SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Indians shall have their social organization, customs, languages, creeds and traditions recognized, as well as their original rights to the lands they traditionally occupy, it being incumbent upon the Union to demarcate them, protect and ensure respect for all of their property.
Paragraph 1. Lands traditionally occupied by Indians are those on which they live on a permanent basis, those used for their productive activities, those indispensable to the preservation of the environmental resources necessary for their well-being and for their physical and cultural reproduction, according to their uses, customs and traditions.
Paragraph 2. The lands traditionally occupied by Indians are intended for their permanent possession and they shall have the exclusive usufruct of the riches of the soil, the rivers and the lakes existing therein.
Paragraph 3. Hydric resources, including energetic potentials, may only be exploited, and mineral riches in Indian land may only be prospected and mined with the authorization of the National Congress, after hearing the communities involved, and the participation in the results of such mining shall be ensured to them, as set forth by law.
Paragraph 4. The lands referred to in this article are inalienable and indisposable and the rights thereto are not subject to limitation.
Paragraph 5. The removal of Indian groups from their lands is forbidden, except ad referendum of the National Congress, in case of a catastrophe or an epidemic which represents a risk to their population, or in the interest of the sovereignty of the country, after decision by the National Congress, it being guaranteed that, under any circumstances, the return shall be immediate as soon as the risk ceases.
Paragraph 6. Acts with a view to occupation, domain and possession of the lands referred to in this article or to the exploitation of the natural riches of the soil, rivers and lakes existing therein, are null and void, producing no legal effects, except in case of relevant public interest of the Union, as provided by a supplementary law and such nullity and voidness shall not create a right to indemnity or to sue the Union, except in what concerns improvements derived from occupation in good faith, in the manner prescribed by law.
Paragraph 7. The provisions of article 174, paragraphs 3 and 4, shall not apply to Indian lands. (Art. 231) - Portuguese
São reconhecidos aos índios sua organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União demarcá-las, proteger e fazer respeitar todos os seus bens.
§ 1º - São terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios as por eles habitadas em caráter permanente, as utilizadas para suas atividades produtivas, as imprescindíveis à preservação dos recursos ambientais necessários a seu bem-estar e as necessárias a sua reprodução física e cultural, segundo seus usos, costumes e tradições.
§ 2º - As terras tradicionalmente ocupadas pelos índios destinam-se a sua posse permanente, cabendo-lhes o usufruto exclusivo das riquezas do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes.
§ 3º - O aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos, incluídos os potenciais energéticos, a pesquisa e a lavra das riquezas minerais em terras indígenas só podem ser efetivados com autorização do Congresso Nacional, ouvidas as comunidades afetadas, ficando-lhes assegurada participação nos resultados da lavra, na forma da lei.
§ 4º - As terras de que trata este artigo são inalienáveis e indisponíveis, e os direitos sobre elas, imprescritíveis.
§ 5º - É vedada a remoção dos grupos indígenas de suas terras, salvo, "ad referendum" do Congresso Nacional, em caso de catástrofe ou epidemia que ponha em risco sua população, ou no interesse da soberania do País, após deliberação do Congresso Nacional, garantido, em qualquer hipótese, o retorno imediato logo que cesse o risco.
§ 6º - São nulos e extintos, não produzindo efeitos jurídicos, os atos que tenham por objeto a ocupação, o domínio e a posse das terras a que se refere este artigo, ou a exploração das riquezas naturais do solo, dos rios e dos lagos nelas existentes, ressalvado relevante interesse público da União, segundo o que dispuser lei complementar, não gerando a nulidade e a extinção direito a indenização ou a ações contra a União, salvo, na forma da lei, quanto às benfeitorias derivadas da ocupação de boa fé.
§ 7º - Não se aplica às terras indígenas o disposto no art. 174, § 3º e § 4º. (Art. 231)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan shall privately own any legally acquired property.
2. The property, including the right of inheritance, shall be guaranteed by law.
… (Art. 26) - Kazak1. Қазақстан Республикасының азаматтары заңды түрде алған қандай да болсын мүлкiн жеке меншiгiнде ұстай алады.
2. Меншiк, оның iшiнде мұрагерлiк құқығына заңмен кепiлдiк берiледi.
… (26-бап)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishRight to inheritance shall be guaranteed in accordance with the law.
Right to inheritance may not be denied or restricted for failing to observe public duties. (Art. 59) - Serbian CyrillicЈемчи се право наслеђивања, у складу са законом.
Право наслеђивања не може бити искључено или ограничено због неиспуњавања јавних обавеза. (Члан 59)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Every person has the right to own property either alone or in association with others.
… (Art. 18)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe State recognizes the right to succession in the case of death. The law regulates its content and scope. (Art. 63)
- SpanishSe reconoce el derecho a la sucesión por causa de muerte. La ley regula su contenido y alcance. (Art. 63)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Nothing in this Constitution shall affect the validity of any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer or lease of customary land in the State of Negeri Sembilan or the State of Malacca, or of any interest in such land.
… (Art. 90) - Malay(1) Tiada apa-apa jua dalam Perlembagaan ini boleh menyentuh kesahan apa-apa sekatan yang dikenakan oleh undang-undang ke atas pemindahan hakmilik atau pemajakan tanah adat di Negeri Sembilan atau Negeri Melaka, atau pemindahan hakmilik atau pemajakan apa-apa kepentingan mengenai tanah itu.
… (Perkara 90)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (8) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding subsection (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law applicable to persons of that description;(d) with respect to land, the tenure of land, the resumption and acquisition of land and other like purposes;
… (Sec. 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English...
(5) The jurisdiction of a Kadhis’ court shall be limited to the determination of questions of Muslim law relating to personal status, marriage, divorce or inheritance in proceedings in which all the parties profess the Muslim religion and submit to the jurisdiction of the Kadhi’s courts.
… (Art. 170) - Swahili...
(5) Mamlaka ya Mahakama ya Kadhi yatakuwa na mipaka itakayoishia katika kuamua shauri la sheria ya Kiisilamu inayohusiana na hadhi binafsi, ndoa, talaka au urithi katika kesi ambazo kwazo pande zote ni waumini wa dini ya Kiislamu na wanaitii mamlaka ya mahakama za Kadhi.
… (Kifungu cha 170)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Whereas every person in Grenada is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely-
…
(c) protection for the privacy of his home and other property
… (Sec. 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe privacy of any person, his or her residence, property, document, data, correspondence and matters relating to his or her character shall, except in accordance with law, be inviolable. (Art. 28)
- Nepaliकुनै पनि व्यक्तिको जीउ, आवास, सम्पत्ति, लिखत, तथ्यांक, पत्राचार र चरित्र सम्बन्धी विषयको गोपनीयता कानून बमोजिम बाहेक अनतिक्रम्य हुनेछ । (धारा २८)