca, Makedonaca, Rusa, Bugara, Poljaka, Roma, Rumunja, Turaka, Vlaha, Albanaca i drugih, koji su njezini državljani, kojima se jamči ravnopravnost s građanima hrvatske narodnosti i ostvarivanje nacionalnih prava u skladu s demokratskim normama OUN-a i zemalja slobodnoga svijeta.
… (I. Izvorišne osnove)
Minorities
Latvia
- EnglishPersons belonging to ethnic minorities have the right to preserve and develop their language and their ethnic and cultural identity. (Art. 114)
- LatvianPersonām, kuras pieder pie mazākumtautībām, ir tiesības saglabāt un attīstīt savu valodu, etnisko un kultūras savdabību. (Art. 114)
Minorities
Romania
- English…
(3) The right of persons belonging to national minorities to learn their mother tongue, and their right to be educated in this language are guaranteed; the ways to exercise these rights shall be regulated by law.
… (Art. 32) - Romanian…
(3) Dreptul persoanelor aparţinând minorităţilor naţionale de a învăţa limba lor maternă şi dreptul de a putea fi instruite în această limbă sunt garantate; modalităţile de exercitare a acestor drepturi se stabilesc prin lege.
… (Art. 32)
Minorities
Serbia
- EnglishThe National Assembly shall consist of 250 deputies, who are elected on direct elections by secret ballot, in accordance with the Law.
In the National Assembly, equality and representation of different genders and members of national minorities shall be provided, in accordance with Law. (Art. 100) - Serbian CyrillicНародну скупштину чини 250 народних посланика, који се бирају на непосредним изборима, тајним гласањем, у складу са законом.
У Народној скупштини обезбеђују се равноправност и заступљеност полова и представника националних мањина, у складу са законом. (Члан 100)
Minorities
Ukraine
- English… Citizens belonging to national minorities shall be guaranteed, in accordance with law, the right to education in their native language, or to study their native language at the state and communal educational establishments or through national cultural societies. (Art. 53)
- Ukrainian… Громадянам, які належать до національних меншин, відповідно до закону гарантується право на навчання рідною мовою чи на вивчення рідної мови у державних і комунальних навчальних закладах або через національні культурні товариства. (Стаття 53)
Minorities
India
- English(1) Seats shall be reserved for—
(a) the Scheduled Castes; and
(b) the Scheduled Tribes,
in every Panchayat and the number of seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that Panchayat as the population of the Scheduled Castes in that Panchayat area or of the Scheduled Tribes in that Panchayat area bears to the total population of that area and such seats may be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in a Panchayat.
… (Art. 243D) - Hindi(1) प्रत्येक पंचायत में—
(क) अनुसूचित जातियों; और
(ख) अनुसूचित जनजातियों,
के लिए स्थान आरक्षित रहेंगे और इस प्रकार आरक्षित स्थानों की संख्या का अनुपात, उस पंचायत क्षेत्र में प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचन द्वारा भरे जाने वाले स्थानों की कुल संख्या से यथाशक्य वही होगा जो उस पंचायत में अनुसूचित जातियों की अथवा उस पंचायत क्षेत्र में अनुसूचित जनजातियों की जनसंख्या का अनुपात उस क्षेत्र की कुल जनसंख्या से है और ऐसे स्थान किसी पंचायत के भिन्न-भिन्न निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों को चक्रानुक्रम से आबंटित किए जा सकेंगे।
… (अनुच्छेद 243घ)
Minorities
Burundi
- EnglishThe Superior Council of the Magistrature is equilibrated on the ethnic [and] regional plane and between genders.
… (Art. 222) - KirundiMu bagize Inama nkuru y’abacamanza hategerezwa gucungerwa ko ata bwoko, ata ntara, ata gitsina vyakumiriwe kandi hakaba ukunganisha.
… (Ingingo ya 222) - FrenchLe Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature est équilibré sur le plan ethnique, régional et entre les genres.
