SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
All persons are equal before the law, without any distinction whatsoever, Brazilians and foreigners residing in the country being ensured of inviolability of the right to life, to liberty, to equality, to security and to property, on the following terms:
…
XXII – the right of property is guaranteed;
…
XXVI – the small rural property, as defined by law, provided that it is exploited by the family, shall not be subject to attachment for the payment of debts incurred by reason of its productive activities, and the law shall establish the means to finance its development;
…
XXX – the right to inheritance is guaranteed;
… (Art. 5) - Portuguese
Todos são iguais perante a lei, sem distinção de qualquer natureza, garantindo-se aos brasileiros e aos estrangeiros residentes no País a inviolabilidade do direito à vida, à liberdade, à igualdade, à segurança e à propriedade, nos termos seguintes:
...
XXII - é garantido o direito de propriedade;
...
XXVI - a pequena propriedade rural, assim definida em lei, desde que trabalhada pela família, não será objeto de penhora para pagamento de débitos decorrentes de sua atividade produtiva, dispondo a lei sobre os meios de financiar o seu desenvolvimento;
...
XXX - é garantido o direito de herança;
... (Art. 5)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right to property is guaranteed by this Constitution.
… (Art. 12) - Arabicيضمن الدستور حق الملكية.
... (المادة 12) - FrenchLe droit de propriété est garanti par la présente Constitution.
… (Art. 12)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
For the purpose of ensuring a rational use of land and equitable social relationships, the law shall impose obligations and constraints on private land ownership; set limitations to the size of property according to the region and the agricultural area; encourage and impose land reclamation, the conversion of large estates and the reorganisation of farm units; and assist small and medium-sized properties.
The law shall make provisions for mountain areas. (Art. 44) - Italian
Al fine di conseguire il razionale sfruttamento del suolo e di stabilire equi rapporti sociali, la legge impone obblighi e vincoli alla proprietà terriera privata, fissa limiti alla sua estensione secondo le regioni e le zone agrarie, promuove ed impone la bonifica delle terre, la trasformazione del latifondo e la ricostituzione delle unità produttive; aiuta la piccola e la media proprietà.
La legge dispone provvedimenti a favore delle zone montane. (Art. 44)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe contracts of rural share-farming will be regulated in order to assure the rational exploitation of the land and the equitable distribution of its products between owners and share-farmers [aparceros]. (Art. 69)
- SpanishLos contratos de aparcería rural serán regulados con el fin de asegurar la explotación racional de la tierra y la distribución equitativa de sus productos entre propietarios y aparceros. (Art. 69)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing:
…
(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good;
(c) that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment;
… (Art. 39) - Hindiराज्य अपनी नीति का, विशिष्टतया, इस प्रकार संचालन करेगा कि सुनिश्चित रूप से:
…
(ख) समुदाय के भौतिक संसाधनों का स्वामित्व और नियंत्रण इस प्रकार बंटा हो जिससे सामूहिक हित का सर्वोत्तम रूप से साधन हो;
(ग) आर्थिक व्यवस्था इस प्रकार चले जिससे धन और उत्पादन-साधनों का सर्वसाधारण के लिए अहितकारी संकेन्द्रण न हो;
… (अनुच्छेद 39)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Land in Kenya shall be held, used and managed in a manner that is equitable, efficient, productive and sustainable, and in accordance with the following principles—
(a) equitable access to land;
(b) security of land rights;
…
(f) elimination of gender discrimination in law, customs and practices related to land and property in land; and
(g) encouragement of communities to settle land disputes through recognised local community initiatives consistent with this Constitution.
(2) These principles shall be implemented through a national land policy developed and reviewed regularly by the national government and through legislation. (Art. 60) - Swahili(1) Ardhi nchini Kenya itashikiliwa, kutumiwa na kusimamiwa kwa namna ambayo ni ya usawa, fanisi, yenye tija na endelevu, na kwa kufuata kanuni zifuatazo-
(a) haki sawa ya kupata ardhi;
(b) amana ya haki za ardhi;
…
(f) kuondoa ubaguzi wa kijinsia katika sheria, mila na desturi zinazohusiana na ardhi na mali katika ardhi; na
(g) kuwahimiza jamii kumaliza migogoro ya ardhi kupitia hatua zinazochukuliwa na jamii bila kukiuka Katiba hii.
(2) Kanuni hizi zitatekelezwa kupitia sera ya ardhi ya kitaifa iliyoundwa na kupitiwa mara kwa mara na serikali ya kitaifa na kupitia sheria. (Kifungu cha 60)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe basis of the agricultural system of the State shall be the family farm. This principle shall not infringe the provisions of Articles 21 and 22. (Art. 23)
- PolishPodstawą ustroju rolnego państwa jest gospodarstwo rodzinne. Zasada ta nie narusza postanowień Art. 21 i Art. 22. (Art. 23)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishEvery person has the right to dispose freely of his property in accordance with the law. The property is transferable in the form determined by the laws. There will be free making of wills [testamentifacción]. (Art. 22)
- SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a disponer libremente de sus bienes conforme a la ley. La propiedad es transmisible en la forma en que determinen las leyes. Habrá libre testamentifacción. (Art. 22)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
1. The Republic of Kazakhstan shall recognize and protect state and private property equally.
2. Property shall impose obligations, and its use must simultaneously benefit the society. Subjects and objects of ownership, the scope, and limits of the rights of proprietors, and guarantees of their protection shall be determined by law.
3. The land and its subsoil, water, flora and fauna, and other natural resources belong to the people. On behalf of the people, the right to property is exercised by the state. Land may also be in private ownership on the grounds, conditions and within the limits established by law. (Art. 6) - Kazak
1. Қазақстан Республикасында мемлекеттiк меншiк пен жеке меншiк танылады және бiрдей қорғалады.
2. Меншiк мiндет жүктейдi, оны пайдалану сонымен қатар қоғам игiлiгіне де қызмет етуге тиiс. Меншiк субъектiлерi мен объектiлерi, меншiк иелерiнiң өз құқықтарын жүзеге асыру көлемi мен шектерi, оларды қорғау кепiлдiктерi заңмен белгiленедi.
3. Жер жəне оның қойнауы, су көздері, өсімдіктер мен жануарлар дүниесі, басқа да табиғи ресурстар халыққа тиесілі. Халық атынан меншік құқығын мемлекет жүзеге асырады. Жер, сондай-ақ заңда белгіленген негіздерде, шарттар мен шектерде жеке меншікте де болуы мүмкін. (6-бап)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
In addition to the issues that are directed to it by other Articles of the Constitution:
I. The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
11°. the organization of the family, the state and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
12°. the juridical regime of property, of real rights,
… (Art. 95) - French
Outre les questions qui lui sont renvoyées par d’autres articles de la Constitution :
I – La loi fixe les règles concernant :
…
11. l’organisation de la famille, l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
12. le régime juridique de la propriété, des droits réels,
… (Art. 95)