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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- English
(1) The Grand Duke is the Head of the State.
He represents the State. He is the symbol of the national unity and independence.
...
(2) The Grand Duke has no other powers than those conferred upon him by the Constitution and the laws.
He exercises jointly with the Government the executive power.
... (Art. 44) - French
(1) Le Grand-Duc est le Chef de l’État.
Il représente l’État. Il est le symbole de l’unité et de l’indépendance nationales.
...
(2) Le Grand-Duc n’a d’autres attributions que celles que lui accordent la Constitution et les lois.
Il exerce conjointement avec le Gouvernement le pouvoir exécutif.
... (Art. 44)
Head of State
- English1. The Head of State shall be appointed by the Legislative Assembly acting on the recommendation of the party or parties in Government.
2. A person shall not be qualified to be appointed to the office of Head of State
a. if he is not a person qualified to be elected as a Member of Parliament; or
b. if he does not possess such other qualifications as the Legislative Assembly may determine from time to time by resolution; or
… (Art. 18) - Samoan(1) O Le Ao o le Malo, o le a tofia e le Fono Aoao Faitulafono, i le faia i luga o le fautuaga a le vaega faaupufai po o ni vaega faaupufai o pulea le Malo.
(2) O le a le tauagavaaina se tasi ina ia tofia i le tofi o le Ao o le Malo:
(a) pe afai e le o ia o se tasi e tauagavaaina ina ia tofia e avea ma se Sui Usufono o le Palemene; po o
(e) afai e le ia te ia nisi uiga agavaa e pei ona o le a fuafua-tatauina e le Fono Aoao Faitulafono mai lea vaitaimi i lea vaitaimi i se iugafono; po o
… (Mataupu 18)
Head of State
- English
The King or Queen who occupies the throne of Sweden in accordance with the Act of Succession is the Head of State. (Instrument of Government, Chapter 1, Art. 5)
- Swedish
Konungen eller drottning som enligt successionsordningen innehar Sveriges tron är rikets statschef. (Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform, 1 kap, 5§)
Head of State
- English(1) The president of the republic is the head of state.
(2) The president of the republic is elected directly in a national popular vote.
… (1993 Constitution, Art. 54) - Czech(1) Prezident republiky je hlavou státu.
(2) Prezident republiky je volen v přímých volbách.
… (Ústava 1993, Čl. 54)
Head of State
- English(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of section 229, the Ndlovukazi is traditionally the mother of the King and iNgwenyama and is appointed in accordance with Eswatini law and custom.(2) Until the King and iNgwenyama has been installed, that is to say, until he has publicly assumed the functions and responsibilities of the King and iNgwenyama in accordance with this Constitution and Eswatini law and custom, or during any period when he is by reason of absence from Eswatini or any other cause unable to perform the functions of his office, those functions shall be performed, save as otherwise provided in this Constitution, by the Ndlovukazi acting as Queen Regent.… (Sec. 7)
Head of State
- English1. There shall be a President who shall –
a. be the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of Mauritius;
…
2. a. The President shall
i. be elected by the Assembly on a motion made by the Prime Minister and supported by the votes of a majority of all the members of the Assembly;
…
3. No person shall be eligible for election to the office of President unless he is a citizen of Mauritius who is not less than 40 years of age and has resided in Mauritius for a period of not less than 5 years immediately preceding the election.
… (Sec. 28)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of—
(a) the elected members of both Houses of Parliament; and
(b) the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (Art. 54) - Hindiराष्ट्रपति का निर्वाचन ऐसे निर्वाचकगण के सदस्य करेंगे जिसमें—
(क) संसद के दोनों सदनों के निर्वाचित सदस्य; और
(ख) राज्यों की विधान सभाओं के निर्वाचित सदस्य होंगे। (अनुच्छेद 54)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of Turkmenistan shall be elected directly by the people of Turkmenistan for a period of seven years, and shall enter office on taking the oath.The procedure for electing the President of Turkmenistan and his assumption of office shall be determined by law. (Art. 70)
- RussianПрезидент Туркменистана избирается непосредственно народом Туркменистана сроком на семь лет и вступает в должность с момента принесения им присяги.Порядок избрания Президента Туркменистана и вступления его в должность определяется законом. (Статья 70)
- TurkmenTürkmenistanyň Prezidenti Türkmenistanyň halky tarapyndan gös-göni ýedi ýyl möhlete saýlanýar we kasam kabul eden pursadyndan öz wezipesine girişýär.Türkmenistanyň Prezidentini saýlamagyň we onuň öz wezipesine girişmeginiň tertibi kanun bilen kesgitlenýär. (70-nji madda)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President and Vice-President of the People’s Republic of China are elected by the National People’s Congress.
Citizens of the People’s Republic of China who have the right to vote and to stand for election and who have reached the age of 45 are eligible for election as President or Vice-President of the People’s Republic of China.
… (Art. 79) - Chinese中华人民共和国主席、副主席由全国人民代表大会选举。
有选举权和被选举权的年满四十五周岁的中华人民共和国公民可以被选为中华人民共和国主席、副主席。
… (第七十九条)
Head of State
- EnglishIn order to be eligible as President or Vice-President of the Republic, it is necessary:
1. To be Panamanian by birth;
2. To have reached thirty-five years of age. (Art. 179) - SpanishPara ser Presidente o Vicepresidente de la República se requiere:
1. Ser panameño por nacimiento.
2. Haber cumplido treinta y cinco años de edad. (Art. 179)