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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
China
- EnglishLand in the cities is owned by the state.
Land in the rural and suburban areas is owned by collectives except for those portions which belong to the state in accordance with the law; house sites and private plots of cropland and hilly land are also owned by collectives.
…
No organization or individual may appropriate, buy, sell or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means. The right to the use of land may be transferred according to law.
All organizations and individuals who use land must make rational use of the land. (Art. 10) - Chinese城市的土地属于国家所有。
农村和城市郊区的土地,除由法律规定属于国家所有的以外,属于集体所有;宅基地和自留地、自留山,也属于集体所有。
…
任何组织或者个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。土地的使用权可以依照法律的规定转让。
一切使用土地的组织和个人必须合理地利用土地。(第十条)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
United Arab Emirates
- EnglishPrivate property is protected and the restrictions against it shall be specified by law. … (Art. 21)
- Arabicاﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺼﻮﻧﺔ. وﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ اﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ. ... (المادّة 21)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Cameroon
- English(1) Bills shall be passed by Parliament.
(2) The following shall be reserved to the legislative power:
…
(b) The status of persons and property Ownership system:
1. … status of person, matrimonial system, succession and gifts;
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3. movable and immovable property ownership system;
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(d) The following financial and patrimonial matters:
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4. land tenure, State lands and mining;
… (Art. 26) - French(1) la loi est votée par le Parlement.
(2) Sont du domaine de la loi:
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b- Le statut des personnes et le régime des biens:
1. … l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et libéralités;
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3. le régime de la propriété mobilière et immobilière;
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d- Les questions financières et patrimoniales suivantes:
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4. Le régime domanial, foncier et minier;
… (Art. 26)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishThe State recognizes, protects and guarantees individual and communitarian or collective property of land, as long as it fulfills a social purpose or social economic purposes, as the case may be. (Art. 393)
- SpanishEl Estado reconoce, protege y garantiza la propiedad individual y comunitaria o colectiva de la tierra, en tanto cumpla una función social o una función económica social, según corresponda. (Art. 393)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Bolivia, Plurinational State of
- EnglishThe State has the obligation to:
…
2. To promote policies aimed at eliminating all forms of discrimination against women in the access to, ownership and inheritance of land. (Art. 402) - SpanishEl Estado tiene la obligación de:
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2. Promover políticas dirigidas a eliminar todas las formas de discriminación contra las mujeres en el acceso, tenencia y herencia de la tierra. (Art. 402)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Denmark
- EnglishNo fiefs, estates tail in land, or estates tail in personal property or family estates shall be created in future. (Sec. 84)
- DanishIntet len, stamhus, fideikommisgods eller andet familiefideikommis kan for fremtiden oprettes. (§ 84)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Egypt
- EnglishAgriculture is a basic component of the economy.
The State shall protect and expand agricultural land, and shall criminalize encroachments thereon. …
The State shall also allocate a percentage of reclaimed lands to small farmers and youth graduates, and protect farmers and agricultural workers against exploitation. All the foregoing shall be as regulated by Law. (Art. 29) - Arabicالزّراعة مقوم أساسي للاقتصاد الوطني.
وتلتزم الدولة بحماية الرقعة الزراعية وزيادتها، وتجريم الاعتداء عليها، ...
كما تلتزم الدولة بتخصيص نسبة من الأراضي المستصلحة لصغار الفلاحين وشباب الخريجين، وحماية الفلاح والعامل الزراعى من الاستغلال، وذلك كله على النحو الذي ينظمه القانون. (المادّة 29)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Colombia
- EnglishThe form of the indigenous territorial entities will be made subject to what the Organic Law of Territorial Ordering provides, and their delimitation will be made by the National Government, with the participation of the representatives of the indigenous communities, after the opinion of the Commission of Territorial Ordering.
The reservations [resguardos] are collective property and non-alienable.
… (Art. 329) - SpanishLa conformación de las entidades territoriales indígenas se hará con sujeción a lo dispuesto en la Ley Orgánica de Ordenamiento Territorial, y su delimitación se hará por el Gobierno Nacional, con participación de los representantes de las comunidades indígenas, previo concepto de la Comisión de Ordenamiento Territorial. Los resguardos son de propiedad colectiva y no enajenable.
... (Art. 329)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Liechtenstein
- English1) Every Liechtenstein citizen shall have the right to reside freely in any location within the territory of the State and to acquire all forms of property, in accordance with further detailed legal provisions.
... (Art. 28) - German1) Jeder Landesangehörige hat das Recht, sich unter Beobachtung der näheren gesetzlichen Bestimmungen an jedem Orte des Staatsgebietes frei niederzulassen und Vermögen jeder Art zu erwerben.
... (Art. 28)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kenya
- English...
(4) The provisions of this Chapter12 on equality shall be qualified to the extent strictly necessary for the application of Muslim law before the Kadhis’ courts, to persons who profess the Muslim religion, in matters relating to personal status, marriage, divorce and inheritance.
… (Art. 24) - Swahili...
(4) Vifungu katika Sura hii kwa usawa vitatumika kwa kiwango ambacho ni lazima kabisa kutumia sharia ya Kiislamu mbele ya mahakama za Kadhi, kwa watu ambao ni waumini wa dini ya Kiisilamu, katika maswala yanayohusu hadhi binafsi, ndoa, talaka na urithi.
… (Kifungu cha 24)