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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
National level
- English
(1) An Act of Parliament must provide for the conduct of elections and referendums to which this Constitution applies, and in particular for the following matters—
…
(d) a system of proportional representation for the election of persons to the seats in the Senate referred to in section 120(1)(a) and the seats reserved for women in the National Assembly referred to in section 124(1)(b), and the procedure for filling vacancies in those seats, which vacancies must be filled by persons—
(i) belonging to the same political parties as those who previously held the seats; and
(ii) of the same gender as the persons who previously held the seats;
…
(2) The system of proportional representation provided for in terms of subsection (1)(d) must ensure equal representation of women among the Senators referred to in section 120(1)(a).
… (Sec. 157)
National level
- English
(1) If at a general election which is contested by two or more political parties and in which only candidates of two parties are elected or in the eventuality of an election result as provided for in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of the proviso to sub-article (1) of article 52 and in the event that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex, elected by virtue of article 52, inclusive of those members elected at a casual election in terms of the relevant regulations, is less than forty per cent (40%) of all the Members of Parliament, then the number of Members of Parliament shall increase by not more than twelve (12) Members of the under-represented sex:
Provided that the number of Members of Parliament of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of article 52 added to the members of the under-represented sex elected by virtue of this article shall not exceed forty per cent (40%) of the total number of elected Members of Parliament making up the House.
The candidates elected by virtue of this article are to be apportioned equally between the absolute majority party or the relative majority party and the minority party.
(2) Such candidate or candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex and who are candidates of the party or parties which shall be credited with the additional seats, and which were credited by the Electoral Commission at the last count with the highest or next higher number of votes without being elected, irrespective of the division in which such highest or next higher number of votes occur, shall be declared by the Electoral Commission as elected to fill the additional seats created by sub-article (1):
Provided that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached, following the application of the preceding sub-article, such candidates belonging to the underrepresented sex shall be declared by the Electoral Commission to be elected to fill the remaining additional seats created by this article who, being candidates of the party which is to be credited with the additional seats, were ranked on a national basis by the Electoral Commission with the highest or next higher number of percentage quota obtained on the basis of their respective final count vote before elimination in relation to the quota of the electoral division contested:
Provided further that in the event that the number of candidates established under this article is not reached as foreseen in this sub-article, the seats thereafter remaining vacant shall be filled by the co-option of a Member or Members by the House and such Member or Members shall be qualified to be elected as a Member of the House as established under article 53, shall not be subject to any disqualifications for membership of the House as provided under article 54 and shall belong to the under-represented sex.
(3) For the purpose of this article, elected and unelected candidates who are identified as gender-neutral persons in their official documentation, shall be counted with the under-represented sex.
(4) This article shall remain in force until the expiry of the period of twenty (20) years from the date of its coming into force, unless revoked or re-enacted with or without modification by means of an Act of Parliament according to the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. 52A) - Maltese
(1) Jekk f’elezzjoni ġenerali li tkun ikkontestata minn żewġ partiti politiċi jew aktar u li fiha l-kandidati ta’ żewġ partiti biss ikunu eletti jew f’każ ta’ riżultat ta’ elezzjoni kif provdut fis-subparagrafi (i) u (ii) tal-proviso tas-subartikolu (1) tal-artikolu 52 u fil-każ li n-numru ta’ Membri tal-Parlament tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52, inkluż dawk il-membri eletti f’elezzjoni każwali skont ir-regolamenti rilevanti, huwa inqas minn erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tal-Membri kollha tal-Parlament, allura n-numru ta’ Membri tal Parlament għandu jiżdied b’mhux aktar minn tnax (12)-il Membru tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat:
Iżda n-numru ta’ Membri Parlamentari tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa tal-artikolu 52 miżjud mal-membri tas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat elett bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu ma għandux jaqbeż l-erbgħin fil-mija (40%) tan-numru totali ta’ Membri eletti tal-Parlament li jifforma l-Kamra.