… (Art. 222)
Minorities
India
- English(1) There shall be a Commission for the Scheduled Castes to be known as the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes.
…
(5) It shall be the duty of the Commission—
(a) to investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the Scheduled Castes under this Constitution or under any other law for the time being in force or under any order of the Government and to evaluate the working of such safeguards;
(b) to inquire into specific complaints with respect to the deprivation of rights and safeguards of the Scheduled Castes;
(c) to participate and advise on the planning process of socioeconomic development of the Scheduled Castes and to evaluate the progress of their development under the Union and any State;
(d) to present to the President, annually and at such other times as the Commission may deem fit, reports upon the working of those safeguards;
(e) to make in such reports recommendations as to the measures that should be taken by the Union or any State for the effective implementation of those safeguards and other measures for the protection. welfare and socioeconomic development of the Scheduled Castes; and
(f) to discharge such other functions in relation to the protection, welfare and development and advancement of the Scheduled Castes as the President may, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, by rule specify.
… (Art. 338) - Hindi(1) अनुसूचित जातियों के लिए एक आयोग होगा जो राष्ट्रीय अनुसूचित जाति आयोग के नाम से ज्ञात होगा।
...
(5) आयोग का यह कर्तव्य होगा कि वह—
(क) अनुसूचित जातियों के लिए इस संविधान या तत्समय प्रवृत्त किसी अन्य विधि या सरकार के किसी आदेश के अधीन उपबंधित रक्षोपायों से संबंधित सभी विषयों का अन्वेषण करे और उन पर निगरानी रखे तथा ऐसे रक्षोपायों के कार्यकरण का मूल्यांकन करे;
(ख) अनुसूचित जातियों को उनके अधिकारों और रक्षोपायों से वंचित करने की बाबत विनिर्दिष्ट शिकायतों की जांच करे;
(ग) अनुसूचित जातियों के सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास की योजना प्रक्रिया में भाग ले और उन पर सलाह दे तथा संघ और किसी राज्य के अधीन उनके विकास की प्रगति का मूल्यांकन करे;
(घ) उन रक्षोपायों के कार्यकरण के बारे में प्रतिवर्ष, और ऐसे अन्य समयों पर, जो आयोग ठीक समझे, राष्ट्रपति को प्रतिवेदन दे;
(ड.) ऐसे प्रतिवेदनों में उन उपायों के बारे में जो उन रक्षोपायों के प्रभावपूर्ण कार्यान्वयन के लिए संघ या किसी राज्य द्वारा किए जाने चाहिए, तथा अनुसूचित जातियों के संरक्षण, कल्याण और सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास के लिए अन्य उपायों के बारे में सिफ़ारिशें करे; और
(च) अनुसूचित जातियों के संरक्षण, कल्याण, विकास तथा उन्नयन के संबंध में ऐसे अन्य कृत्यों का निर्वहन करे जो राष्ट्रपति, संसद द्वारा बनाई गई किसी विधि के उपबंधों के अधीन रहते हुए, नियम द्वारा विनिर्दिष्ट करे।
… (अनुच्छेद 338)
Minorities
Central African Republic
- EnglishThe Central African People, …
Resolved to build a State of Law founded on a pluralistic democracy, the respect for the separation and the equilibrium of the powers to [en vue de] guarantee the security of persons and of property [biens], the protection of the most weak, notably vulnerable persons, the minorities, and the full exercise of the fundamental freedoms and rights;
… (Preamble) - FrenchLE PEUPLE CENTRAFRICAIN, …
Résolu à construire un Etat de droit fondé sur une démocratie pluraliste, le respect de la séparation et de l’équilibre des pouvoirs en vue de garantir la sécurité des personnes et des biens, la protection des plus faibles, notamment des personnes vulnérables, des minorités et le plein exercice des libertés et des droits fondamentaux;
… (Préambule)