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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) In this section, discrimination refers to the treatment of different people in different ways wholly or mainly because of their different
(a) races; or
(b) places of origin; or
(c) political opinions; or
(d) colours; or
(e) religious beliefs or lack of religious beliefs, or
(f) disability; or
(g) sex
in such a way that one such person is for some such reason given more favourable treatment or less favourable treatment than another such person.
(2) Subject to the provisions of this Part, and in particular to —
(a) the succeeding provisions of this section; and
(b) section 29 (Protection of Tuvaluan values, etc.); and
(c) section 31 (disciplined forces of Tuvalu); and
(d) section 32 (foreign disciplined forces); and
(e) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(f) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
no-one shall be treated in a discriminatory manner.
(3) Subsection (2) does not apply to a law so far as it makes provision –
…
(e) in relation to land;
… (Sec. 27)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right to property is guaranteed by the law. … (Art. 27)
- FrenchLe droit de propriété est garanti par la loi. … (Art. 27)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right of property is inviolable, but it is subject to laws enacted in the general interest. … (Art. 32)
- SpanishLa propiedad es un derecho inviolable, pero sujeto a lo que dispongan las leyes que se establecieren por razones de interés general. … (Art. 32)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishCollective and individual private ownership shall be protected … (Art. 15)
- Arabicالملكيّة الخاصّة من جماعية وفردية، مصانة ... (المادّة 15)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to private property and to its transmission, under the terms of the Constitution and the law.
2. The state shall respect and protect the property and any other rights in rem of private individuals, corporate bodies and local communities,
… (Art. 37) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantido o direito à propriedade privada e à sua transmissão, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. O Estado respeita e protege a propriedade e demais direitos reais das pessoas singulares, colectivas e das comunidades locais,
… (Art. 37)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) The State must promote full gender balance in Zimbabwean society, and in particular—
…
(c) the State and all institutions and agencies of government at every level must take practical measures to ensure that women have access to resources, including land, on the basis of equality with men.
… (Sec. 17)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- Englisha. Ownership, capital and work—in accordance with the principles of Islamic justice— are basic constituents of the social entity of the State and the national wealth, and are all individual rights with a social function regulated by law.
…
c. Private ownership is protected.
…
g. The State shall make the necessary arrangements to ensure the exploitation of land suitable for productive farming, and shall strive to raise the standards of farmers. The law lays down how small farmers are to be helped and how they can own their land.
… (Art. 9) - Arabicأ - المِلُكيـة ورأس المال والعمل، وفقاً لمبادئ العدالة الإسلامية، مقومات أساسية لكيان الدولة الاجتماعي وللثروة الوطنية، وهي جميعا حقوق فردية ذات وظيفة اجتماعية ينظمها القانون.
…
ج - الملكية الخاصة مصونة
…
ز - تتخذ الدولة التدابير اللازمة من أجل تحقيق استغلال الأراضي الصالحة للزراعة بصورة مثمرة، وتعمل على رفع مستوى الفلاح، ويحدد القانون وسائل مساعدة صغار المزارعين وتمليكهم الأراضي.
… (المادة 9)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPrivate property is protected and the restrictions against it shall be specified by law. … (Art. 21)
- Arabicاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﺔ. وﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. ... (المادّة 21)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Bills shall be passed by Parliament.
(2) The following shall be reserved to the legislative power:
…
(b) The status of persons and property Ownership system:
1. … status of person, matrimonial system, succession and gifts;
…
3. movable and immovable property ownership system;
…
(d) The following financial and patrimonial matters:
…
4. land tenure, State lands and mining;
… (Art. 26) - French(1) la loi est votée par le Parlement.
(2) Sont du domaine de la loi:
…
b- Le statut des personnes et le régime des biens:
1. … l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et libéralités;
…
3. le régime de la propriété mobilière et immobilière;
…
d- Les questions financières et patrimoniales suivantes:
…
4. Le régime domanial, foncier et minier;
… (Art. 26)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of this section—
(a) no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect;
…
(2) In this section the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed, whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not afforded to persons of another such description.
(3) Subsection (1)(a) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision—
…
(b) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Sec. 23)