Il-kandidati eletti bis-saħħa ta’ dan l-artikolu għandhom ikunu mqassma ugwalment bejn il-partit b’maġġoranza assoluta jew il partit b’maġġoranza relattiva u l-partit b’minoranza.
(2) Dak il-kandidat jew il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat u li jkunu kandidati tal-partit jew tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali, u li jkunu ġew akkreditati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali fl-aħħar għadd bl-ogħla jew bin-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli mingħajr ma jkunu ġew eletti, irrispettivament mid-distrett fejn jinkiseb dak l-ogħla jew in-numru ta’ voti li jmiss l-aktar għoli, għandhom jiġu ddikjarati mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bħala eletti biex jimlew is-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa mis-subartikolu (1):
Iżda f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx, wara l-applikazzjoni tas-subartikolu preċedenti, għandhom ikunu ddikjarati eletti mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali biex jimlew il-bqija tas-siġġijiet addizzjonali maħluqa minn dan l-artikolu, dawk il-kandidati li jagħmlu parti mis-sess l-inqas rappreżentat, li jkunu kandidati tal-partiti li għandhom jiġu akkreditati bis-siġġijiet addizzjonali u li ġew gradati fuq bażi nazzjonali mill-Kummissjoni Elettorali bl-ogħla jew bin-numru li jmiss l-aktar għoli ta’ kwota perċentwali miksuba fuq il-bażi tal-għadd finali tal-vot rispettiv tagħhom, qabel l-eliminazzjoni, b’rabta mal-kwota tad-distrett elettorali kkontestat:
Iżda wkoll f’każ li n-numru ta’ kandidati stabbiliti taħt dan l-artikolu ma jintlaħaqx kif previst f’dan is-subartikolu, is-siġġijiet li jibqgħu vakanti għandhom jimtlew bl-għażla ta’ Membru jew Membri mill-Kamra u dak il-Membru jew Membri għandhom ikunu kwalifikati biex ikunu eletti bħala Membru tal-Kamra kif stabbilit taħt l-artikolu 53, ma għandhomx ikunu soġġetti għal ebda skwalifika għas-sħubija fil-Kamra kif provdut taħt l-artikolu 54 u għandhom jappartjenu għas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(3) Għall-finijiet ta’ dan l-artikolu, kandidati eletti jew li ma jkunux ġew eletti li huma identifikati bħala newtrali fir-rigward tal-ġeneru fid-dokumentazzjoni uffiċjali, għandhom jingħaddu mas-sess l-inqas rappreżentat.
(4) Dan l-artikolu għandu jibqa’ fis-seħħ sal-iskadenza tal-perjodu ta’ għoxrin (20) sena mid-data li jidħol fis-seħħ, sakemm ma jiġix imħassar jew imdaħħal mill-ġdid bi jew mingħajr modifika permezz ta’ Att tal-Parlament skont id-dispożizzjonijiet ta’ din il-Kostituzzjoni. (Art. 52A)
National level
- English(1) The Senate consists of—
…
(b) sixteen women members who shall be nominated by political parties according to their proportion of members of the Senate elected under clause (a) in accordance with Article 90;
(c) two members, being one man and one woman, representing the youth;
(d) two members, being one man and one woman, representing persons with disabilities;
… (Art. 98) - Swahili(1) Bunge la Seneti linajumuisha—
...
