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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Tajikistan
  • English
    The economy of Tajikistan shall be based on various forms of ownership.
    The state shall guarantee freedom of economic activities, entrepreneurship, equality of rights, and the protection of all forms of ownership including private ownership. (Art. 12)
  • Russian
    Основу экономики Таджикистана составляют различные формы собственности.
    Государство гарантирует свободу экономической и предпринимательской деятельности, равноправие и правовую защиту всех форм собственности, в том числе частной. (Статья 12)
  • Tajik
    Асоси иқтисодиёти Тоҷикистонро шаклҳои гуногуни моликият ташкил медиҳанд.
    Давлат фаъолияти озоди иқтисодӣ, соҳибкорӣ, баробарҳуқуқӣ ва ҳифзи ҳуқуқии ҳамаи шаклҳои моликият, аз ҷумла моликияти хусусиро кафолат медихад. (Моддаи 12)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Angola
  • English
    1. Unless authorisation is granted to the Executive to do so, the National Assembly shall have relative competence for legislating on the following matters:
    …
    g) The general system for property and means of production not included in the public domain;
    …
    m) The definition and system for property within the public domain;
    …
    r) The general elements of the system for the concession and transfer of land;
    … (Art. 165)
  • Portuguese
    1. À Assembleia Nacional compete legislar com reserva relativa, salvo autorização concedida ao Executivo, sobre as seguintes matérias:
    …
    g) Regime geral dos bens e meios de produção não integrados no domínio público;
    …
    m) Definição e regime dos bens de domínio público;
    …
    r) Bases gerais do regime de concessão e transmissão da terra;
    … (Art. 165)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Ghana
  • English
    …
    (2) A person shall not be discriminated against on grounds of gender, race, colour, ethnic origin, religion, creed or social or economic status.
    (3) For the purposes of this article, “discriminate” means to give different treatment to different persons attributable only or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, gender, occupation, religion or creed, whereby persons of one description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another description are not made subject or are granted privileges or advantages which are not granted to persons of another description.
    (4) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from enacting laws that are reasonably necessary to provide—
    …
    (b) for matters relating to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
    … (Art. 17)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Cuba
  • English
    All people have the right to enjoy their personal property. The State guarantees its use, enjoyment, and free disposal, in accordance with what is established in the law.
    … (Art. 58)
  • Spanish
    Todas las personas tienen derecho al disfrute de los bienes de su propiedad. El Estado garantiza su uso, disfrute y libre disposición, de conformidad con lo establecido en la ley.
    … (Art. 58)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Uzbekistan
  • English

    …
    Equality and legal protection of all forms of property shall be ensured in Uzbekistan.
    Private property shall be inviolable. … (Art. 65)

  • Uzbek

    ... O‘zbekiston Respublikasida barcha mulk shakllarining teng huquqliligi va huquqiy jihatdan himoya qilinishi ta’minlanadi. Xususiy mulk daxlsizdir. ... (65-modda)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Central African Republic
  • English
    …
    The property and the assets of persons as well as the patrimony of the Nation are inviolable. The State and Territorial Collectivities as well as all citizens must protect them. (Art. 19)
  • French
    …
    La propriété et les biens des personnes ainsi que le patrimoine de la Nation sont inviolables. L’Etat et les Collectivités Territoriales ainsi que tous les citoyens se doivent de les protéger. (Art. 19)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Kenya
  • English
    Parliament shall—
    (a) revise, consolidate and rationalise existing land laws;
    (b) revise sectoral land use laws in accordance with the principles set out in Article 60 (1); and
    (c) enact legislation—
    (i) to prescribe minimum and maximum land holding acreages in respect of private land;
    (ii) to regulate the manner in which any land may be converted from one category to another;
    (iii) to regulate the recognition and protection of matrimonial property and in particular the matrimonial home during and on the termination of marriage;
    (iv) to protect, conserve and provide access to all public land;
    (v) to enable the review of all grants or dispositions of public land to establish their propriety or legality;
    (vi) to protect the dependants of deceased persons holding interests in any land, including the interests of spouses in actual occupation of land;
    … (Art. 68)
  • Swahili
    Bunge-
    (a) litapitia, kuunganisha na kurekebisha sheria za ardhi zilizopo;
    (b) litapitia sheria za matumizi ya ardhi ya kisekta kwa mujibu wa kanuni zilizowekwa katika Kifungu cha 60 (1); na
    (c) litatunga sheria-
    (i) ili kuelezea kiwango cha chini na cha juu cha ekari za ardhi zinazoweza kumilikiwa na watu binafsi;
    (ii) ili kusimamia namna ambavyo ardhi yoyote inaweza kubadilishwa kutoka kwenye kipengele kimoja kwenda kingine;
    (iii) itasimamia utambuzi na ulinzi wa mali ya wanandoa na haswa nyumba ya wanandoa wakati wa ndoa na wakati wa kuvunjika ndoa;
    (iv) italinda, kuhifadhi na kutoa idhini ya ufikiaji wa ardhi yote ya umma;
    (v) itawezesha uhakiki wa ruzuku zote au matumizi ya ardhi ya umma i li kujua usahihi na uhalali wake;
    (vi) itawalinda tegemezi wa marehemu wenye maslahi katika ardhi yoyote, ikiwa ni pamoja na masilahi ya wanandoa katika umiliki halisi wa ardhi;
    … (Kifungu cha 68)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

El Salvador
  • English
    The State shall encourage the development of the small rural property. It will facilitate access for the small producer to technical assistance, credits, and [to the] other means necessary for the acquisition and the better use of his lands. (Art. 116)
  • Spanish
    El Estado fomentará el desarrollo de la pequeña propiedad rural. Facilitará al pequeño productor asistencia técnica, créditos y otros medios necesarios para la adquisición y el major aprovechamiento de sus tierras. (Art. 116)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Czech Republic
  • English
    (1) Everyone has the right to own property. Each owner’s property right shall have the same content and enjoy the same protection. Inheritance is guaranteed.
    … (Charter, Art. 11)
  • Czech
    (1) Každý má právo vlastnit majetek. Vlastnické právo všech vlastníků má stejný zákonný obsah a ochranu. Dědění se zaručuje.
    … (Listina, Čl. 11)

Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure

Djibouti
  • English
    The right to property is guaranteed by this Constitution.
    … (Art. 12)
  • Arabic
    يضمن الدستور حق الملكية.
    ... (المادة 12)
  • French
    Le droit de propriété est garanti par la présente Constitution.
    … (Art. 12)