SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishWE HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE that, subject to any restrictions imposed by law on noncitizens, all persons in our country are entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever their race, tribe, places of origin, political opinion, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the legitimate public interest, to each of the following:-
…
(f) protection for the privacy of their homes and other property and from unjust deprivation of property,
… (Preamble, Basic Rights)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
– … the estate and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts, the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations, … (Art. 70) - French…
La Loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
• … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et libéralités, le régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales, … (Art. 70)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
...
– Private property shall be protected. No one shall be prohibited from disposing of their property except within the limits of the law, ...
– Inheritance is a guaranteed right, governed by Islamic Sharia.
... (Art. 14) - Arabic
...
– الملكية الخاصة مصونة، فلا يمنع أحد من التصرف في ملكه إلا في حدود القانون، ...
– الميراث حق مكفول، تحكمه الشريعة الإسلامية.
… (المادّة ١٤)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishAgrarian reform is a comprehensive process and an instrument for the transformation of the agrarian structure of the country, aimed at replacing latifundia and minifundia by a system of ownership, tenure, and use of the land that guarantees social justice in rural areas and increases the production and productivity of the agricultural sector.
The implementation of agrarian reform is declared to be of public need and interest. (Art. 344) - SpanishLa Reforma Agraria es un proceso integral y un instrumento de transformación de la estructura agraria del país, destinado a sustituir el latifundio y el minifundio por un sistema de propiedad, tenencia y explotación de la tierra que garantice la justicia social en el campo y aumente la producción y la productividad del sector agropecuario.
Declárese de necesidad y utilidad pública la ejecución de la Reforma Agraria. (Art. 344)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishTongan male subjects by birth of or over the age of 16 years may be granted town allotments and tax allotments out of estates granted in pursuance of this Constitution with the consent of or upon consultation with the estate holder and out of the lands of the Crown, by the Minister of Lands. Such allotments shall be hereditary and shall be of such size and at an annual rent as may be determined by law. A widow shall have the right to succeed according to law, to her deceased husband's tax and town allotments. (Clause 113)
- TonganKo e kakai tangata kuo fa‘ele‘i ko e Tonga ‘oku pe laka hake ‘i he 16 honau ta‘u motu‘a ‘e ngofua ke foaki atu ke nau ma‘u ‘api kolo mo ‘api tukuhau mei he ngaahi tofi‘a kuo foaki ‘o fakatatau mo e Konisitutone ‘i he loto ki ai pe ‘i ha feongoongoi mo e ma‘u tofi‘a pea mei he ngaahi tofi‘a ‘o e Pule‘anga, ‘e he Minisita Fonua. Kuo pau ke tukufakaholo ‘a e ngaahi ‘api koia pea ko e me‘a ki hono lahi mo e lisi fakata‘u kuo pau ke tu‘utu‘uni ki ai ‘a e lao. Kuo pau ke ma‘u ‘e he uitou fakatatau ki he lao ‘a e totonu ke ne ma‘u ‘a e ‘api tukuhau mo e ‘api kolo ‘o hono mali kuo pekia. (Kupu 113)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe law establishes the rules concerning:
…
- … the State and the capacity of the persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
… (Art. 99) - FrenchLa loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
- … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
... (Art. 99)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall guarantee the freedom and inviolability of private property. … (Basic Law, Art. 18)
- Arabicتكفل الدولة حرّية الملكيّة الخاصّة وحرمته. ... (النظام الأساسي، المادة 18)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe authorities of the Republic are established for the purpose of protecting the lives, honor and property of all nationals, wherever they may be, … (Art. 17)
- SpanishLas autoridades de la República están instituidas para proteger en su vida, honra y bienes a los nacionales dondequiera se encuentren … (Art. 17)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The Parliament legislates within the domains attributed to it by the Constitution, as well as the following domains:
…
2. the general rules concerning personal status and to family law; and notably to marriage, to divorce, to filiation, to capacity and to inheritance;
…
9. the regime of civil obligations, commercial [obligations] and of property;
…
22. the general regime of forests and pasture lands;
…
25. the real estate regime;
…
28. the rules of the transfer of property of the public sector to the private sector;
… (Art. 139) - Arabic
يُشرّع البرلمان في الميادين الّتي يخصّصها له الدّستور، وكذلك في المجالات الآتية:
...