(b) wajumbe wanawake kumi na sita watakaoteuliwa na vyama vya siasa kulingana na idadi yao ya wajumbe wa Seneti waliochaguliwa chini ya ibara ya (a) kwa mujibu wa Kifungu cha 90;
(c) wajumbe wawili, mmoja akiwa mwanaume na mmoja mwanamke, wakiwawakilisha vijana;
(d) wajumbe wawili, mmoja akiwa mwanaume anayewakilisha watu wenye ulemavu;
… (Kifungu cha 98)
National level
- EnglishMembers of the House of People shall be elected by the people through free, general, secret, and direct balloting. ... The elections law shall adopt measures to attain, through the electorate system, general and fair representation for all the people of the country, and proportionate to the population of every province, on average, at least two females shall be the elected members of the House of People from each province. (Art. 83)
- Dariاعضای ولسی جرگه توسط مردم از طریق انتخابات آزاد، عمومی، سری و مستقیم انتخاب می گردند. ... در قانون انتخابات باید تدابیری اتخاذ گردد كه نظام انتخاباتی، نمایندگی عمومی و عادلانه را برای تمام مردم كشور تأمین نماید و به تناسب نفوس از هر ولایت طور اوسط حداقل دو وكیل زن در ولسی جرگه عضویت یابد. (مادۀ ۸۳)
- Pashtoد ولسي جرگې غړي د خلكو د آزادو، عمومي، پټو او مستقيمو انتخاباتو له لارې انتخابېږي. د انتخاباتو په قانون كې بايد داسې تدبيرونه ونيول شي چې انتخاباتي نظام د افغانستان د ټولو خلكو لپاره عمومي او عادلانه استازيتوب تأمين كړي او د نفوسو په تناسب دې له هر ولايت څخه په اوسط ډول لږ تر لږه دوه ښځينه وكيلې په ولسي جرگه كې غړيتوب تر لاسه كړي. (۸۳ ماده)
National level
- English
(1) The National Assembly shall be a permanent House.
(2) The National Assembly shall consist of fifty-nine members as follows: -
(a) Fifty six elected members consisting of at least three women, one Dalit and one from persons with disabilities or minorities, from each Province by an electoral college consisting of members of the Provincial Assembly, chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of the Rural Municipalities, and Mayors and Deputy-Mayors of the Municipalities, with different weightage of vote by members of the Provincial Assembly, chairpersons and vice-chairpersons of the Rural Municipalities, and Mayors and Deputy-Mayors of the Municipalities, as provided for in the federal law,
(b) Three members consisting of at least one woman nominated by the President on the recommendation of the Government of Nepal.
… (Art. 86) - Nepali
(१) राष्ट्रिय सभा एक स्थायी सदन हुनेछ ।
(२) राष्ट्रिय सभामा देहाय बमोजिमका उनान्साठी सदस्य रहनेछन्ः–
(क) प्रदेश सभाका सदस्य, गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष र उपाध्यक्ष तथा नगरपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुख रहेको निर्वाचकद्धट मण्डलद्वारा संघीय कानून बमोजिम प्रदेश सभाका सदस्य, गाउँपालिकाका अध्यक्ष र उपाध्यक्ष तथा नगरपालिकाका प्रमुख र उपप्रमुखको मतको भार फरक हुने गरी प्रत्येक प्रदेशबाट कम्तीमा तीन जना महिला, एक जना दलित र एक जना अपांगता भएका व्यक्ति वा अल्पसंख्यक सहित आठ जना गरी निर्वाचित छपन्न जना,
(ख) नेपाल सरकारको सिफारिसमा राष्ट्रपतिबाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा एक जना महिला सहित तीन जना ।
... (धारा ८६)
National level
- EnglishThe National Assembly is composed of at least one hundred Deputies on the basis of 60% of Hutu and of 40% of Tutsi, including a minimum of 30% of women, elected by universal direct suffrage for a mandate of five years[,] and of three Deputies originating from the Twa ethnicity co-opted in accordance with the electoral code.
In the case where the results of the vote do not reflect the percentages above specified [visés], it [then] proceeds to redress the corresponding [afférents] disequilibrium by means of the mechanism of co-optation provided for by the electoral code.
The number of candidates to be elected per circumscription is established by the electoral law proportionally to the population. (Art. 169) - KirundiInarna nshingamateka igizwe n’imiburiburi n’abashingamateka ijana barimwo 60 % b’abahutu na 40 % b’abatutsi, bose hamwe harimwo n’imiburiburi abashingamateka b’abakenyezi 30 % batowe n’abanyagihugu bagatorerwa ikiringo c’imyaka itanu harimwo n’abashingamateka batatu b’Abatwa bongeweko nk’uko Ibwirizwa rigenga amatora ribitegekanya.
