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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishI. Individual agrarian property is classified as small, medium and business, according to the surface area, the production, and the development criteria. Its maximum and minimum dimensions, characteristics and forms of conversion shall be regulated by law. Legally acquired rights by individual owners, whose piece of land is inside rural native indigenous territories, are guaranteed.
II. The small property is indivisible; it constitutes a family asset that cannot be attached, and it is not subject to agrarian property taxes. The indivisibility does not affect the right of hereditary succession under conditions established by law.
III. The State recognizes, protects and guarantees communitarian or collective property, which includes rural native indigenous territory, native, intercultural communities and rural communities. Collective property is indivisible, may not be subject to prescription or attachment, is inalienable and irreversible, and it is not subject to agrarian property taxes. Communities can be owners, recognizing the complementary character of collective and individual rights, respecting the territorial unity in common. (Art. 394) - SpanishI. La propiedad agraria individual se clasifica en pequeña, mediana y empresarial, en función a la superficie, a la producción y a los criterios de desarrollo. Sus extensiones máximas y mínimas, características y formas de conversión serán reguladas por la ley. Se garantizan los derechos legalmente adquiridos por propietarios particulares cuyos predios se encuentren ubicados al interior de territorios indígena originario campesinos.
II. La pequeña propiedad es indivisible, constituye patrimonio familiar inembargable, y no está sujeta al pago de impuestos a la propiedad agraria. La indivisibilidad no afecta el derecho a la sucesión hereditaria en las condiciones establecidas por ley.
III. El Estado reconoce, protege y garantiza la propiedad comunitaria o colectiva, que comprende el territorio indígena originario campesino, las comunidades interculturales originarias y de las comunidades campesinas. La propiedad colectiva se declara indivisible, imprescriptible, inembargable, inalienable e irreversible y no está sujeta al pago de impuestos a la propiedad agraria. Las comunidades podrán ser tituladas reconociendo la complementariedad entre derechos colectivos e individuales respetando la unidad territorial con identidad. (Art. 394)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe Central African People, …
Resolved to build a State of Law founded on a pluralistic democracy, the respect for the separation and the equilibrium of the powers to [en vue de] guarantee the security of persons and of property [biens], … (Preamble) - FrenchLE PEUPLE CENTRAFRICAIN, …
Résolu à construire un Etat de droit fondé sur une démocratie pluraliste, le respect de la séparation et de l’équilibre des pouvoirs en vue de garantir la sécurité des personnes et des biens, … (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) The right to property and inheritance shall be guaranteed and protected by law.
(2) Property shall be private and public.
(3) Private property shall be inviolable.
… (Art. 17) - Bulgarian(1) Правото на собственост и на наследяване се гарантира и защитавɚ от закона.
(2) Собствеността е частна и публична.
(3) Частната собственост е неприкосновена.
… (Чл. 17)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe Constitution assures to all persons:
…
23. Freedom to acquire ownership over all classes of assets, except those which nature has made common to all men or which should belong to the entire Nation, and that the law so declares. The above is without prejudice to [what is] prescribed in other precepts of this Constitution.
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24. The right of ownership in its diverse kinds over all classes of corporeal and incorporeal assets.
Only the law can establish the manner [modo] to acquire property and to use, enjoy and dispose of it, and the limitations and obligations which derive from its social function.
… (Art. 19) - SpanishLa Constitución asegura a todas las personas:
...
23º.- La libertad para adquirir el dominio de toda clase de bienes, excepto aquellos que la naturaleza ha hecho comunes a todos los hombres o que deban pertenecer a la Nación toda y la ley lo declare así. Lo anterior es sin perjuicio de lo prescrito en otros preceptos de esta Constitución.
...
24º.- El derecho de propiedad en sus diversas especies sobre toda clase de bienes corporales o incorporales.
Sólo la ley puede establecer el modo de adquirir la propiedad, de usar, gozar y disponer de ella y las limitaciones y obligaciones que deriven de su función social.
... (Art. 19)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishWithout prejudice to the other provisions of this Constitution, the law determines the fundamental principles concerning:
…
3. The regime of land, mining, forestry and real property;
… (Art. 123) - FrenchSans préjudice des autres dispositions de la présente Constitution, la loi détermine les principes fondamentaux concernant:
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3. le régime foncier, minier, forestier et immobilier;
… (Art. 123)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
The law establishes the rules concerning:
…
- … the status [état] and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts;
…
The law determines the fundamental principles:
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- of the regime of property, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 72) - French…
La loi fixe les règles concernant :
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- … l'état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités ;
…
La loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
…
- du régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales ;
… (Art. 72)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1 1° The State acknowledges that man, in virtue of his rational being, has the natural right, antecedent to positive law, to the private ownership of external goods.
2° The State accordingly guarantees to pass no law attempting to abolish the right of private ownership or the general right to transfer, bequeath, and inherit property.
… (Art. 43) - Irish Gaelic1 1° Admhaíonn an Stát, toisc bua an réasúin a bheith ag an duine, go bhfuil sé de cheart nádúrtha aige maoin shaolta a bheith aige dá chuid féin go príobháideach, ceart is ársa ná reacht daonna.
2° Uime sin, ráthaíonn an Stát gan aon dlí a achtú d’iarraidh an ceart sin, ná gnáthcheart an duine chun maoin a shannadh agus a thiomnú agus a ghlacadh ina hoidhreacht, a chur ar ceal.
… (Airteagal 43)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishAncestral, indigenous, Afro-Ecuadorian and coastal back-country (montubios) peoples can establish territorial districts for the preservation of their culture. The law shall regulate their establishment.
Communities (comunas) that have collective land ownership are recognized as an ancestral form of territorial organization. (Art. 60) - SpanishLos pueblos ancestrales, indígenas, afroecuatorianos y montubios podrán constituir circunscripciones territoriales para la preservación de su cultura. La ley regulará su conformación.
Se reconoce a las comunas que tienen propiedad colectiva de la tierra, como una forma ancestral de organización territorial. (Art. 60)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Outside of the cases expressly provided for by the Constitution, the law establishes the rules concerning:
…
– … the state and the capacity of persons, the matrimonial regimes, inheritance and gifts,
…
– the regime of domain, land use,
…
– the regime of ownership, of real rights and of civil and commercial obligations;
… (Art. 47) - French
En dehors des cas expressément prévus par la Constitution, la loi fixe les règles concernant:
…
- … l’état et la capacité des personnes, les régimes matrimoniaux, les successions et les libéralités,
…
- le régime domanial, foncier,
…
- le régime de la propriété, des droits réels et des obligations civiles et commerciales;
… (Art. 47)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. The following shall fall within the exclusive competence of the supreme state authorities of Georgia:
…
b) … legislation pertaining to land, minerals, and other natural resources;
… (Art. 7) - Georgian1. საქართველოს უმაღლეს სახელმწიფო ორგანოთა განსაკუთრებულ გამგებლობას მიეკუთვნება:
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ბ) … მიწის, წიაღისეულისა და სხვა ბუნებრივი რესურსების კანონმდებლობა;
… (მუხლი 7)