2. القـواعد العامة المتعلّقة بالأحوال الشّخصيّة والأسرة، لا سيما منه ا الزّواج والطّلاق والنسب والأهلية والتّركات،
...
9. نظام الالتزامات المدنيّة والتّجاريّة ونظام الملكيّة
...
22. النّظام العامّ للغابات والأراضي الرّعويّة،
...
25. النّظام العقاريّ
...
28. قواعد نقل الملكيّة من القطاع العامّ إلى القطاع الخاصّ،
... (المادة 139) - French
Le Parlement légifère dans les domaines que lui attribue la Constitution, ainsi que dans les domaines suivants:
…
2)- les règles générales relatives au statut personnel et au droit de la famille ; notamment au mariage, au divorce, à la filiation, à la capacité et aux successions;
...
9)- le régime des obligations civiles, commerciales et de la propriété;
...
22)- le régime général des forêts et des terres pastorales;
...
25)- le régime foncier;
...
28)- les règles de transfert de propriété du secteur public au secteur privé;
... (Art. 139)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Land is Somalia’s primary resource and the basis of the people’s livelihood.
(2) Land shall be held, used and managed in an equitable, efficient, productive and sustainable manner.
(3) The Federal Government shall develop a national land policy, which shall be subject to constant review. That policy shall ensure:
(a) Equity in land allocation and the use of its resources;
(b) The guarantee of land ownership and registration;
(c) That land is utilised without causing harm to the land;
(d) That any land and property dispute is resolved promptly and satisfactorily for all;
(e) That the amount of land that a person or a company can own is specified;
(f) That the land and property market is regulated in a manner that prevents violations of the rights of small land owners; and
(g) That the Federal Member States may formulate land policies at their level.
(4) No permit may be granted regarding the permanent use of any portion of the land, sea or air of the territory of the Federal Republic of Somalia. The Federal Parliament shall enact a law regulating the size, timeline and conditions of permits of land use.
(5) The Federal Government, in consultation with the Federal Member States and other stakeholders, shall regulate land policy, and land control and use measures. (Art. 43) - Somali(1) Dhulku waa kheyraadka koowaad ee Soomaaliya iyo saldhigga nolosha dadka.
(2) Dhulka waa in loo haystaa, loo adeegsadaa, loona maamulaa si caddaalad ah, waxtar leh, waxsoosaar waarana leh.
(3) Dawladda Federaalku waa inay dejiso siyaasad dhuleed oo heer qaran ah oo si joogto ah dib-u-eegis loogu sameeyo. Siyaasaddaasi waa in ay xaqiijiso:
(a) U sinnaanshaha fursadaha helitaanka dhulka iyo ka faa’iideysiga kheyraadkiisa ;
(b) Damaanad-qaadista xuquuqda lahaanshaha dhulka iyo diiwaangelinta;
(c) Xaqiijinta ka faa’iideysiga dhulka si waafaqsan Mabaadi’da ka dheefsashada dhulka iyadoon dhibaato loo geysan.
(d) In si degdeg ah oo lagu wada qanci karo loo xalliyo khilaafaadka ka dhasha dhulka iyo hantida.
(e) In la xaddido dhulka uu qof ama shirkadi yeelan karaan;
(f) In la nidaamiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa suuqa ka-ganacsiga dhulka, si looga hortago ku-takrifalidda xuquuqda milkiilayaasha dhulka ee yaryar.
(g) Dawladaha Xubinta ka ah Dawladda Federaalka Soomaaliya waxay dejinayaan siyaasad-dhuleed oo heerkooda ah.
(4) Lama bixin karo ruqsad la xiriirta isticmaalka abadiga ah ee berriga, badda iyo hawada sare ee Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya. Sharci Baarlamaanka Federaalku soo saaro ayaa xaddidaya baaxadda, muddada iyo shuruudaha rukhsadaha istcimaalkooda.
(5) Dawladda Federaalku iyadoo la tashaneysa Dawladaha xubinta ka ah Federaalka iyo ciddii kale oo ay quseyso, waxay dejineysaa siyaasadda dhulka iyo qaab lagu koontaroolo, laguna isticmaalo dhulka. (Qodobka 43aad.)