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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English
An individual who possesses an urban area of up to two hundred and fifty square meters, for five years, without interruption or opposition, using it as his or as his family’s home, shall acquire domain of it, provided that he does not own any other urban or rural property.
Paragraph 1. The deed of domain and concession of use shall be granted to the man or woman, or both, regardless of their marital status.
Paragraph 2. This right shall not be recognized for the same holder more than once.
… (Art. 183) - Portuguese
Aquele que possuir como sua área urbana de até duzentos e cinqüenta metros quadrados, por cinco anos, ininterruptamente e sem oposição, utilizando-a para sua moradia ou de sua família, adquirir-lhe-á o domínio, desde que não seja proprietário de outro imóvel urbano ou rural.
§ 1º O título de domínio e a concessão de uso serão conferidos ao homem ou à mulher, ou a ambos, independentemente do estado civil.
§ 2º Esse direito não será reconhecido ao mesmo possuidor mais de uma vez.
… (Art. 183)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(a) Every citizen has the right to acquire, own, inherit, transfer or otherwise transact of such property.
(b) Private property shall be inviolable,
… (Art. 40) - Dhivehi(ހ) މުދާ ހޯދުމާއި، މިލްކުކުރުމާއި، ވާރުތަކުރުމާއި، ދިނުމާއި، މުދަލުން މުޢާމަލާތުކުރުމުގެ ޙައްޤު ކޮންމެ ރައްޔިތަކަށްމެ ލިބިގެންވެއެވެ.
(ށ) މީސްމީހުންގެ މުދަލަކީ ނިގުޅައިގަނެގެންވާނޭ ތަކެއްޗެއް ނޫނެވެ.
... (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 40 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(2) Subject to the provisions of subsection (5), no law shall make any provision which is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(4) In this section, the expression "discrimination" means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, colour, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject, or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(5) Subsection (2) shall not apply to any law in so far as that law makes provision—
…
(c) with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Sec. 33)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishHer Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the Chiefs and Tribes of New Zealand and to the respective families and individuals thereof the full exclusive and undisturbed possession of their Lands and Estates Forests Fisheries and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession; but the Chiefs of the United Tribes and the individual Chiefs yield to Her Majesty the exclusive right of Preemption over such lands as the proprietors thereof may be disposed to alienate at such prices as may be agreed upon between the respective Proprietors and persons appointed by Her Majesty to treat with them in that behalf. (Treaty of Waitangi, Article the Second)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe following are recognized as forms of property:
a. Socialist property of the entire population: in which the State acts as a representative and beneficiary of the people as property owner.
b. Cooperative property: that which is sustained through the collective labor of partner owners and through the effective exercise of the principles of cooperativism.
c. Property of political, social, and mass organizations: ownership that they exercise over their goods designed to fulfill their roles.
d. Private ownership: that which is exercised over specific means of production by natural or legal persons, Cubans or foreigners; with a complementary role in the economy.
e. Mixed property: that which is formed through the combination of two or more forms of ownership.
f. Institutional and associative property: that which these groups exercise over their goods for non-profit purposes.
g. Personal property: that which is exercised over one's belongings that, without constituting means of production, contribute to the satisfaction of the material and spiritual necessities of their owner.
All forms of ownership over means of production interact in similar ways; the State regulates and monitors the way in which they contribute to economic and social development.
The exercise and attainment of these forms of ownership are regulated by the law. (Art. 22) - SpanishSe reconocen como formas de propiedad, las siguientes:
a) socialista de todo el pueblo: en la que el Estado actúa en representación y beneficio de aquel como propietario;
b) cooperativa: la sustentada en el trabajo colectivo de sus socios propietarios y en el ejercicio efectivo de los principios del cooperativismo;
c) de las organizaciones políticas, de masas y sociales: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre los bienes destinados al cumplimiento de sus fines;
d) privada: la que se ejerce sobre determinados medios de producción por personas naturales o jurídicas cubanas o extranjeras; con un papel complementario en la economía;
e) mixta: la formada por la combinación de dos o más formas de propiedad;
f) de instituciones y formas asociativas: la que ejercen estos sujetos sobre sus bienes para el cumplimiento de fines de carácter no lucrativo;
g) personal: la que se ejerce sobre los bienes que, sin constituir medios de producción, contribuyen a la satisfacción de las necesidades materiales y espirituales de su titular.
Todas las formas de propiedad sobre los medios de producción interactúan en similares condiciones; el Estado regula y controla el modo en que contribuyen al desarrollo económico y social.
La ley regula lo relativo al ejercicio y alcance de las formas de propiedad. (Art. 22)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishThe Union shall protect according to law movable and immovable properties of every citizen that are lawfully acquired. (Sec. 356)
- Burmeseနိုင်ငံတော်သည် နိုင်ငံသားများ၏ တရားဝင်ရရှိပိုင်ဆိုင်ထားသော ရွေ့ပြောင်းနိုင်သောပစ္စည်း၊ မရွေ့မပြောင်းနိုင်သောပစ္စည်းများနှင့် စပ်လျဉ်း၍ ဥပဒေအရ ကာကွယ်ပေးရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၅၆)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English…
(7) The State shall guarantee the ownership of property and the right of inheritance.
(8) The State shall recognise that ownership and possession of land carry a social obligation to serve the larger community and, in particular, the State shall recognise that the managers of public, stool, skin and family lands are fiduciaries charged with the obligation to discharge their functions for the benefit respectively of the people of Ghana, of the stool, skin, or family concerned and are accountable as fiduciaries in this regard.
… (Art. 36)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishNothing in Section 37 (protection of the law) or 53 (protection from unjust deprivation of property) invalidates a law that is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper regard for human rights and that provides-
(a) for the recognition of the claimed title of Papua New Guinea to land where-
i. there is a genuine dispute as to whether the land was acquired validly or at all from the customary owners before Independence Day; and
ii. if the land were acquired compulsorily the acquisition would comply with Section 53(1) (protection from unjust deprivation of property); or
(b) for the settlement by extra-judicial means of disputes as to the ownership of customary land that appear not to be capable of being reasonably settled in practice by judicial means; or
(c) for the prohibition or regulation of the holding of certain interests in, or in relation to, some or all land by non-citizens. (Sec. 54)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsections (4), (5) and (7) of this section, no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
(3) In this section, the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by sex, race, place of origin, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subject to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
(4) Subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to any law far as that law makes provision-
…
(c) for the application, in the case of persons of any such description as is mentioned in subsection (3) of this section (or of persons connected with such persons) of the law with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other like matters which is the personal law of persons of that description;
… (Sec. 13)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
- EnglishEvery citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold and dispose of property12 in any part of Pakistan, subject to the Constitution and any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest. (Art. 23)
- Urduدستور اور مفادِ عامہ کے پیشِ نظر قانون کے ذریعے عائد کردہ معقول پابندیوں کے تابع، ہر شہری کو جائیداد حاصل کرنے، قبضہ میں رکھنے اور فروخت کرنے کا حق ہوگا۔ (آرٹیکل۲۳)