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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Natural resources, in particular arable land, forests and water reserves; biodiversity, in particular native plant and animal species; and cultural artefacts, shall form the common heritage of the nation. It shall be the obligation of the State and everyone to protect and maintain them, and to preserve them for future generations.
(2) The limits and conditions for acquisition of ownership and for use of arable land and forests that are necessary for achieving the objectives referred to in paragraph (1), as well as the rules concerning the organisation of integrated agricultural production and concerning family farms and other agricultural holdings, shall be laid down in a cardinal Act. (Foundation, Art. P) - Hungarian(1) A természeti erőforrások, különösen a termőföld, az erdők és a vízkészlet, a biológiai sokféleség, különösen a honos növény- és állatfajok, valamint a kulturális értékek a nemzet közös örökségét képezik, amelynek védelme, fenntartása és a jövő nemzedékek számára való megőrzése az állam és mindenki kötelessége.
(2) A termőföld és az erdők tulajdonjogának megszerzése, valamint hasznosítása (1) bekezdés szerinti célok eléréséhez szükséges korlátait és feltételeit, valamint az integrált mezőgazdasági termelésszervezésre és a családi gazdaságokra, továbbá más mezőgazdasági üzemekre vonatkozó szabályokat sarkalatos törvény határozza meg. (Alapvetés, P) cikk)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…(2) Save as may be required by the exigencies of any particular situation, a citizen of Eswatini, without regard to gender, shall have equal access to land for normal domestic purposes.… (Sec. 211)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Community land shall vest in and be held by communities identified on the basis of ethnicity, culture or similar community of interest.
(2) Community land consists of—
(a) land lawfully registered in the name of group representatives under the provisions of any law;
(b) land lawfully transferred to a specific community by any process of law;
(c) any other land declared to be community land by an Act of Parliament; and
(d) land that is—
(i) lawfully held, managed or used by specific communities as community forests, grazing areas or shrines;
(ii) ancestral lands and lands traditionally occupied by hunter-gatherer communities; or
(iii) lawfully held as trust land by the county governments, but not including any public land held in trust by the county government under Article 62(2).
… (Art. 63) - Swahili(1) Ardhi ya jamii itakabidhiwa na kushikiliwa na jamii zinazotambuliwa kwa msingi wa kabila, utamaduni au jamii yenye maslahi yanayofanana.
(2) Ardhi ya jumuiya inajumuisha—
(a) ardhi iliyosajiliwa kihalali kwa jina la wawakilishi wa kikundi chini ya masharti ya sheria yoyote;
(b) ardhi ambayo umilikiwa wake umehamishwa kihalali kwenda kwa jamii mahususi kwa mchakato wowote wa sheria;
(c) ardhi nyingine yoyote iliyotangazwa kuwa ardhi ya jamii kwa Sheria ya Bunge; na
(d) ardhi ambayo—
(i) inashikiliwa kihalali, inayosimamiwa au kutumiwa na jamii mahususi kama misitu ya jamii, maeneo ya malisho au shughuli za kiimani;
(ii) ardhi za mababu na ardhi ambazo kiutamaduni zilishikiliwa na jamii za wawindaji na waokotaji; au
(iii) imeshikiliwa kisheria na serikali za kaunti kama ardhi ya amana, lakini haijumuishi ardhi yoyote ya umma inayoshikiliwa na serikali ya kaunti chini ya Kifungu cha 62(2).
… (Kifungu cha 63)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe right to private property [serving] as a social function is recognized and guaranteed.
… (Art. 103) - SpanishSe reconoce y garantiza el derecho a la propiedad privada en función social.
… (Art. 103)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
(1) The State shall protect the property.
(2) The State shall guarantee to everyone the right to possess property in any such form as requested by the incumbent, as long as these forms do not conflict with the interests of society.
… (Art. 127) - Moldovian
(1) Statul ocroteşte proprietatea.
(2) Statul garantează realizarea dreptului de proprietate în formele solicitate de titular, dacă acestea nu vin în contradicţie cu interesele societăţii.
… (Art. 127)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English1. The Republic of Poland shall protect ownership and the right of succession.
... (Art. 21) - Polish1. Rzeczpospolita Polska chroni własność i prawo dziedziczenia.
… (Art. 21)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
Considering that the liberty, the equality, and the dignity of Man cannot be assured except in a society which consecrates the primacy of law, concerned by creating durable conditions for a harmonious social evolution, respectful of the precepts of Islam, sole source of law and open to the exigencies of the modern world, the Mauritanian people proclaim, in particular, the intangible guarantee of the following rights and principles:
…
- the right of property;
… (Preamble) - Arabic...
نظرا إلي أن الحرّية و المساواة و كرامة الإنسان يستحيل ضمانها إلا في ظلّ مجتمع يكرّس سيادة القانون، و حرصا منه على خلق الظّروف الثّابتة لنموّ اجتماعي منسجم ، يحترم أحكام الدّين الإسلامي ، المصدر الوحيد للقانون ، و يلائم متطلّبات العالم الحديث ، يعلن الشّعب الموريتاني على وجه الخصوص الضّمان الأكيد للحقوق و المبادئ التالية:
...
- حقّ الملكية،
... (الدّيباجة) - French…
Considérant que la liberté, l'égalité et la dignité de l'Homme ne peuvent être assurées que dans une société qui consacre la primauté du droit, soucieux de créer les conditions durables d'une évolution sociale harmonieuse, respectueuse des préceptes de l'Islam, seule source de droit et ouverte aux exigences du monde moderne, le peuple mauritanien proclame, en particulier, la garantie intangible des droits et principes suivants :
…
- le droit de propriété ;
… (Préambule)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishIt is the duty of the state to adopt measures to protect the rights and interests of the indigenous communities in the country, especially of the lands and forests in which they are settled. (Art. 346)
- SpanishEs deber del Estado dictar medidas de protección de los derechos e intereses de las comunidades indígenas existentes en el país, especialmente de las tierras y bosques donde estuvieren asentadas. (Art. 346)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) The right to own or to hold property is inviolable.
(2) Property rights shall be defined by law, in conformity with the public welfare.
… (Art. 29) - Japanese1 財産権は、これを侵してはならない。
2 財産権の内容は、公共の福祉に適合するやうに、法律でこれを定める。
… (第29条)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
Private property and entrepreneurship shall be secured. Limitations shall be determined by law for the purpose of protecting general interest.
… (Art. 10) - Italian
La proprietà e l'iniziativa economica privata sono garantite. La legge ne prescrive i limiti a tutela dell'interesse pubblico.
... (Art. 10)