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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Political Rights and Association
Viet Nam
- EnglishEvery citizen who reaches the age of eighteen has the right to vote.
Every citizen who reaches the age of twenty-one has the right to stand for election to the National Assembly or People’s Councils. The exercise of those rights shall be prescribed by a law. (Art. 27) - VietnameseCông dân đủ mười tám tuổi trở lên có quyền bầu cử và đủ hai mươi mốt tuổi trở lên có quyền ứng cử vào Quốc hội, Hội đồng nhân dân.
Việc thực hiện các quyền này do luật định. (Điều 27)
Political Rights and Association
India
- EnglishThere shall be one general electoral roll for every territorial constituency for election to either House of Parliament or to the House or either House of the Legislature of a State and no person shall be ineligible for inclusion in any such roll or claim to be included in any special electoral roll for any such constituency on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or any of them. (Art. 325)
- Hindiसंसद के प्रत्येक सदन या किसी राज्य के विधान-मंडल के सदन या प्रत्येक सदन के लिए निर्वाचन के लिए प्रत्येक प्रादेशिक निर्वाचन-क्षेत्र के लिए एक साधारण निर्वाचक-नामावली होगी और केवल धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग या इनमें से किसी के आधार पर कोई व्यक्ति ऐसी किसी नामावली में सम्मिलित किए जाने के लिए अपात्र नहीं होगा या ऐसे किसी निर्वाचन-क्षेत्र के लिए किसी विशेष निर्वाचक-नामावली में सम्मिलित किए जाने का दावा नहीं करेगा। (अनुच्छेद 325)
Political Rights and Association
Sri Lanka
- EnglishNo person shall be qualified to be an elector at an election of the President, or of the Members of Parliament or to vote at any Referendum, if he is subject to any of the following disqualifications, namely –
(a) if he is not a citizen of Sri Lanka;
(b) if he has not attained the age of eighteen years on the qualifying date specified by law under the provisions of Article 101;
(c) if he is under any law in force in Sri Lanka found or declared to be of unsound mind;
… (Art. 89) - Sinhala(අ) යම්කිසි තැනැත්තෙක් ශ්රී ලංකාවේ පුරවැසියෙක් නොවේ නම්,
(ආ) යම්කිසි තැනැත්තෙක් 101 වැනි ව්යවස්ථාවේ විධිවිධාන යටතේ නීතියෙන් නිශ්චය කොට ඇති සුදුසුකම් ලැබීමේ දිනයේ දී අටළොස් විය සම්පූර්ණ කර නොමැති නම්,
(ඇ) යම්කිසි තැනැත්තෙක් සිහිවිකල තැනැත්තකු ලෙස ශ්රී ලංකාවේ බලපවත්නා යම්කිසි නීතියක් යටතේ තීරණය කරනු ලැබ සිටී නම් හෝ විනිශ්චය කරනු ලැබ සිටී නම්
– ඒ තැනැත්තා ජනාධිපතිවරයා තෝරා පත් කිරීමේ ඡන්ද විමසීමක දී හෝ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්රීවරයන් තෝරා පත් කිරීමේ මැතිවරණයක දී හෝ ඡන්ද හිමියකු වීමට හෝ ජනමත විචාරණයක දී ඡන්දය දීමට හෝ සුදුස්සෙක් නොවන්නේ ය.
… (89 වැනි වගන්තිය)
Political Rights and Association
Yemen
- EnglishThe state shall guarantee equal opportunities for all citizens in the fields of political, economic, social and cultural activities and shall enact the necessary laws for the realization thereof. (Art. 24)
- Arabicتكفل الدولة تكافؤ الفرص لجميع المواطنين سياسياً واقتصادياً واجتماعياً وثقافياً وتصدر القوانين لتحقيق ذلك. (المادّة 24)
Political Rights and Association
Armenia
- EnglishElections of the National Assembly and community councils, as well as referenda shall be carried out on the basis of universal, equal, free, and direct suffrage, by secret vote. (Art. 7)
- ArmenianԱզգային ժողովի և համայնքների ավագանիների ընտրությունները, ինչպես նաև հանրաքվեներն անցկացվում են ընդհանուր, հավասար, ազատ և ուղղակի ընտրական իրավունքի հիման վրա՝ գաղտնի քվեարկությամբ: (Հոդված 7)
Political Rights and Association
Malaysia
- English(1) Every citizen who—
(a) has attained the age of eighteen years on the qualifying date;
(b) is resident in a constituency on such qualifying date or, if not so resident, is an absent voter; and
(c) is, under the provisions of any law relating to elections, registered in the electoral roll as an elector in the constituency in which he resides on the qualifying date,
is entitled to vote in that constituency in any election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative Assembly unless he is disqualified under Clause (3) or under any law relating to offences committed in connection with elections; but no person shall in the same election vote in more than one constituency. (Art. 119) - Malay(1) Tiap-tiap warganegara yang—
(a) telah mencapai umur lapan belas tahun pada tarikh kelayakan;
(b) bermastautin di dalam sesuatu bahagian pilihan raya pada tarikh kelayakan yang sedemikian atau, jika tidak bermastautin sedemikian, ialah seorang pengundi tidak hadir; dan
(c) didaftarkan, di bawah peruntukan mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan pilihan raya, dalam daftar pemilih sebagai pemilih dalam bahagian pilihan raya tempat dia bermastautin pada tarikh kelayakan,
berhak mengundi di dalam bahagian pilihan raya itu dalam mana-mana pilihan raya ke Dewan Rakyat atau Dewan Undangan melainkan jika dia hilang kelayakan di bawah Fasal (3) atau di bawah mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan kesalahan yang dilakukan berkaitan dengan pilihan raya; tetapi tiada seorang pun boleh mengundi dalam pilihan raya yang sama di dalam lebih daripada satu bahagian pilihan raya. (Perkara 119)
Political Rights and Association
Palestine
- EnglishPalestinians shall have the right to participate in political life, both individually and in groups. They shall have the following rights in particular:
