SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 525 RESULTS
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malawi
- English1. Women have the right to full and equal protection by the law, and have the right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status which includes the right—
a. to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity—
…
ii. to acquire and maintain rights in property, independently or in association with others, regardless of their marital status;
…
b. on the dissolution of marriage, howsoever entered into—
i. to a fair disposition of property that is held jointly with a husband;
…
2. Any law that discriminates against women on the basis of gender or marital status shall be invalid and legislation shall be passed to eliminate customs and practices that discriminate against women, particularly practices such as—
…
c. deprivation of property, including property obtained by inheritance. (Sec. 24)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Iran, Islamic Republic of
- EnglishIt is the right of every Iranian individual and family to possess housing commensurate with his needs. The government must provide the basis for the implementation of this article, according priority to those whose need is greatest, in particular the rural population and the workers. (Art. 31)
- Persianداشتن مسکن متناسب با نیاز، حق هر فرد و خانواده ایرانی است. دولت موظف است با رعایت اولویت برای آنها که نیازمندترند بهخصوص روستانشینان و کارگران زمینه اجرای این اصل را فراهم کند. (اصل 31)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Haiti
- EnglishA special agency to be known as THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRARIAN REFORM shall be established to organize the revision of real property structures and to implement an agrarian reform to benefit those who actually work the land. This Institute shall draw up an agrarian policy geared to optimizing productivity by constructing infrastructure aimed at the protection and management of the land. (Art. 248)
- FrenchIl est créé un Organisme Spécial dénommé INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA REFORME AGRAIRE en vue d'organiser la refonte des structures foncières et mettre en oeuvre une réforme agraire au bénéfice des réels exploitants de la terre. Cet Institut élabore une politique agraire axée sur l'optimisation de la productivité au moyen de la mise en place d'infrastructure visant la protection de l'aménagement de la terre. (Art. 248)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Romania
- English(1) Property is public or private.
…
(5) Private property is inviolable, in accordance with the organic law. (Art. 136) - Romanian(1) Proprietatea este publică sau privată.
…
(5) Proprietatea privată este inviolabilă, în condiţiile legii organice. (Art. 136)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mozambique
- EnglishIn granting titles for the use and enjoyment of land, the State shall recognise and protect rights acquired through inheritance or by occupation, unless there is a legal reservation or the land has been lawfully granted to another person or entity. (Art. 111)
- PortugueseNa titularização do direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra, o Estado reconhece e protege os direitos adquiridos por herança ou ocupação, salvo havendo reserva legal ou se a terra tiver sido legalmente atribuída à outra pessoa ou entidade. (Art. 111)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Niger
- EnglishThe Law determines the fundamental principles:
…
- of the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 100) - FrenchLa loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
...
- du régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales ;
... (Art. 100)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malaysia
- English…
(4) Parliament may, for the purpose only of ensuring uniformity of law and policy, make laws with respect to land tenure, the relations of landlord and tenant, registration of titles and deeds relating to land, transfer of land, mortgages, leases and charges in respect of land, easements and other rights and interests in land, compulsory acquisition of land, rating and valuation of land, and local government; and paragraph (b) of Clause (1) and Clause (3) shall not apply to any law relating to any such matter. (Art. 76) - Malay…
(4) Parlimen boleh, hanya bagi maksud memastikan keseragaman undang-undang dan dasar, membuat undang-undang mengenai pemegangan tanah, perhubungan antara tuan tanah dengan penyewa, pendaftaran hakmilik dan surat ikatan yang berhubungan dengan tanah, pindah hakmilik tanah, gadai janji, pajakan dan gadaian berkenaan dengan tanah, isemen dan hak dan kepentingan lain mengenai tanah, pengambilan tanah dengan paksa, perkadaran dan penilaian tanah, dan kerajaan tempatan; dan Fasal (1)(b) dan (3) tidaklah terpakai bagi mana-mana undang-undang yang berhubungan dengan mana-mana perkara itu. (Perkara 76)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Panama
- EnglishPrivate property acquired by juridical or natural persons is guaranteed in accordance with the law. (Art. 47)
- SpanishSe garantiza la propiedad privada adquirida con arreglo a la Ley por personas jurídicas o naturales. (Art. 47)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Fiji
- English(1) All ownership of land, and all rights and interests in land leases and land tenancies that existed immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall continue to exist under this Constitution.
