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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
National level
- English...
(3) Until the dissolution of Parliament occurring next after the expiration of the period of twenty five years beginning from the date of the first meeting of the Parliament next after the Parliament in existence at the time of the commencement of the Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 2018, there shall be reserved fifty seats exclusively for women members and they will be elected by the aforesaid members in accordance with law on the basis of procedure of proportional representation in the Parliament through single transferable vote :
Provided that nothing in this clause shall be deemed to prevent a woman from being elected to any of the seats provided for in clause (2) of this article.
(3A) For the remaining period of the Parliament in existence at the time of the commencement of the Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 2011, Parliament shall consist of three hundred members elected by direct election provided for in clause (2) and fifty women members provided for in clause (3).
… (Art. 65) - Bengali...
(৩) সংবিধান (সপ্তদশ সংশোধন) আইন, ২০১৮ প্রবর্তনকালে বিদ্যমান সংসদের অব্যবহিত পরবর্তী সংসদের প্রথম বৈঠকের তারিখ হইতে শুরু করিয়া পঁচিশ বৎসরকাল অতিবাহিত হইবার অব্যবহিত পরবর্তীকালে সংসদ ভাংগিয়া না যাওয়া পর্যন্ত পঞ্চাশটি আসন কেবল মহিলা-সদস্যদের জন্য সংরক্ষিত থাকিবে এবং তাঁহারা আইনানুযায়ী পূর্বোক্ত সদস্যদের দ্বারা সংসদে আনুপাতিক প্রতিনিধিত্ব পদ্ধতির ভিত্তিতে একক হস্তান্তরযোগ্য ভোটের মাধ্যমে নির্বাচিত হইবেন:
তবে শর্ত থাকে যে, এই দফার কোন কিছুই এই অনুচ্ছেদের (২) দফার অধীন কোন আসনে কোন মহিলার নির্বাচন নিবৃত্ত করিবে না।
(৩ক) সংবিধান (পঞ্চদশ সংশোধন) আইন, ২০১১ প্রবর্তনকালে বিদ্যমান সংসদের অবশিষ্ট মেয়াদে এই অনুচ্ছেদের (২) দফায় বর্ণিত প্রত্যক্ষ নির্বাচনের মাধ্যমে নির্বাচিত তিন শত সদস্য এবং (৩) দফায় বর্ণিত পঞ্চাশ মহিলা-সদস্য লইয়া সংসদ গঠিত হইবে।
... (অনুচ্ছেদ ৬৫)
National level
- English
(1) The House of Representatives shall consist of a total of two hundred and seventy five members, as follows :-
(a) One hundred and sixty-five members to be elected through the first past the post electoral system, with one being elected from each of one hundred and sixty-five election constituencies delimited in Nepal on the basis of population and geographical convenience and specificity;
(b) One hundred and ten members to be elected through the proportional electoral system where voters vote for political parties, with the whole country being considered as a single election constituency.
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(8) Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Part, at least one third of the total number of members elected from each political party representing in the Federal Parliament shall be women. In case women are not so elected as to constitute one third of the elected members of any political party pursuant to subclause (a) of clause (1) and sub-clause (a) of clause (2) of Article 86, such political party must, in electing members under sub-clause (b) of clause (1), so elect that women members constitute at least one third of the total number of members elected to the Federal Parliament from that party.