Iyo biboneka ko mu vyavuye mu matora ibitigiri bivugwa mu korongo ka mbere k’iyi ngingo bitashitse, birakosorwa biciye mu buryo bwo kugena abandi bashingamateka nk’uko Ibwirizwa rigenga amatora ribitegekanya.
Igitigiri c’abashingamateka batorwa mu ntara imwe imwe gishingwa n’Ibwirizwa bafatiye ku gitigiri c’abanyagihugu baba muri iyo ntara. (Ingingo ya 169) - FrenchL’Assemblée nationale est composée d’au moins cent députés à raison de 60% de Hutu et de 40% de Tutsi, y compris un minimum de 30% de femmes, élus au suffrage universel direct pour un mandat de cinq ans et de trois députés issus de l’ethnie Twa cooptés conformément au code électoral.
Au cas où les résultats du vote ne reflètent pas les pourcentages sus-visés, il est procédé au redressement des déséquilibres y afférents au moyen du mécanisme de cooptation prévu par le code électoral.
Le nombre de candidats à élire par circonscription est fixé par la loi électorale proportionnellement à la population. (Art. 169)
National level
- English…
(2) The participation of women is not be less than 40% of the membership of the Transitional Legislative Council;
… (Art. 23) - Arabic...
لا تقل نسبة مشاركة النساء عن 40% من عضوية المجلس التشريعي الإنتقالي.
(الماده 24)
National level
- English1. The electoral systems provided for in Article 47 for the election of President, Member of Parliament or councillor shall ensure—
…
d. gender equity in the National Assembly or council.
… (Art. 45)
National level
- English…
(6) When a seat reserved for women or non-Muslims in the National Assembly or a Provincial Assembly falls vacant, on account of death, resignation or disqualification of a member, it shall be filled by the next person in order of precedence from the party list of the candidates to be submitted to the Election Commission by the political party whose member has vacated such seat.
Provided that if at any time the party list is exhausted, the concerned political party may submit a name for any vacancy which may occur thereafter. (Art. 224) - Urdu...
(۶) جب قومی اسمبلی یا کسی صوبائی اسمبلی میں خواتین اور غیر مسلموں کے لئے مختص نشست، موت کی وجہ سے، استعفی یا رکن کی نا اہلیت کی بنا پر خالی ہو گئ ہو ، تو اسے اس سیاسی جماعت کی طرف سے جس کے رکن کی موت کی وجہ سے وہ نشست خالی ہوئی، کی جانب سے الیکشن کمیشن کو امید واران کی داخل کردہ فہرست میں سے بلحاظ اگلے مقدم ترین شخص سے پر کی جائے گی؛
مگر شرط یہ ہے کہ ااگر کسی بھی وقت پر جماعتی فہرست ختم ہو جائے تو، متعلقہ سیاسی جماعت کسی آ سامی کے لیے نام پیش کرے گی جو کہ اس کے بعد آئے۔ (آرٹیکل ۲۲۴)
National level
- English(1) The Senate shall consist of not more than thirty-one members (in this Constitution referred to as “Senators”) who shall be elected or appointed in accordance with this section.(2) Ten Senators, at least half of whom shall be female, shall be elected by the members of the House in such manner as may be prescribed by or under any law at their first meeting so as to represent a cross-section of the Eswatini society.(3) Twenty Senators, at least eight of whom shall be female, shall be appointed by the King acting in his discretion after consultation with such bodies as the King may deem appropriate.(4) The Senators appointed in terms of subsection (3) shall be persons who, in the opinion of the King –(a) are able by reason of their special knowledge or practical experience to represent economic, social, cultural/traditional or marginalized interests not already adequately represented in Parliament; or(b) are by reason of their particular merit, able to contribute substantially to the good government and progressive development of Eswatini. (Sec. 94)