(2) No law shall be made to diminish or adversely affect the rights and interests in land leases and land tenancies, whether existing immediately before the commencement of this Constitution or made or issued after the commencement of this Constitution.
(3) All land lessees and land tenants have the right not to have their land leases or land tenancies terminated other than in accordance with their land leases or land tenancies.
(4) Parliament and Cabinet, through legislative and other measures, must ensure that all land leases and land tenancies provide a fair and equitable return to the landowners whilst protecting the rights of land lessees and land tenants, including security and protection of tenure of land leases and land tenancies and terms and conditions of land leases and land tenancies which must be just, fair and reasonable.
(5) All land that existed as freehold land immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall remain as freehold land even if it is sold or purchased, unless it is sold to the State or is acquired by the State for a public purpose under section 27.
(6) For the purposes of this section—
“land leases” or “land tenancies” includes sub-leases, sub-tenancies and tenancies-at-will, but shall not include leases, agreements or tenancies for any building, structure or dwelling, whether used for residential, commercial, industrial or for tourism purposes, and shall not include any leases, agreements or tenancies for any fixture, equipment, plant or fittings on any land; and “land lessees” or “land tenants” includes sub-lessees, sub-tenants or tenantsat-will of land leases or land tenancies. (Sec. 29) - iTaukei(1) Na qele ni iTaukei mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(2) Ke dua na qele ni iTaukei e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(3) Na qele ni Rotuma mera taukena tiko ga na itaukei ni qele, ena sega tale ga ni rawa ni volitaki, soli, tokitaki se veisautaki, vakavo ni tauri Vakamatanitu me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(4) Ke dua na qele ni Rotuma e taura na Matanitu ena dua na inaki raraba ni oti na kena taurivaki na Yavunivakavulewa qo me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27 se ena dua na lawa tabaki, me na vakasukai tale vei ira na kena itaukei ke sa sega ni vakayagataka na qele na Matanitu.
(5) Na qele kece era oka me qele voli vakadua ni bera na taurivaki ni Yavunivakavulewa qo me na oka tiko ga vaka qele volivakadua, vakavo kevaka e volitaki vua na Matanitu se taura na Matanitu ena inaki raraba me vaka e virikotori ena tikina 27.
(6) Ena vuku ni tikina qo—
“qele lisitaki” se “qele saumi” oka kina na lisitiki ni qele lisitaki kei na lisitiki ni qele saumi, ia e sega ni okati kina na lisi se veidinadinati ni vale, vale nibisinisi, vale nibuliyaya kei na vuku ni saravanua, ena sega ni oka kina na lisi se veidinadinati ni yaya tudei ni vale, na misini, se na gacagaca ni vale ena dua na tikiniqele; kei na“ira na saumi lisi” se “ira na saumi qele” e wili kina ira na saumi lisitiki, se na yalovinaka ni taukei ni qele me toso na lisi. (Sec. 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
South Africa
- English...
(4) For the purposes of this section—
(a) the public interest includes the nation’s commitment to land reform, and to reforms to bring about equitable access to all South Africa’s natural resources; and
(b) property is not limited to land.
(5) The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to foster conditions which enable citizens to gain access to land on an equitable basis.
(6) A person or community whose tenure of land is legally insecure as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to tenure which is legally secure or to comparable redress.
(7) A person or community dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to restitution of that property or to equitable redress.
(8) No provision of this section may impede the state from taking legislative and other measures to achieve land, water and related reform, in order to redress the results of past racial discrimination, provided that any departure from the provisions of this section is in accordance with the provisions of section 36(1).
(9) Parliament must enact the legislation referred to in subsection (6). (Sec. 25)