SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cuba
- EnglishAll people have the right to enjoy their personal property. The State guarantees its use, enjoyment, and free disposal, in accordance with what is established in the law.
… (Art. 58) - SpanishTodas las personas tienen derecho al disfrute de los bienes de su propiedad. El Estado garantiza su uso, disfrute y libre disposición, de conformidad con lo establecido en la ley.
… (Art. 58)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Nepal
- English…
(5) The State shall once provide land to the landless Dalit in accordance with law.
…
(7) The facilities conferred by this Article to the Dalit community must be distributed in a just manner so that the Dalit women, men and Dalit in all communities can obtain such facilities proportionately. (Art. 40) - Nepali…
(५) राज्यले भूमिहीन दलितलाई कानून बमोजिम एक पटक जमीन उपलब्ध गराउनु पर्नेछ ।
...
(७) दलित समुदायलाई यस धाराद्वारा प्रदत्त सुविधा दलित महिला, पुरुष र सबै समुदायमा रहेका दलितले समानुपातिक रूपमा प्राप्त गर्ने गरी न्यायोचित वितरण गर्नु पर्नेछ । (धारा ४०)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Solomon Islands
- EnglishThe right to hold or acquire a perpetual interest in land shall vest in any person who is a Solomon Islander and only in such other person or persons as may be prescribed by Parliament. (Sec. 110)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kenya
- EnglishParliament shall—
(a) revise, consolidate and rationalise existing land laws;
(b) revise sectoral land use laws in accordance with the principles set out in Article 60 (1); and
(c) enact legislation—
(i) to prescribe minimum and maximum land holding acreages in respect of private land;
(ii) to regulate the manner in which any land may be converted from one category to another;
(iii) to regulate the recognition and protection of matrimonial property and in particular the matrimonial home during and on the termination of marriage;
(iv) to protect, conserve and provide access to all public land;
(v) to enable the review of all grants or dispositions of public land to establish their propriety or legality;
(vi) to protect the dependants of deceased persons holding interests in any land, including the interests of spouses in actual occupation of land;
… (Art. 68) - SwahiliBunge-
(a) litapitia, kuunganisha na kurekebisha sheria za ardhi zilizopo;
(b) litapitia sheria za matumizi ya ardhi ya kisekta kwa mujibu wa kanuni zilizowekwa katika Kifungu cha 60 (1); na
(c) litatunga sheria-
(i) ili kuelezea kiwango cha chini na cha juu cha ekari za ardhi zinazoweza kumilikiwa na watu binafsi;
(ii) ili kusimamia namna ambavyo ardhi yoyote inaweza kubadilishwa kutoka kwenye kipengele kimoja kwenda kingine;
(iii) itasimamia utambuzi na ulinzi wa mali ya wanandoa na haswa nyumba ya wanandoa wakati wa ndoa na wakati wa kuvunjika ndoa;
(iv) italinda, kuhifadhi na kutoa idhini ya ufikiaji wa ardhi yote ya umma;
(v) itawezesha uhakiki wa ruzuku zote au matumizi ya ardhi ya umma i li kujua usahihi na uhalali wake;
(vi) itawalinda tegemezi wa marehemu wenye maslahi katika ardhi yoyote, ikiwa ni pamoja na masilahi ya wanandoa katika umiliki halisi wa ardhi;
… (Kifungu cha 68)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
El Salvador
- EnglishThe State shall encourage the development of the small rural property. It will facilitate access for the small producer to technical assistance, credits, and [to the] other means necessary for the acquisition and the better use of his lands. (Art. 116)
- SpanishEl Estado fomentará el desarrollo de la pequeña propiedad rural. Facilitará al pequeño productor asistencia técnica, créditos y otros medios necesarios para la adquisición y el major aprovechamiento de sus tierras. (Art. 116)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Philippines
- EnglishThe State shall, by law, undertake an agrarian reform program founded on the right of farmers and regular farmworkers who are landless, to own directly or collectively the lands they till or, in the case of other farmworkers, to receive a just share of the fruits thereof. To this end, the State shall encourage and undertake the just distribution of all agricultural lands, subject to such priorities and reasonable retention limits as the Congress may prescribe, taking into account ecological, developmental, or equity considerations, and subject to the payment of just compensation. In determining retention limits, the State shall respect the right of small landowners. The State shall further provide incentives for voluntary land-sharing. (Art. XIII, Sec. 4)