… (Art. 84) - Nepali
(१) प्रमिमनमध सभामा देिाय बमोजजमका दईु सय पचित्तर सदस्य रिनेछनः–
(क) नेपाललाई भूगोल र जनसंख्याको आधारमा एक सय पैंसठ्ठी निर्वाचन क्षेत्र कायम गरी प्रत्येक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रबाट एकजना रहने गरी पहिलो हुने निर्वाचित हुने निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम निर्वाचित हुने एक सय पैंसठ्ठी सदस्य,
(ख) सम्पूर्ण देशलाई एक निर्वाचन क्षेत्र मानी राजनीतिक दललाई मत दिने समानुपातिक निर्वाचन प्रणाली बमोजिम निर्वाचित हुने एक सय दश सदस्य ।
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(८) यस भागमा अन्यत्र जुनसुकै कुरा लेखिएको भए तापनि संघीय संसदमा प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने प्रत्येक राजनीतिक दलबाट निर्वाचित कुल सदस्य संख्याको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला हुनु पर्नेछ । त्यसरी निर्वाचित गर्दा उपधारा (१) को खण्ड (क) र धारा ८६ को उपधारा (२) को खण्ड (क) बमोजिम निर्वाचित सदस्यहरू मध्ये कुनै राजनीतिक दलको एक तिहाइ सदस्य महिला निर्वाचित हुन नसकेमा त्यस्तो राजनीतिक दलले उपधारा (१) को खण्ड (ख) बमोजिम सदस्य निर्वाचित गर्दा आफ्नो दलबाट संघीय संसदमा निर्वाचित हुने कुल सदस्यको कम्तीमा एक तिहाइ महिला सदस्य हुने गरी निर्वाचित गर्नु पर्नेछ ।
... (धारा ८४)
National level
- English(1) The House of Representatives shall be composed of not more than two hundred and fifty members, unless otherwise fixed by law, who shall be elected from legislative districts apportioned among the provinces, cities, and the Metropolitan Manila area in accordance with the number of their respective inhabitants, and on the basis of a uniform and progressive ratio, and those who, as provided by law, shall be elected through a party-list system of registered national, regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.
(2) The party-list representatives shall constitute twenty per centum of the total number of representatives including those under the party list. For three consecutive terms after the ratification of this Constitution, one-half of the seats allocated to party-list representatives shall be filled, as provided by law, by selection or election from the labor, peasant, urban poor, indigenous cultural communities, women, youth, and such other sectors as may be provided by law, except the religious sector.
... (Art. VI, Sec. 5) - Filipino(1) Ang Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ay dapat buuin ng hindi hihigit sa dalawang daan at limampung kagawad matangi kung magtakda ang batas ng naiiba, na dapat ihalal mula sa mga purok pangkapulungan na pinag-ayaw-ayaw sa mga lalawigan, mga lungsod at Metropolitan Manila Area ayon sa rami ng kinauukulang mga naninirahan, at batay sa magkakatulad at paunlad na pagdami, at yaong ayon sa itinatadhana ng batas ay dapat ihalal sa pamamagitan ng sistemang partilist ng rehistradong partido o organisasyong pambansa, panrehiyon, at pansektor.
(2) Ang kinatawang partilist ay dapat na binubuo ng dalawampung porsyento ng lahat ng mga kagawad ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan. Sa loob ng tatlong magkakasunod na taning ng panunungkulan pagkaraang maratipikahan ang Konstitusyong ito, ang kalahati sa mga pwestong nakalaan sa mga kinatawang partilist ay dapat punan, ayon sa itinatadhana ng batas, sa pamamagitan ng pagpili o paghahalal mula sa sektor ng mga manggagawa, magsasaka, mahirap na tagalungsod, mga katutubong pamayanang pangkalinangan, mga kababaihan, kabataan at sa iba pang mga sektor na maaaring itadhana ng batas, maliban sa sektor na panrelihiyon.
... (Art. VI, Seksyon 5)
National level
- EnglishThe electoral system shall comply with the following principles
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(b) not more than two-thirds of the members of elective public bodies shall be of the same gender;
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(d) universal suffrage based on the aspiration for fair representation and equality of vote;
… (Art. 81) - SwahiliMfumo wa uchaguzi utazingatia kanuni zifuatazo
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(b) si zaidi ya theluthi mbili ya wajumbe wa vyombo vya umma vya kuchaguliwa watakuwa wa jinsia moja;
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(d) haki majumui ya kupiga kura kwa msingi wa matamanio ya uwakilishi wa haki na usawa wa kura;
… (Kifungu cha 81)
National level
- English
…
The State works towards consecrating parity between women and men in the elected assemblies.
