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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(5) Article 89 shall not apply to the State of Sabah or Sarawak, and Article 8 shall not invalidate or prohibit any provision of State law in the State of Sabah or Sarawak for the reservation of land for natives of the State or for alienation to them, or for giving them preferential treatment as regards the alienation of land by the State.
(6) In this Article “native” means—
(a) in relation to Sarawak, a person who is a citizen and either belongs to one of the races specified in Clause (7) as indigenous to the State or is of mixed blood deriving exclusively from those races; and
(b) in relation to Sabah, a person who is a citizen, is the child or grandchild of a person of a race indigenous to Sabah, and was born (whether on or after Malaysia Day or not) either in Sabah or to a father domiciled in Sabah at the time of the birth.
(7) The races to be treated for the purposes of the definition of “native” in Clause (6) as indigenous to Sarawak are the Bukitans, Bisayahs, Dusuns, Sea Dayaks, Land Dayaks, Kadayans, Kalabits, Kayans, Kenyahs (including Sabups and Sipengs), Kajangs (including Sekapans, Kejamans, Lahanans, Punans, Tanjongs and Kanowits), Lugats, Lisums, Malays, Melanos, Muruts, Penans, Sians, Tagals, Tabuns and Ukits. (Art. 161A) - Malay…
(5) Perkara 89 tidaklah terpakai bagi Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak, dan Perkara 8 tidaklah menidaksahkan atau melarang apa-apa peruntukan undang-undang Negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak bagi merizabkan tanah bagi anak negeri Negeri itu atau bagi memberikan hakmilik kepada mereka, atau bagi memberikan layanan keutamaan kepada mereka berkenaan dengan pemberian hakmilik tanah oleh Negeri itu.
(6) Dalam Perkara ini “anak negeri” ertinya—
(a) berhubung dengan Sarawak, seseorang yang merupakan warganegara dan sama ada yang tergolong dalam salah satu daripada ras yang dinyatakan dalam Fasal (7) sebagai ras asli bagi Negeri itu atau yang berketurunan campuran yang berasal semata-mata daripada ras-ras itu; dan
(b) berhubung dengan Sabah, seseorang yang merupakan warganegara, ialah anak atau cucu kepada seorang daripada suatu ras asli bagi Sabah, dan telah lahir (sama ada atau tidak pada atau selepas Hari Malaysia) sama ada di Sabah atau dengan bapanya berdomisil di Sabah pada masa kelahiran itu.
(7) Ras-ras yang dikira sebagai ras asli bagi Sarawak bagi maksud takrif “anak negeri” dalam Fasal (6) ialah Bukitan, Bisayah, Dusun, Dayak, Dayak Laut, Dayak Darat, Kadayan, Kalabit, Kayan, Kenyah (termasuk Sabup dan Sipeng), Kajang (termasuk Sekapan, Kejaman, Lahanan, Punan, Tanjong dan Kanowit), Lugat, Lisum, Melayu, Melano, Murut, Penan, Sian, Tagal, Tabun dan Ukit. (Perkara 161A)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Where any Banaban possesses any right over or interest in any land in Banaba, such right or interest shall not be affected in any way by reason of the fact that he resides in Rabi Island in Fiji.
2. Where the Republic has acquired any right over or interest in land in Banaba-
a. from any Banaban for the purpose of phosphate extraction; or
b. by operation of law where the Crown had acquired it before Independence Day from any Banaban for that purpose, the Republic shall transfer that right or interest to the Banaban from whom it was acquired (whether by the Republic or the Crown) or to his heirs and successors upon the completion of phosphate extraction from that land.
3. Where any Banaban possesses any right over or interest in land in Banaba, no such right or interest shall be compulsorily acquired other than a leasehold interest and in accordance with section 8(1) of this Constitution, and then only where the following conditions are satisfied, that is to say-
a. the Banaba Island Council has been consulted; and
b. every reasonable effort has been made to acquired the interest by agreement with the person who possesses the right over or interest in the land.
