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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) Nothing in Article II6 shall be construed to invalidate the customary law or any traditional practice concerning land tenure or any related matter in any part of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, including, where applicable, the rights and obligations of the Iroijlaplap, Iroijedrik, Alap and Dri Jerbal.
(2) Without prejudice to the continued application of the customary law pursuant to Section 1 of Article XIII,7 and subject to the customary law or to any traditional practice in any part of the Republic, it shall not be lawful or competent for any person having any right in any land in the Republic, under the customary law or any traditional practice to make any alienation or disposition of that land, whether by way of sale, mortgage, lease, license or otherwise, without the approval of the Iroijlaplap, Iroijedrik where necessary, Alap and the Senior Dri Jerbal of such land, who shall be deemed to represent all persons having an interest in that land.
… (Art. X, Sec. 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (4), (5), and (7), no law shall make provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, sex, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject, or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision—
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d. with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other interests of personal law;
… (Sec. 27)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to subsections (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
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(3) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, birth out of wedlock, political opinions or affiliations, colour, sex or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages that are not accorded to persons of another such description.
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(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision
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(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) (or of persons connected with such persons) of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(4) Every farmer shall have the right to have access to lands for agro activities, select and protect local seeds and agro species which have been used and pursued traditionally, in accordance with law.
… (Art. 42) - Nepali…
(४) प्रत्येक किसानलाई कानून बमोजिम कृषि कार्यकालागि भूमिमा पहुँच, परम्परागत रूपमा प्रयोग र अवलम्बन गरिएको स्थानीय बीउ बिजन र कृषि प्रजातिको छनौट र संरक्षणको हक हुनेछ ।
... (धारा ४२)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishParliament may, in regard to land which has ceased to be customary land:—
(a) provide for the conversion into a fixed-term interest of any perpetual interest in such land held by a person who is not entitled under the preceding section to hold such a perpetual interest;
(b) provide for the compulsory acquisition where necessary of such land or any right over or interest in such land;
(c) prescribe the criteria to be adopted in regard to the assessment and payment of compensation for such conversion or compulsory acquisition (which may take account of, but need not be limited to, the following factors: the purchase price, the value of improvements made between the date of purchase and the date of acquisition, the current use value of the land, and the fact of its abandonment or dereliction). (Sec. 111)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
…
The texts concerning the following matters are taken in the form of ordinary law:
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- the fundamental principles of the regime of property and of real rights,
… (Art. 75) - Arabic
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وتتّخذ شكل قوانين عاديّة النّصوص المتعلّقة بالمسائل التّالية:
...
- المبادئ الأساسيّة لنظام الملكيّة والحقوق العينيّة و
... (الفصل 75) - French
...
Sont pris sous forme de loi ordinaire, les textes relatifs aux matières suivantes :
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- les principes fondamentaux du régime de la propriété et des droits réels,
... (Art. 75)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right of property is guaranteed. Every person has the right to the use, enjoyment, usufruct and disposal of his or her goods. … (Art. 115)
- SpanishSe garantiza el derecho de propiedad. Toda persona tiene derecho al uso, goce, disfrute y disposición de sus bienes. … (Art. 115)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization of other natural resources, including lands of the public domain under lease or concession suitable to agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights of small settlers, and the rights of indigenous communities to their ancestral lands.
The State may resettle landless farmers and farmworkers in its own agricultural estates which shall be distributed to them in the manner provided by law. (Art. XIII, Sec. 6) - FilipinoDapat ipatupad ng Estado ang mga simulain ng repormang pansakahan o stewardship kailanma't mapapairal nang naaalinsunod sa batas sa pamamahagi o paggamit ng iba pang mga likas na kayamanan, kasama ang mga lupaing pambayan na angkop sa pagsasaka sa ilalim ng pamumuwisan o konsesyon, batay sa mga nananahanan, at mga karapatan mga katutubong mga pamayanan sa kanilang minanang lupain.
Maaaring ipanahanan ng Estado ang mga magsasakang walang lupa at mga manggagawa sa bukid sa sarili nitong mga lupaing pansakahan na ipamahagi sa kanila sa paraang itinakda ng batas. (Art. XIII, Seksyon 6)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Notwithstanding Articles 73 and 74 the Government may buy land from custom owners for the purpose of transferring ownership of it to indigenous citizens or indigenous communities from over-populated islands.
2. When redistributing land in accordance with subarticle (1), the Government shall give priority to ethnic, linguistic, customary and geographical ties. (Art. 81) - French1) Nonobstant les dispositions des articles 73 et 74, le gouvernement peut acheter des terres aux propriétaires coutumiers dans le but d'en transférer la propriété aux citoyens indigènes ou à des collectivités indigènes originaires d'îles surpeuplées.
2) Pour la redistribution des terres effectuée en application du paragraphe 1), le gouvernement tient compte en priorité des facteurs ethniques, linguistiques, coutumiers et géographiques. (Art. 81)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State must take appropriate measures, including legislative measures, to give security of tenure to every person lawfully owning or occupying agricultural land. (Sec. 292)