1. To form, establish and join political parties in accordance with the law.
…
3. To vote, to nominate candidates and to run as candidates for election, in order to have representatives elected through universal suffrage in accordance with the law.
4. To hold public office and positions, in accordance with the principle of equal opportunities.
… (Art. 26) - Arabicللفلسطينيين حقّ المشاركة في الحياة السياسيّة أفرادا و جماعات ولهم على وجه الخصوص الحقوق الآتية:
1- تشكيل الأحزاب السياسية و الانضمام إليها وفقا للقانون.
...
3- التّصويت و الترشيح في الانتخابات لاختيار ممثلين منهم يتم انتخابهم بالاقتراع العام وفقا للقانون.
4- تقلّد المناصب و الوظائف العامة على قاعدة تكافؤ الفرص.
... (المادّة 26)
Political Rights and Association
Thailand
- EnglishNational reform in various areas shall be carried out to at least achieve the following results:
a. Politics:
1. ensuring that people have correct knowledge and understanding on the democratic regime of government with the King as Head of State, that people participate in the organisation of political activities as well as the scrutiny of exercise of State powers, that they are able to tolerate different bona fide political views, and that the people exercise the right to vote in an election and in a referendum independently and free from influence by any mean;
...
4. having a mechanism that requires persons holding political positions to perform duties with integrity and to be held accountable to the public in the performance of their duties;
... (Sec. 258) - Thaiให้ดําเนินการปฏิรูปประเทศในด้านต่างๆ ให้เกิดผลดังต่อไปนี้
ก. ด้านการเมือง
(๑) ให้ประชาชนมีความรู้ความเข้าใจที่ถูกต้องเกี่ยวกับการปกครองในระบอบประชาธิปไตยอันมีพระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเป็นประมุข มีส่วนร่วมในการดําเนินกิจกรรมทางการเมืองรวมตลอดทั้งการตรวจสอบ การใช้อํานาจรัฐ รู้จักยอมรับในความเห็นทางการเมืองโดยสุจริตที่แตกต่างกัน และให้ประชาชนใช้สิทธิเลือกตั้งและออกเสียงประชามติโดยอิสระปราศจากการครอบงําไม่ว่าด้วยทางใด
...
(๔) มีกลไกที่กําหนดให้ผู้ดํารงตําแหน่งทางการเมืองจะต้องปฏิบัติหน้าที่ด้วยความซื่อสัตย์สุจริต และรับผิดชอบต่อประชาชนในการปฏิบัติหน้าที่ของตน
... (มาตรา ๒๕๘)
Political Rights and Association
Philippines
- EnglishSuffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage. (Art. V, Sec. 1)
- FilipinoAng karapatan sa halal ay maaaring gampanan ng lahat ng mga mamamayan ng Pilipinas na hindi inalisan ng karapatan ng batas, na labingwalong taong gulang man lamang, at nakapanirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng isang taon man lamang, at anim na buwan man lamang sa lugar na kanilang bobotohan kagyat bago maghalalan. Walang dapat ipataw na literasi, ariarian o iba pang substantibong kinakailangan sa pagganap ng karapatan sa halal. (Art. V, Seksyon 1)
Political Rights and Association
Timor-Leste
- English1. Everyone is guaranteed freedom of association provided that the association is not intended to promote violence and is in accordance with the law.
… (Sec. 43) - Tetum1. Ema hotu-hotu hetan liberdade ba asosiasaun, ho hanoin ida ne’ebé la hala’o violénsia no halo tuir lei haruka.
… (Art. 43) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantida a liberdade de associação, desde que não se destine a promover a violência e seja conforme com a lei.
… (Art. 43)