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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishSupreme political authority in Estonia is vested in the people who, through citizens eligible to vote, exercise it:
1) in elections of the Riigikogu;
2) in referendums. (Sec. 56) - EstonianKõrgeimat riigivõimu teostab rahvas hääleõiguslike kodanike kaudu:
1) Riigikogu valimisega;
2) rahvahääletusega. (§ 56)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishEvery citizen on reaching 18 years of age acquires the right to vote. The right to vote is equal, universal and direct, and is exercised at free elections by secret ballot.
… (Art. 22) - MacedonianСекој граѓанин со наполнети 18 години живот стекнува избирачко право. Избирачкото право е еднакво, општо и непосредно и се остварува на слободни избори со тајно гласање.
… (Член 22)
Political Rights and Association
- English
Citizens of the Republic of Belarus shall have the right to participate in public affairs both directly and through freely elected representatives.
The direct participation of citizens in the management of the affairs of society and the State is ensured by holding referendums, discussing draft laws, other normative legal acts and issues of national and local importance, and by other means defined by law.
… (Art. 37) - Belarusian
Грамадзяне Рэспублікі Беларусь маюць права ўдзельнічаць у вырашэнні дзяржаўных спраў як непасрэдна, так і праз свабодна выбранных прадстаўнікоў.
Непасрэдны ўдзел грамадзян у кіраванні справамі грамадства і дзяржавы забяспечваецца правядзеннем рэферэндумаў, абмеркаваннем праектаў законаў і пытанняў рэспубліканскага і мясцовага значэння, іншымі вызначанымі законам спосабамі.
… (Артыкул 37) - Russian
Граждане Республики Беларусь имеют право участвовать в решении государственных дел как непосредственно, так и через свободно избранных представителей.
Непосредственное участие граждан в управлении делами общества и государства обеспечивается проведением референдумов, обсуждением проектов законов и вопросов республиканского и местного значения, другими определенными законом способами.
... (Статья 37)
Political Rights and Association
- English1. Every Polish citizen having the right to vote, who, no later than on the day of the elections, has attained the age of 21 years, shall be eligible to be elected to the Sejm.
2. Every Polish citizen having the right to vote, who, no later than on the day of the elections, has attained the age of 30 years, shall be eligible to be elected to the Senate.
... (Art. 99) - Polish1. Wybrany do Sejmu może być obywatel polski mający prawo wybierania, który najpóźniej w dniu wyborów kończy 21 lat.
2. Wybrany do Senatu może być obywatel polski mający prawo wybierania, który najpóźniej w dniu wyborów kończy 30 lat.
... (Art. 99)
Political Rights and Association
- English... Equality of the rights of women and men shall be ensured by providing women with opportunities equal to those of men in public, political and cultural activities, in obtaining education and in professional training, in work and remuneration for it; by taking special measures for the protection of work and health of women; by establishing pension privileges; by creating conditions that make it possible for women to combine work and motherhood; by adopting legal protection, material and moral support of motherhood and childhood, including the provision of paid leave and other privileges to pregnant women and mothers. (Art. 24)
- Ukrainian... Рівність прав жінки і чоловіка забезпечується: наданням жінкам рівних з чоловіками можливостей у громадсько-політичній і культурній діяльності, у здобутті освіти і професійній підготовці, у праці та винагороді за неї; спеціальними заходами щодо охорони праці і здоров'я жінок, встановленням пенсійних пільг; створенням умов, які дають жінкам можливість поєднувати працю з материнством; правовим захистом, матеріальною і моральною підтримкою материнства і дитинства, включаючи надання оплачуваних відпусток та інших пільг вагітним жінкам і матерям. (Стаття 24)
Political Rights and Association
- English
(1) Every adult Hungarian citizen shall have the right to vote and to be voted for in elections of Members of the National Assembly, of local government representatives and mayors and of Members of the European Parliament.
…
(4) A cardinal Act may provide that only persons with domicile in Hungary may be granted the right or the full right to vote and to be voted for, and may specify further requirements for the eligibility to be voted for.
…
(7) Everyone having the right to vote in elections of Members of the National Assembly shall have the right to participate in national referendums. Everyone having the right to vote in elections of local government representatives and mayors shall have the right to participate in local referendums.
… (Freedom and Responsibility, Art. XXIII) - Hungarian
(1) Minden nagykorú magyar állampolgárnak joga van ahhoz, hogy az országgyűlési képviselők, a helyi önkormányzati képviselők és polgármesterek, valamint az európai parlamenti képviselők választásán választó és választható legyen.
…
(4) Sarkalatos törvény a választójogot vagy annak teljességét magyarországi lakóhelyhez, a választhatóságot további feltételekhez kötheti.
…
(7) Mindenkinek joga van országos népszavazáson részt venni, aki az országgyűlési képviselők választásán választó. Mindenkinek joga van helyi népszavazáson részt venni, aki a helyi önkormányzati képviselők és polgármesterek választásán választó.
… (Szabadság és Felelősség, XXIII. cikk)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe direct and active participation in political life by men and women is a condition for and a fundamental instrument in the consolidation of the democratic system, and the law must promote both equality in the exercise of civic and political rights and the absence of gender-based discrimination in access to political office. (Art. 109)
- PortugueseA participação directa e activa de homens e mulheres na vida política constitui condição e instrumento fundamental de consolidação do sistema democrático, devendo a lei promover a igualdade no exercício dos direitos cívicos e políticos e a não discriminação em função do sexo no acesso a cargos políticos. (Art. 109)
Political Rights and Association
- English(1) Eligibility is granted to all citizens having the right to vote, who meet the requirements in Article 16 paragraph (3), unless they are forbidden to join a political party, in accordance with Article 40 paragraph (3).
(2) Candidates must have turned, up to or on the election day, at least 23 years in order to be elected to the Chamber of Deputies or the bodies of local public administration, at least 33 years in order to be elected to the Senate, and at least 35 years in order to be elected to the office of President of Romania. (Art. 37) - Romanian(1) Au dreptul de a fi aleşi cetăţenii cu drept de vot care îndeplinesc condiţiile prevăzute în articolul 16 alineatul (3), dacă nu le este interzisă asocierea în partide politice, potrivit articolului 40 alineatul (3).
(2) Candidaţii trebuie să fi împlinit, până în ziua alegerilor inclusiv, vârsta de cel puţin 23 de ani pentru a fi aleşi în Camera Deputaţilor sau în organele administraţiei publice locale, vârsta de cel puţin 33 de ani pentru a fi aleşi în Senat şi vârsta de cel puţin 35 de ani pentru a fi aleşi în funcţia de Preşedinte al României. (Art. 37)
Political Rights and Association
- English
Any citizen shall have the right to freely establish political parties in order to contribute to the development of national policies through the democratic process. (Art. 49)
- Italian
Tutti i cittadini hanno diritto di associarsi liberamente in partiti per concorrere con metodo democratico a determinare la politica nazionale. (Art. 49)
Political Rights and Association
- English
...
All citizens shall have access to public services and elective posts, in accordance with the procedure laid down by law.
… (Art. 4) - Italian
…
Tutti i cittadini hanno diritto di accesso ai pubblici uffici ed alle cariche elettive, secondo le modalità stabilite dalla legge.
... (Art. 4)