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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) The Federal Parliament shall make necessary laws in relation to the rights of the trust and the farmers enjoying possessory rights over trust lands in a manner not to be prejudicial to the basic norms of the trusts.
… (Art. 290) - Nepali(१) गुठीको मूलभूत मान्यतामा प्रतिकूल असर नपर्नेगरी गुठी जग्गामा भोगाधिकार भैरहेका किसान एवं गुठीको अधिकारका सम्बन्धमा संघीय संसदले आवश्यक कानून बनाउनेछ ।
... (धारा २९०)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishSince it appears to be the will of God that man should be free as He has made all men of one blood therefore shall the people of Tonga and all who sojourn or may sojourn in this Kingdom be free for ever. And all men may use their lives and persons and time to acquire and possess property and to dispose of their labour and the fruit of their hands and to use their own property as they will. (Clause 1)
- TonganKo e me‘a ‘i he ha mai ko e finangalo ‘o e ‘Otua ke tau‘atāina ‘a e tangata ko e me‘a ‘i he ‘ene ngaohi ‘o toto pe taha ‘a e kakai kotoa pe ko ia ‘e tau‘ataina ‘o ta‘engata ‘a e kakai Tonga mo e kakai kotoa pe ‘oku nofo ni pea ‘e nofo ‘i he Pule’anga ni. Pea ‘e ‘atā ki he kakai kotoa pe ‘enau mo‘ui mo honau sino mo honau taimi ke kumi mo ma‘u koloa pea ke fa‘iteliha ki he ngaue mo e fua ‘o honau nima pea ke pule‘i tāfataha pe ‘e kinautolu ‘a e ngaahi me‘a ‘anautolu. (Kupu 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishWHEREAS the people of Belize-
…
(e) require policies of state … which preserve the right of the individual to the ownership of private property and the right to operate private businesses;
… (Preamble)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishPrivate property is inviolable; … (Art. 27)
- Arabicالملكية الخاصّة مصونة … (المادّة 27)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Everyone has the right to own, use and dispose of his property and the results of his activities. (Art. 40)
- Russian
Каждый имеет право на владение, пользование и распоряжение своим имуществом, результатами своей деятельности. (Статья 40)
- Kyrgyz
Ар бир адам өзүнүн мүлкүнө, өз ишмердигинин натыйжаларына ээлик кылууга, пайдаланууга жана тескөөгө укуктуу. (40-берене)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
An individual who possesses an urban area of up to two hundred and fifty square meters, for five years, without interruption or opposition, using it as his or as his family’s home, shall acquire domain of it, provided that he does not own any other urban or rural property.
Paragraph 1. The deed of domain and concession of use shall be granted to the man or woman, or both, regardless of their marital status.
Paragraph 2. This right shall not be recognized for the same holder more than once.
… (Art. 183) - Portuguese
Aquele que possuir como sua área urbana de até duzentos e cinqüenta metros quadrados, por cinco anos, ininterruptamente e sem oposição, utilizando-a para sua moradia ou de sua família, adquirir-lhe-á o domínio, desde que não seja proprietário de outro imóvel urbano ou rural.
§ 1º O título de domínio e a concessão de uso serão conferidos ao homem ou à mulher, ou a ambos, independentemente do estado civil.
§ 2º Esse direito não será reconhecido ao mesmo possuidor mais de uma vez.
… (Art. 183)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. Every individual has the right to private property and can transfer it during his or her lifetime or on death, in accordance with the law.
…
4. Only national citizens have the right to ownership of land. (Sec. 54) - Tetum1. Ema hotu-hotu iha direitu ba propriedade privada, no bele fó ba ema seluk wainhira sei moris no mós wainhira mate, tuir lei nia lalao’k.
…
4. Ema sidadaun nasionál de’it maka bele iha direitu ba propriedade privada sidadaun nian. (Art. 54) - Portuguese1. Todo o indivíduo tem direito à propriedade privada, podendo transmiti-la em vida e por morte, nos termos da lei.
…
4. Só os cidadãos nacionais têm direito à propriedade privada da terra. (Art. 54)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5), no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(4) In this section, the expression "discrimination" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, colour, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject, or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(5) Subsection (2) shall not apply to any law in so far as that law makes provision—
…
(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Sec. 33)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
The right to transmit one’s assets by inheritance or gift is recognized conforming to the laws and regulations in force. (Art. 25)
- French
Le droit de transmettre ses biens sur succession ou libéralités est reconnu conformément aux lois et règlements en vigueur. (Art. 25)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe following are recognized as forms of property:
a. Socialist property of the entire population: in which the State acts as a representative and beneficiary of the people as property owner.
b. Cooperative property: that which is sustained through the collective labor of partner owners and through the effective exercise of the principles of cooperativism.
c. Property of political, social, and mass organizations: ownership that they exercise over their goods designed to fulfill their roles.
d. Private ownership: that which is exercised over specific means of production by natural or legal persons, Cubans or foreigners; with a complementary role in the economy.
e. Mixed property: that which is formed through the combination of two or more forms of ownership.
f. Institutional and associative property: that which these groups exercise over their goods for non-profit purposes.
g. Personal property: that which is exercised over one's belongings that, without constituting means of production, contribute to the satisfaction of the material and spiritual necessities of their owner.
All forms of ownership over means of production interact in similar ways; the State regulates and monitors the way in which they contribute to economic and social development.
The exercise and attainment of these forms of ownership are regulated by the law. (Art. 22) - SpanishSe reconocen como formas de propiedad, las siguientes:
a) socialista de todo el pueblo: en la que el Estado actúa en representación y beneficio de aquel como propietario;
b) cooperativa: la sustentada en el trabajo colectivo de sus socios propietarios y en el ejercicio efectivo de los principios del cooperativismo;
c) de las organizaciones políticas, de masas y sociales: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre los bienes destinados al cumplimiento de sus fines;
d) privada: la que se ejerce sobre determinados medios de producción por personas naturales o jurídicas cubanas o extranjeras; con un papel complementario en la economía;
e) mixta: la formada por la combinación de dos o más formas de propiedad;
f) de instituciones y formas asociativas: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre sus bienes para el cumplimiento de fines de carácter no lucrativo;
g) personal: la que se ejerce sobre los bienes que, sin constituir medios de producción, contribuyen a la satisfacción de las necesidades materiales y espirituales de su titular.
Todas las formas de propiedad sobre los medios de producción interactúan en similares condiciones; el Estado regula y controla el modo en que contribuyen al desarrollo económico y social.
La ley regula lo relativo al ejercicio y alcance de las formas de propiedad. (Art. 22)