… (Art. 51) - Arabic
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تسعى الدّولة إلى تحقيق التّناصف بين المرأة والرّجل في المجالس المنتخبة.
... (الفصل 51) - French
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L’État s’emploie à consacrer la parité entre la femme et l’homme dans les assemblées élues.
… (Art. 51)
National level
- EnglishAny law concerning the Political Parties must reserve in its structures and in its mechanisms of functioning a treatment in conformity with the principle of the quota of at least thirty percent (30%) of women as expressed in Article 17-1. (Art. 31-1-1)
- FrenchToute loi relative aux Partis politiques doit réserver dans ses structures et dans ses mécanismes de fonctionnement un traitement en conformité avec le principe du quota d’au moins trente pour cent (30%) de femmes exprimé à l’aritcle 17.1. (Art. 31.1.1)
National level
- English
(1) If at a general election which is contested by two or more political parties and in which only candidates of two parties are elected or in the eventuality of an election result as provided for in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of the proviso to sub-article (1) of article 52 and in the event that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex, elected by virtue of article 52, inclusive of those members elected at a casual election in terms of the relevant regulations, is less than forty per cent (40%) of all the Members of Parliament, then the number of Members of Parliament shall increase by not more than twelve (12) Members of the under-represented sex:
Provided that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of article 52 added to the members of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of this article shall not exceed forty per cent (40%) of the total number of elected Members of Parliament making up the House.
The candidates elected by virtue of this article are to be apportioned equally between the absolute majority party or the relative majority party and the minority party.
(2) Such candidate or candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex and who are candidates of the party or parties which shall be credited with the additional seats, and which were credited by the Electoral Commission at the last count with the highest or next higher number of votes without being elected, irrespective of the division in which such highest or next higher number of votes occur, shall be declared by the Electoral Commission as elected to fill the additional seats created by sub-article (1):
Provided that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached, following the application of the preceding sub-article, such candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex shall be declared by the Electoral Commission to be elected to fill the remaining additional seats created by this article who, being candidates of the party which is to be credited with the additional seats, were ranked on a national basis by the Electoral Commission with the highest or next higher number of percentage quota obtained on the basis of their respective final count vote before elimination in relation to the quota of the electoral division contested:
Provided further that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached as foreseen in this sub-article, the seats thereafter remaining vacant shall be filled by the co-option of a Member or Members by the House and such Member or Members shall be qualified to be elected as a Member of the House as established under article 53, shall not be subject to any disqualifications for membership of the House as provided under article 54 and shall belong to the under-represented sex.
(3) For the purpose of this article, elected and unelected candidates who are identified as gender-neutral persons in their official documentation, shall be counted with the under-represented sex.
(4) This article shall remain in force until the expiry of the period of twenty (20) years from the date of its coming into force, unless revoked or re-enacted with or without modification by means of an Act of Parliament according to the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. 52A) - Maltese
(1) Jekk f’elezzjoni ġenerali li tkun ikkontestata minn żewġ partiti politiċi jew aktar u li fiha l-kandidati ta’ żewġ partiti biss ikunu eletti jew f’każ ta’ riżultat ta’ elezzjoni kif provdut fis-subparagrafi (i) u (ii) tal-proviso tas-subartikolu (1) tal-artikolu 52 u fil-każ li n-numru ta’ Membri tal-Parlament tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52, inkluż dawk il-membri eletti f’elezzjoni każwali skont ir-regolamenti rilevanti, huwa inqas minn erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tal-Membri kollha tal-Parlament, allura n-numru ta’ Membri tal Parlament għandu jiżdied b’mhux aktar minn tnax (12)-il Membru tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat:
Iżda n-numru ta’ Membri Parlamentari tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52 miżjud mal-membri tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jaqbeż l-erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tan-numru totali ta’ Membri eletti tal-Parlament li jifforma l-Kamra.
