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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) Nothing in Article II6 shall be construed to invalidate the customary law or any traditional practice concerning land tenure or any related matter in any part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, including, where applicable, the rights and obligations of the Iroijlaplap, Iroijedrik, Alap and Dri Jerbal.
(2) Without prejudice to the continued application of the customary law pursuant to Section 1 of Article XIII,7 and subject to the customary law or to any traditional practice in any part of the Republic, it shall not be lawful or competent for any person having any right in any land in the Republic, under the customary law or any traditional practice to make any alienation or disposition of that land, whether by way of sale, mortgage, lease, license or otherwise, without the approval of the Iroijlaplap, Iroijedrik where necessary, Alap and the Senior Dri Jerbal of such land, who shall be deemed to represent all persons having an interest in that land.
… (Art. X, Sec. 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishProperty shall be safe from violation. No one shall be forbidden from owning property and acquiring it, unless limited by the provisions of law. ... (Art. 40)
- Dariملكیت از تعرض مصؤن است. هیچ شخص از كسب ملكیت و تصرف در آن منع نمی شود، مگر در حدود احكام قانون. ... (مادۀ ۴۰)
- Pashtoملكيت له تيري څخه خوندى دى. هېڅوك د ملكيت د ترلاسه كولو او په هغه كې له تصرف كولو څخه نه منع كېږي، مگر د قانون د احكامو په حدودوكې. (۴۰ ماده)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(4) Every farmer shall have the right to have access to lands for agro activities, select and protect local seeds and agro species which have been used and pursued traditionally, in accordance with law.
… (Art. 42) - Nepali…
(४) प्रत्येक किसानलाई कानून बमोजिम कृषि कार्यकालागि भूमिमा पहुँच, परम्परागत रूपमा प्रयोग र अवलम्बन गरिएको स्थानीय बीउ बिजन र कृषि प्रजातिको छनौट र संरक्षणको हक हुनेछ ।
... (धारा ४२)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishIn this Constitution—
…
“Communal Land” means land set aside under an Act of Parliament and held in accordance with customary law by members of a community under the leadership of a Chief;
… (Sec. 332)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishParliament may, in regard to land which has ceased to be customary land:—
(a) provide for the conversion into a fixed-term interest of any perpetual interest in such land held by a person who is not entitled under the preceding section to hold such a perpetual interest;
(b) provide for the compulsory acquisition where necessary of such land or any right over or interest in such land;
(c) prescribe the criteria to be adopted in regard to the assessment and payment of compensation for such conversion or compulsory acquisition (which may take account of, but need not be limited to, the following factors: the purchase price, the value of improvements made between the date of purchase and the date of acquisition, the current use value of the land, and the fact of its abandonment or dereliction). (Sec. 111)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishRural collective economic organizations practice the double-tier management system that combines unified and separate operations on the basis of the household-based output- related contracted responsibility system. Various forms of the cooperative economy in rural areas such as producers', supply and marketing, credit and consumers' cooperatives belong to the sector of the socialist economy under collective ownership by the working people. Working people who are members of rural economic collectives have the right, within the limits prescribed by law, to farm plots of cropland and hilly land allotted for private use, engage in household sideline production and raise privately owned livestock.
… (Art. 8) - Chinese农村集体经济组织实行家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。农村中的生产、供销、信用、消费等各种形式的合作经济,是社会主义劳动群众集体所有制经济。参加农村集体经济组织的劳动者,有权在法律规定的范围内经营自留地、自留山、家庭副业和饲养自留畜。
… (第八条)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization of other natural resources, including lands of the public domain under lease or concession suitable to agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights of small settlers, and the rights of indigenous communities to their ancestral lands.
The State may resettle landless farmers and farmworkers in its own agricultural estates which shall be distributed to them in the manner provided by law. (Art. XIII, Sec. 6) - FilipinoDapat ipatupad ng Estado ang mga simulain ng repormang pansakahan o stewardship kailanma't mapapairal nang naaalinsunod sa batas sa pamamahagi o paggamit ng iba pang mga likas na kayamanan, kasama ang mga lupaing pambayan na angkop sa pagsasaka sa ilalim ng pamumuwisan o konsesyon, batay sa mga nananahanan, at mga karapatan mga katutubong mga pamayanan sa kanilang minanang lupain.
Maaaring ipanahanan ng Estado ang mga magsasakang walang lupa at mga manggagawa sa bukid sa sarili nitong mga lupaing pansakahan na ipamahagi sa kanila sa paraang itinakda ng batas. (Art. XIII, Seksyon 6)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
II. The State shall recognize, respect and grant individual and collective ownership rights to land, as well as the rights to use and enjoyment of natural resources.
… (Art. 349) - Spanish…
II. El Estado reconocerá, respetará y otorgará derechos propietarios individuales y colectivos sobre la tierra, así como derechos de uso y aprovechamiento sobre otros recursos naturales.
… (Art. 349)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Notwithstanding Articles 73 and 74 the Government may buy land from custom owners for the purpose of transferring ownership of it to indigenous citizens or indigenous communities from over-populated islands.
2. When redistributing land in accordance with subarticle (1), the Government shall give priority to ethnic, linguistic, customary and geographical ties. (Art. 81) - French1) Nonobstant les dispositions des articles 73 et 74, le gouvernement peut acheter des terres aux propriétaires coutumiers dans le but d'en transférer la propriété aux citoyens indigènes ou à des collectivités indigènes originaires d'îles surpeuplées.
2) Pour la redistribution des terres effectuée en application du paragraphe 1), le gouvernement tient compte en priorité des facteurs ethniques, linguistiques, coutumiers et géographiques. (Art. 81)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State should provide measures or mechanisms to enable farmers to efficiently carry out agriculture which yields produce of high quantity and quality that is safe, low cost and competitive in the market, and should assist indigent farmers to have land for making a living through land reform or any other means. (Sec. 73)
- Thaiรัฐพึงจัดให้มีมาตรการหรือกลไกที่ช่วยให้เกษตรกรสามารถประกอบเกษตรกรรมได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ได้ผลผลิตที่มีปริมาณและคุณภาพสูง มีความปลอดภัย โดยใช้ต้นทุนต่ำ และสามารถแข่งขันในตลาดได้ และพึงช่วยเหลือเกษตรกรผู้ยากไร้ให้มีที่ทํากินโดยการปฏิรูปที่ดินหรือวิธีอื่นใด (มาตรา ๗๓)