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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kuwait
- EnglishOwnership, capital and labor are the mainstays of the State's social entity and of national wealth. They all are individual rights with social functions regulated by Law. (Art. 16)
- Arabicالملكية ورأس المال والعمل مقومات أساسية لكيان الدولة الاجتماعي وللثروة الوطنية،وهي جميعاً حقوق فردية ذات وظيفة اجتماعية ينظمها القانون. (المادّة 16)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Spain
- English(1) The right to private property and inheritance is recognized.
… (Sec. 33) - Spanish1. Se reconoce el derecho a la propiedad privada y a la herencia.
… (Art. 33)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Sudan
- EnglishDuring the transitional period, state agencies shall work on performing the following duties:
…
i. Return properties belonging to organizations and individuals that were confiscated due to war in accordance with the law.
j. Adhere to the relevant international standards for compensation and return of properties to displaced persons and refugees, and ensure and guarantee the human rights of displaced persons and refugees set forth in international agreements and national laws within the voluntary return process and after.
... (Art. 67) - Arabicتعمل اجهزة الدولةفي الفترة الانتقاليه في انفاذ المهام الأتيه:
9. إرجاع الممتلكات التي تخص التنظيمات والافراد التي تمت مصادرتها بسبب الحرب وفقاً للقانون.
10. الإلتزام بالمعايير الدولية ذات صله بتعويض واعادة الممتلكات النازحيين واللاجئين وكفالة وضمان حقوق الانسان النازح واللاجئ المنصوص عليها في الاتفاقيات الدولية والقوانين الوطنية خلال عملية العوده الطوعية وبعدها.
(الماده 68)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Trinidad and Tobago
- EnglishIt is hereby recognised and declared that in Trinidad and Tobago there have existed and shall continue to exist, without discrimination by reason of race, origin, colour, religion or sex, the following fundamental human rights and freedoms, namely–
(a) the right of the individual to life, liberty, security of the person and enjoyment of property and the right not to be deprived thereof except by due process of law;
… (Sec. 4)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Maldives
- English(a) Every citizen has the right to acquire, own, inherit, transfer or otherwise transact of such property.
(b) Private property shall be inviolable,
… (Art. 40) - Dhivehi(ހ) މުދާ ހޯދުމާއި، މިލްކުކުރުމާއި، ވާރުތަކުރުމާއި، ދިނުމާއި، މުދަލުން މުޢާމަލާތުކުރުމުގެ ޙައްޤު ކޮންމެ ރައްޔިތަކަށްމެ ލިބިގެންވެއެވެ.
(ށ) މީސްމީހުންގެ މުދަލަކީ ނިގުޅައިގަނެގެންވާނޭ ތަކެއްޗެއް ނޫނެވެ.
... (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 40 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
New Zealand
- EnglishHer Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf. (Treaty of Waitangi, Article the Second)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Zambia
- English1. Land shall be held, used and managed in accordance with the following principles:
a. equitable access to land and associated resources;
b. security of tenure for lawful land holders;
c. recognition of indigenous cultural rites;
d. sustainable use of land;
e. transparent, effective and efficient administration of land;
f. effective and efficient settlement of land disputes;
g. river frontages, islands, lakeshores and ecologically and culturally sensitive areas—
i. to be accessible to the public;
ii. not to be leased, fenced or sold; and
iii. to be maintained and used for conservation and preservation activities;
h. investments in land to also benefit local communities and their economy; and
i. plans for land use to be done in a consultative and participatory manner. (Art. 253)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Azerbaijan
- English…
II. With the exception of cases specified by law, infringement upon a person's … property, residence, … is prohibited. (Art. 31) - Azerbaijani…
II. Qanunda nəzərdə tutulmuş hallar istisna olmaqla, şəxsin … mülkiyyətinə, mənzilinə qəsd etmək, ona qarşı … qadağandır. (Maddə 31)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Nepal
- English(1) The Federal Parliament shall make necessary laws in relation to the rights of the trust and the farmers enjoying possessory rights over trust lands in a manner not to be prejudicial to the basic norms of the trusts.
… (Art. 290) - Nepali(१) गुठीको मूलभूत मान्यतामा प्रतिकूल असर नपर्नेगरी गुठी जग्गामा भोगाधिकार भैरहेका किसान एवं गुठीको अधिकारका सम्बन्धमा संघीय संसदले आवश्यक कानून बनाउनेछ ।
... (धारा २९०)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Tonga
- EnglishSince it appears to be the will of God that man should be free as He has made all men of one blood therefore shall the people of Tonga and all who sojourn or may sojourn in this Kingdom be free for ever. And all men may use their lives and persons and time to acquire and possess property and to dispose of their labour and the fruit of their hands and to use their own property as they will. (Clause 1)
- TonganKo e me‘a ‘i he ha mai ko e finangalo ‘o e ‘Otua ke tau‘atāina ‘a e tangata ko e me‘a ‘i he ‘ene ngaohi ‘o toto pe taha ‘a e kakai kotoa pe ko ia ‘e tau‘ataina ‘o ta‘engata ‘a e kakai Tonga mo e kakai kotoa pe ‘oku nofo ni pea ‘e nofo ‘i he Pule’anga ni. Pea ‘e ‘atā ki he kakai kotoa pe ‘enau mo‘ui mo honau sino mo honau taimi ke kumi mo ma‘u koloa pea ke fa‘iteliha ki he ngaue mo e fua ‘o honau nima pea ke pule‘i tāfataha pe ‘e kinautolu ‘a e ngaahi me‘a ‘anautolu. (Kupu 1)