- FilipinoDapat magsagawa ang Estado, sa pamamagitan ng batas, ng programa sa repormang pansakahan na nakasalig sa karapatan ng mga magsasaka at mga regular na manggagawa sa bukid, na mga walang lupa, na tuwiran o sama-samang magmay-ari ng mga lupang kanilang sinasaka o, sa kalagayan ng iba pang mga manggagawa sa bukid, tumanggap ng karampatang kaparte sa mga bunga niyon. Tungo sa layuning ito, dapat magpasigla at magsagawa ang Estado ng makatwirang pamamahagi ng lahat ng mga lupang pansakahan, na sasailalim sa mga priority at makatwirang mapapanatiling mga sukat na maaaring itakda ng Kongreso, na nagsasaalang-alang sa mga konsiderasyong pang-ekolohiya, pangkaunlaran, o pagkamatarungan, at batay sa pagbabayad ng makatwirang kabayaran. Dapat igalang ng Estado ang mga karapatan ng mga maliliit na may-ari ng lupa sa pagtatakda ng mga limitasyon sa retensyon. Dapat ding maglaan ang Estado ng mga insentibo para sa boluntaryong pagbabahagi ng lupa. (Art. XIII, Seksyon 4)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Vanuatu
- English1. Parliament by enactment shall formalise the recognition of appropriate customary institutions or procedures to resolve land ownership or any disputes over custom land.
2. Parliament may recognise an institution as a customary institution by enactment for the purposes of subarticle (1).
... (Art. 78) - French1) Le Parlement formalise par la Loi la reconnaissance d’une institution coutumière compétente ou d’une procédure pertinente pour résoudre la question de propriété foncière ou tout litige lié aux terres coutumières.
2) Le Parlement peut, par la loi, reconnaître une institution coutumière aux fins du paragraphe 1).
... (Art. 78)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malawi
- English1. All persons who have rights in property at the date of the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to have such rights under this Constitution and any other law.
… (Sec. 209)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Honduras
- EnglishThe Constitution guarantees to all Hondurans and to foreigners residing in the country the right to the inviolability of life, and to individual safety, freedom, equality before the law, and property. (Art. 61)
- SpanishLa Constitución garantiza a los hondureños y extranjeros residentes en el país, el derecho a la inviolabilidad de la vida, a la seguridad individual, a la libertad, a la igualdad ante la ley y a la propiedad. (Art. 61)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mexico
- English…
A. This Constitution recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous peoples and communities to self-determination and, consequently, to the autonomy to:
…
V. Preserve and improve the habitat and preserve the integrity of their lands in the terms established in this Constitution.
VI. Accede, with respect to the forms and modalities of ownership and tenancy of the land established in this Constitution and in the laws of the matter, as well as the rights acquired by third parties or by members of the community, to the preferential use and enjoyment of the natural resources of the places [lugares] that the communities inhabit and occupy, except those that correspond to the strategic areas, in terms of this Constitution. For these effects the communities may associate in terms of law.
… (Art. 2) - Spanish...
A. Esta Constitución reconoce y garantiza el derecho de los pueblos y las comunidades indígenas a lalibre determinación y, en consecuencia, a la autonomía para:
...
V. Conservar y mejorar el hábitat y preservar la integridad de sus tierras en los términos establecidos en esta Constitución.
VI. Acceder, con respeto a las formas y modalidades de propiedad y tenencia de la tierra establecidas en esta Constitución y a las leyes de la materia, así como a los derechos adquiridos por terceros o por integrantes de la comunidad, al uso y disfrute preferente de los recursos naturales de los lugares que habitan y ocupan las comunidades, salvo aquellos que corresponden a las áreas estratégicas, en términos de esta Constitución. Para estos efectos las comunidades podrán asociarse en términos de ley.
... (Art. 2)