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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Portugal
- English1. Everyone is guaranteed the right to private property and to the transmission thereof in life or upon death, in accordance with the Constitution.
... (Art. 62) - Portuguese1. A todos é garantido o direito à propriedade privada e à sua transmissão em vida ou por morte, nos termos da Constituição.
... (Art. 62)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
South Africa
- English...
(4) For the purposes of this section—
(a) the public interest includes the nation’s commitment to land reform, and to reforms to bring about equitable access to all South Africa’s natural resources; and
(b) property is not limited to land.
(5) The state must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within its available resources, to foster conditions which enable citizens to gain access to land on an equitable basis.
(6) A person or community whose tenure of land is legally insecure as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to tenure which is legally secure or to comparable redress.
(7) A person or community dispossessed of property after 19 June 1913 as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an Act of Parliament, either to restitution of that property or to equitable redress.
(8) No provision of this section may impede the state from taking legislative and other measures to achieve land, water and related reform, in order to redress the results of past racial discrimination, provided that any departure from the provisions of this section is in accordance with the provisions of section 36(1).
(9) Parliament must enact the legislation referred to in subsection (6). (Sec. 25)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Kazakhstan
- English…
3. Parliament shall have the right to issue laws that regulate the most important public relations and establish fundamental principles and standards relating to:
…
2) the system of ownership and other real property rights;
… (Art. 61) - Kazak…
3. Парламент аса маңызды қоғамдық қатынастарды реттейтiн, мыналарға:
...
2) меншiк режимiне және өзге де мүлiктiк құқықтарға;
...(61-бап)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Saint Lucia
- EnglishWhereas every person in Saint Lucia is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, that is to say, the right, whatever his or her race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed or sex, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest, to each and all of the following, namely—
…
(c) protection for his or her family life, his or her personal privacy, the privacy of his or her home and other property … (Sec. 1)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Serbia
- EnglishUtilisation and management of agricultural land, forest land and municipal building land on private assets shall be permitted.
... (Art. 88) - Serbian CyrillicКоришћење и располагање пољопривредним земљиштем, шумским земљиштем и градским грађевинским земљиштем у приватној својини, је слободно.
… (Члан 88)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Uganda
- English…
2. Parliament shall make appropriate laws for the protection of the rights of widows and widowers to inherit the property of their deceased spouses and to enjoy parental rights over their children.
… (Art. 31)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Malaysia
- English…
(5) Article 89 shall not apply to the State of Sabah or Sarawak, and Article 8 shall not invalidate or prohibit any provision of State law in the State of Sabah or Sarawak for the reservation of land for natives of the State or for alienation to them, or for giving them preferential treatment as regards the alienation of land by the State.
(6) In this Article “native” means—
(a) in relation to Sarawak, a person who is a citizen and either belongs to one of the races specified in Clause (7) as indigenous to the State or is of mixed blood deriving exclusively from those races; and
(b) in relation to Sabah, a person who is a citizen, is the child or grandchild of a person of a race indigenous to Sabah, and was born (whether on or after Malaysia Day or not) either in Sabah or to a father domiciled in Sabah at the time of the birth.
(7) The races to be treated for the purposes of the definition of “native” in Clause (6) as indigenous to Sarawak are the Bukitans, Bisayahs, Dusuns, Sea Dayaks, Land Dayaks, Kadayans, Kalabits, Kayans, Kenyahs (including Sabups and Sipengs), Kajangs (including Sekapans, Kejamans, Lahanans, Punans, Tanjongs and Kanowits), Lugats, Lisums, Malays, Melanos, Muruts, Penans, Sians, Tagals, Tabuns and Ukits. (Art. 161A) - Malay…
(5) Perkara 89 tidaklah terpakai bagi Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak, dan Perkara 8 tidaklah menidaksahkan atau melarang apa-apa peruntukan undang-undang Negeri di Negeri Sabah atau Sarawak bagi merizabkan tanah bagi anak negeri Negeri itu atau bagi memberikan hakmilik kepada mereka, atau bagi memberikan layanan keutamaan kepada mereka berkenaan dengan pemberian hakmilik tanah oleh Negeri itu.
(6) Dalam Perkara ini “anak negeri” ertinya—
(a) berhubung dengan Sarawak, seseorang yang merupakan warganegara dan sama ada yang tergolong dalam salah satu daripada ras yang dinyatakan dalam Fasal (7) sebagai ras asli bagi Negeri itu atau yang berketurunan campuran yang berasal semata-mata daripada ras-ras itu; dan
(b) berhubung dengan Sabah, seseorang yang merupakan warganegara, ialah anak atau cucu kepada seorang daripada suatu ras asli bagi Sabah, dan telah lahir (sama ada atau tidak pada atau selepas Hari Malaysia) sama ada di Sabah atau dengan bapanya berdomisil di Sabah pada masa kelahiran itu.
(7) Ras-ras yang dikira sebagai ras asli bagi Sarawak bagi maksud takrif “anak negeri” dalam Fasal (6) ialah Bukitan, Bisayah, Dusun, Dayak, Dayak Laut, Dayak Darat, Kadayan, Kalabit, Kayan, Kenyah (termasuk Sabup dan Sipeng), Kajang (termasuk Sekapan, Kejaman, Lahanan, Punan, Tanjong dan Kanowit), Lugat, Lisum, Melayu, Melano, Murut, Penan, Sian, Tagal, Tabun dan Ukit. (Perkara 161A)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Zambia
- English1. Subject to clauses (4), (5) and (7), no law shall make any provision that is discriminatory either of itself or in its effect.
…
3. In this Article the expression “discriminatory” means affording different treatment to different persons attributable, wholly or mainly to their respective descriptions by race, tribe, sex, place of origin, marital status, political opinions, colour or creed whereby persons of one such description are subjected to disabilities or restrictions to which persons of another such description are not made subject or are accorded privileges or advantages which are not accorded to persons of another such description.
4. Clause (1) shall not apply to any law so far as that law makes provision-
…
c. with respect to adoption, marriage, divorce, burial, devolution of property on death or other matters of personal law;
… (Art. 23)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Mongolia
- English
…
2. The State shall recognize all forms of public and private property, and shall protect the rights of the owners by law.
… (Art. 5) - Mongolian
…
2. Төр нь нийтийн болон хувийн өмчийн аливаа хэлбэрийг хүлээн зөвшөөрч, өмчлөгчийн эрхийг хуулиар хамгаална.
… (Тавдугаар зүйл)
Property, Inheritance and Land Tenure
Azerbaijan
- EnglishI. The property in the Republic of Azerbaijan is inviolable and protected by the State.
II. The property can have the form of State property, private property and municipal property.
… (Art. 13) - AzerbaijaniI. Azərbaycan Respublikasında mülkiyyət toxunulmazdır və dövlət tərəfindən müdafiə olunur.
II. Mülkiyyət dövlət mülkiyyəti, xüsusi mülkiyyət və bələdiyyə mülkiyyəti növündə ola bilər.
... (Maddə 13)