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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Rights and Association
- English
National sovereignty resides in the People who exercise it through democratic instruments[,] deciding and participating freely in the construction and perfecting of the economic, political, cultural and social system of the nation. The people exercise the sovereign power through their representatives freely elected by universal, equal, direct and secret suffrage, barring any other individual or group of persons from arrogating this representation. It may be also exercised directly by means of the referendum and of the plebiscite. In the same way, it will be able to [podrd] exercise it through other direct mechanisms, such as the participative budgets, the citizen initiatives, the territorial Councils, the territorial and communal assemblies of the indigenous and Afro-descendant Peoples, the sectoral Councils, and other procedures [procedimientos] that this Constitution and the laws establish. (Art. 2)
- Spanish
La soberanía nacional reside en el pueblo y la ejerce a través de instrumentos democráticos decidiendo y participando libremente en la construcción y perfeccionamiento del sistema económico, político, cultural y social de la nación. El poder soberano lo ejerce el pueblo por medio de sus representantes libremente elegidos por sufragio universal, igual, directo y secreto, sin que ninguna otra persona o reunión de personas pueda arrogarse esta representación. También lo puede ejercer de forma directa a través del referéndum y el plebiscito. Asimismo, podrá ejercerlo a través de otros mecanismos directos, como los presupuestos participativos, las iniciativas ciudadanas, los Consejos territoriales, las asambleas territoriales y comunales de los pueblos originarios y afrodescendientes, los Consejos sectoriales, y otros procedimientos que se establezcan en la presente Constitución y las leyes. (Art. 2)
Political Rights and Association
- English(1) The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them.
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(3) Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public officials.
… (Art. 15) - Japanese1 公務員を選定し、及びこれを罷免することは、国民固有の権利である。
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3 公務員の選挙については、成年者による普通選挙を保障する。
... (第15条)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe national sovereignty belongs to the people who exercise it by means of universal suffrage, by their elected representatives or by way of referendum. No fraction of the people one fraction of the people, no body of the State or no individual may arrogate its exercise. (Art. 5)
- FrenchLa souveraineté nationale appartient au peuple qui l’exerce au moyen du suffrage universel, par ses représentants élus ou par voie de référendum. Aucune fraction du peuple, aucun corps de l’Etat ni aucun individu ne peut s’en attribuer l’exercice. (Art. 5)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe Law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to take part, personally or through their representatives, in its making.
… (1789 Declaration, Art. 6) - FrenchLa Loi est l'expression de la volonté générale. Tous les Citoyens ont droit de concourir personnellement, ou par leurs Représentants, à sa formation.
… (Déclaration 1789, Art. 6)
Political Rights and Association
- English(1) A person has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
(2) A person shall not except with the free consent of that person be hindered in the enjoyment of the freedom of peaceful assembly and association, that is to say, the right to assemble peacefully and associate freely with other persons for the promotion or protection of the interests of that person.
… (Sec. 25)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishAny citizen has the right to participate in the establishment, exercise, and control of political power. To make this right effective the citizen may:
1. Elect and be elected.
2. Participate in elections, plebiscites, referendums, popular consultations, and other forms of democratic participation.
3. Constitute parties, political movements and groups without any limitation; freely take part in them and disseminate their ideas and programs.
4. Revoke the mandate of those elected in the cases and in the form established by the Constitution and the law.
... (Art. 40) - SpanishTodo ciudadano tiene derecho a participar en la conformación, ejercicio y control del poder político. Para hacer efectivo este derecho puede:
1. Elegir y ser elegido.
2. Tomar parte en elecciones, plebiscitos, referendos, consultas populares y otras formas de participación democrática.
3. Constituir partidos, movimientos y agrupaciones políticas sin limitación alguna; formar parte de ellos libremente y difundir sus ideas y programas.
4. Revocar el mandato de los elegidos en los casos y en la forma que establecen la Constitución y la ley.
… (Art. 40)
Political Rights and Association
- EnglishThe Mozambican people shall exercise political power through elections of their representatives by universal, direct, equal and periodic suffrage and by secret ballot, through referenda on major national issues, and through the permanent democratic participation of citizens in the affairs of the nation. (Art. 73)
- PortugueseO povo moçambicano exerce o poder político através do sufrágio universal, directo, igual, secreto e periódico para a escolha dos seus representantes, por referendo sobre as grandes questões nacionais e pela permanente participação democrática dos cidadãos na vida da Nação. (Art. 73)
Political Rights and Association
- English
(1) Citizens shall have the right to participate in the administration of public affairs directly or by freely elected representatives.
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(3) The right to vote shall be exercised through equal, universal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The terms thereof shall be specified by law.
(4) All citizens shall have equal access to elected or public offices. (Art. 30) - Slovak
(1) Občania majú právo zúčastňovať sa na správe verejných vecí priamo alebo slobodnou voľbou svojich zástupcov.
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(3) Volebné právo je všeobecné, rovné a priame a vykonáva sa tajným hlasovaním. Podmienky výkonu volebného práva ustanoví zákon.
(4) Občania majú za rovnakých podmienok prístup k voleným a iným verejným funkciám. (Čl. 30)
Political Rights and Association
- English
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We, while approving this new Constitution, believe that true democracy will succeed only if political democracy is accompanied by an economic and social democracy, and this, by giving citizens the right to freely choose their representatives, to establish the accountability of the latter, and giving them the right to a just distribution of the national wealth.
... (Preamble) - Arabic
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إنّنا، ونحن نقرّ هذا الدّستور الجديد، مؤمنون بأنّ الدّيمقراطيّة الحقيقيّة لن تنجح إلاّ إذا كانت الدّيمقراطيّة السّياسيّة مشــفوعة بديمقراطيّة اقتصادية واجتماعيّة، وذلك بتمكين المواطن من حقّه في الاختيار الحرّ، ومن مساءلة من اختاره، ومن حقّه التّوزيع العادل للثّروات الوطنيّة.
... (التّوطئة) - French
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Nous, tout en approuvant la présente nouvelle Constitution, croyons que la vraie démocratie ne réussira que si la démocratie politique est assortie d’une démocratie économique et sociale, et ce, en donnant au citoyen le droit de choisir librement ses représentants, d’instaurer la redevabilité de ces derniers, et lui donnant le droit à une répartition juste des richesses nationales.
... (Préambule)
Political Rights and Association
- English1. Voters who are registered in the national territory may be called upon to express their opinions in a referendum on issues of relevant national interest.
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5. The process of a referendum shall be defined by law. (Sec. 66) - Tetum1. Sidadaun sira-ne’ebé tau-naran iha territóriu nasionál, bele fó sira-nia votu iha referendu kona-ba asuntu ne’ebé importante ba interesse nasaun nian.
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5. Lei maka sei define prosesu referendu nian. (Art. 66) - Portuguese1. Os cidadãos recenseados no território nacional podem ser chamados a pronunciar-se em referendo sobre questões de relevante interesse nacional.
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5. O processo de referendo é definido por lei. (Art. 66)