… (Sec. 119)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Women have the right to full and equal protection by the law, and have the right not to be discriminated against on the basis of their gender or marital status which includes the right—
a. to be accorded the same rights as men in civil law, including equal capacity—
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ii. to acquire and maintain rights in property, independently or in association with others, regardless of their marital status;
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b. on the dissolution of marriage, howsoever entered into—
i. to a fair disposition of property that is held jointly with a husband;
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2. Any law that discriminates against women on the basis of gender or marital status shall be invalid and legislation shall be passed to eliminate customs and practices that discriminate against women, particularly practices such as—
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c. deprivation of property, including property obtained by inheritance. (Sec. 24)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishA special agency to be known as THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRARIAN REFORM shall be established to organize the revision of real property structures and to implement an agrarian reform to benefit those who actually work the land. This Institute shall draw up an agrarian policy geared to optimizing productivity by constructing infrastructure aimed at the protection and management of the land. (Art. 248)
- FrenchIl est créé un Organisme Spécial dénommé INSTITUT NATIONAL DE LA REFORME AGRAIRE en vue d'organiser la refonte des structures foncières et mettre en oeuvre une réforme agraire au bénéfice des réels exploitants de la terre. Cet Institut élabore une politique agraire axée sur l'optimisation de la productivité au moyen de la mise en place d'infrastructure visant la protection de l'aménagement de la terre. (Art. 248)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
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(6) The husband and wife shall have the equal right to property and family affairs. (Art. 38) - Nepali
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(६) सम्पत्ति तथा पारिवारिक मामिलामा दम्पतीको समान हक हुनेछ । (धारा ३८)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (5), (6) and (9) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(4) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(5) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in the preceding subsection (or of persons connected with such persons), of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters that is the personal law applicable to persons of that description;
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(e) with respect to land, the tenure of land, the resumption and acquisition of land and other like purposes;
… (Sec. 15)7
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishIn granting titles for the use and enjoyment of land, the State shall recognise and protect rights acquired through inheritance or by occupation, unless there is a legal reservation or the land has been lawfully granted to another person or entity. (Art. 111)
- PortugueseNa titularização do direito de uso e aproveitamento da terra, o Estado reconhece e protege os direitos adquiridos por herança ou ocupação, salvo havendo reserva legal ou se a terra tiver sido legalmente atribuída à outra pessoa ou entidade. (Art. 111)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The Agrarian Reform is the fundamental instrument for the democratization of ownership [propiedad] and the just distribution of the land; it is a means that constitutes an essential part for the global promotion and strategy of the ecological reconstruction and the sustainable economic development of the country. The Agrarian Reform shall take into account the socially necessary land-man relation; also[,] ownerships are guaranteed to the peasants [campesinos] benefiting from it, in accordance with the law. (Art. 106)
- Spanish
La Reforma agraria es instrumento fundamental para la democratización de la propiedad y la justa distribución de la tierra y es un medio que constituye parte esencial para la promoción y estrategia global de la reconstrucción ecológica y el desarrollo económico sostenible del país. La Reforma agraria tendrá en cuenta la relación tierra hombre socialmente necesaria; también se garantiza las propiedades a los campesinos beneficiarios de la misma de acuerdo con la ley. (Art. 106)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishNotwithstanding the provisions of Section 7 of this Article, a natural-born citizen of the Philippines who has lost his Philippine citizenship may be a transferee of private lands, subject to limitations provided by law. (Art. XII, Sec. 8)
- FilipinoSa kabila ng mga tadhana ng Seksyon 7 ng Artikulong ito, ang isang katutubong inianak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas na nawalan ng pagkamamamayang Pilipino ay maaaring palipatan ng mga lupaing pribado, batay sa mga katakdaang itinatadhana ng batas. (Art. XII, Seksyon 8)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishParliament, after consultation with the Malvatumauri Council of Chiefs, shall provide for the implementation of Articles 73, 74 and 75 in a national land law and may make different provision for different categories of land, one of which shall be urban land. (Art. 76)
- FrenchUne loi foncière nationale, votée par le Parlement après consultation du Conseil des Chefs Malvatumauri, met en œuvre les prescriptions des articles 73, 74 et 75. Cette loi peut prévoir des dispositions différentes selon les catégories de terres, l'une d'entre elles étant constituée par la propriété urbaine. (Art. 76)