Il-kandidati eletti bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu għandhom ikunu mqassma ugwalment bejn il-partit b’maġġoranza assoluta jew il partit b’maġġoranza relattiva u l-partit b’minoranza.
(2) Dak il-kandidat jew il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat u li jkunu kandidati tal-partit jew tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali, u li jkunu ġew akkreditati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali fl-aħħar għadd bl-ogħla jew bin-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli mingħajr ma jkunu ġew eletti, irrispettivament mid-distrett fejn jinkiseb dak l-ogħla jew in-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli, għandhom jiġu ddikjarati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bħala eletti biex jimlew is-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa mis-subartikolu (1):
Iżda f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx, wara l-applikazzjoni tas-subartikolu preċedenti, għandhom ikunu ddikjarati eletti mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali biex jimlew il-bqija tas-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa minn dan l-artikolu, dawk il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, li jkunu kandidati tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali u li ġew gradati fuq bażi nazzjonali mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bl-ogħla jew bin-numru li jmiss l-aktar għoli ta’ kwota perċentwali miksuba fuq il-bażi tal-għadd finali tal-vot rispettiv tagħhom, qabel l-eliminazzjoni, b’rabta mal-kwota tad-distrett elettorali kkontestat:
Iżda wkoll f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx kif previst f’dan is-subartikolu, is-siġġijiet li jibqgħu vakanti għandhom jimtlew bl-għażla ta’ Membru jew Membri mill-Kamra u dak il-Membru jew Membri għandhom ikunu kwalifikati biex ikunu eletti bħala Membru tal-Kamra kif stabbilit taħt l-artikolu 53, ma għandhomx ikunu soġġetti għal ebda skwalifika għas-sħubija fil-Kamra kif provdut taħt l-artikolu 54 u għandhom jappartjenu għas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(3) Għall-finijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, kandidati eletti jew li ma jkunux ġew eletti li huma identifikati bħala newtrali fir-rigward tal-ġeneru fid-dokumentazzjoni uffiċjali, għandhom jingħaddu mas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(4) Dan l-artikolu għandu jibqa’ fis-seħħ sal-iskadenza tal-perjodu ta’ għoxrin (20) sena mid-data li jidħol fis-seħħ, sakemm ma jiġix imħassar jew imdaħħal mill-ġdid bi jew mingħajr modifika permezz ta’ Att tal-Parlament skont id-dispożizzjonijiet ta’ din il-Kostituzzjoni. (Art. 52A)
National level
- English1. The electoral systems provided for in Article 47 for the election of President, Member of Parliament or councillor shall ensure—
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d. gender equity in the National Assembly or council.
… (Art. 45)
National level
- English
...
For the case of the functionaries elected by popular vote through closed lists proposed by the political parties under the principle of proportionality, Deputies before the National Assembly, Deputies to the Central American Parliament, Municipal Concejales [Aldermen], Regional Concejales, the lists of candidates must be composed of fifty percent of men and fifty percent of women, ordered in equitable form and presented [in] alternate form; the same ratio of gender must be maintained between proprietary members [proprietarios] and substitutes when they exist [donde los hubiere].
... (Art. 131) - Spanish
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Para el caso de los funcionarios electos mediante el voto popular por listas cerradas propuestas por los partidos políticos bajo el principio de la proporcionalidad, Diputados ante la Asamblea Nacional, Diputados al Parlamento Centroamericano, Concejales Municipales, Consejales Regionales, las listas de candidatos deberán estar integrados por un cincuenta por ciento de hombres y un cincuenta por ciento de mujeres, ordenados de forma equitativa y presentados de forma alterna; igual relación de género deberán mantener entre propietarios y suplentes donde los hubiere.
... (Art. 131)
National level
- English
The provisions of the first paragraph of Article 102 shall apply as of the next legislative chapter. (Art. 244bis)
- Arabic
يسري حكم الفقرة الأولى من المادة (102) المعدلة اعتباراً من الفصل التشريعي التالي للفصل القائم. (المادّة 244مكرراً)