SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishEach one has the right to the free development of his personality in its material, intellectual, cultural, artistic and religious dimensions, provided that he does not violate the rights of others, or infringe the constitutional order, the law or morality. (Art. 17)
- FrenchChacun a droit au libre développement de sa personnalité dans ses dimensions matérielle, intellectuelle, culturelle, artistique et religieuse, pourvu qu'il ne viole le droit d'autrui, ni n'enfreigne l'ordre constitutionnel, la loi et les bonnes mœurs. (Art. 17)
Status of the Constitution
- English
The Republic of Belarus shall be governed by the principle of the rule of law.
The Constitution has supreme legal force and direct effect on the entire territory of the Republic of Belarus. Other legal acts are issued on the basis of and in accordance with the Constitution.
The State, all its organs and officials, organisations and citizens shall act within the limits of the Constitution and the laws adopted in accordance therewith.
Legal acts or individual provisions thereof which are deemed under procedure specified in law to be contrary to the provisions of the Constitution have no legal force.
… (Art. 7) - Belarusian
У Рэспубліцы Беларусь устанаўліваецца прынцып вяршэнства права.
Канстытуцыя мае найвышэйшую юрыдычную сілу і прамое дзеянне на ўсёй тэрыторыі Рэспублікі Беларусь. Іншыя прававыя акты выдаюцца на аснове і ў адпаведнасці з Канстытуцыяй.
Дзяржава, усе яе органы і службовыя асобы, арганізацыі і грамадзяне дзейнічаюць у межах Канстытуцыі і прынятых у адпаведнасці з ёю актаў заканадаўства.
Прававыя акты або іх асобныя палажэнні, прызнаныя ва ўстаноўленым законам парадку супярэчнымі з палажэннямі Канстытуцыі, не маюць юрыдычнай сілы.
... (Артыкул 7) - Russian
В Республике Беларусь устанавливается принцип верховенства права.
Конституция имеет высшую юридическую силу и прямое действие на всей территории Республики Беларусь. Иные правовые акты издаются на основе и в соответствии с Конституцией.
Государство, все его органы и должностные лица, организации и граждане действуют в пределах Конституции и принятых в соответствии с ней актов законодательства.
Правовые акты или их отдельные положения, признанные в установленном законом порядке противоречащими положениям Конституции, не имеют юридической силы.
... (Статья 7)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishThis Constitution is the expression of the sovereignty of the people and is the supreme law of the Federated States of Micronesia. An act of the Government in conflict with this Constitution is invalid to the extent of conflict. (Art. II, Sec. 1)
Status of the Constitution
- English
The Political Constitution is the fundamental charter of the Republic; the other laws are subordinate to it. Any laws, treaties, decrees, orders or provisions that oppose it or alter its provisions[,] have no validity [valor]. (Art. 182)
- Spanish
La Constitución Política es la carta fundamental de la República; las demás leyes están subordinadas a ella.
No tendrán valor alguno las leyes, tratados, decretos, reglamentos, órdenes o disposiciones que se le opongan o alteren sus disposiciones. (Art. 182)
Status of the Constitution
- English
Any citizen of Benin, civil or military, has the sacred duty to respect, in all circumstances, the Constitution and the established constitutional order as well as the laws and regulations of the Republic. (Art. 34)
- French
Tout citoyen béninois, civil ou militaire, a le devoir sacré de respecter, en toutes circonstances, la Constitution et l'ordre constitutionnel établi, ainsi que les lois et règlements de la République. (Art. 34)
Status of the Constitution
- English1. If the Constitutional Court rules that a provision of any statute or international agreement is unconstitutional by regular standard, it should be vetoed by the President of the Republic and returned to the body that had approved it.
2. In the case referred to in paragraph 1, the statute may not be promulgated unless the organ that approved it deletes the provision ruled unconstitutional or, as the case may be, it shall confirm by a majority of two thirds of the Deputies present, so long as it is higher than the absolute majority of the sitting Deputies in office.
3. If the law were to be reformulated, the President may request prior review of the constitutionality of any of its provisions.
4. If the Constitutional Court rules that a provision of unconstitutionality agreement or treaty, it may only be ratified if the National Assembly approves it by a majority of two thirds of the Deputies present, provided that that exceeds an absolute majority of the sitting Deputies. (Art. 146) - Portuguese1. Se o Tribunal Constitucional se pronunciar pela inconstitucionalidade de norma constante de qualquer diploma ou acordo internacional, deverá o mesmo ser vetado pelo Presidente da República e devolvido ao órgão que o tiver aprovado.
2. No caso previsto no número 1, o diploma não poderá ser promulgado sem que o órgão que o tiver aprovado expurgue a norma julgada inconstitucional ou, quando for o caso disso, o confirme por maioria de dois terços dos Deputados presentes, desde que superior à maioria absoluta dos Deputados em efectividade de funções.
3. Se o diploma vier a ser reformulado poderá o Presidente da República requerer a apreciação preventiva da inconstitucionalidade de qualquer das suas normas.
4. Se o Tribunal Constitucional se pronunciar pela inconstitucionalidade de norma constante de acordo ou tratado, este só poderá ser ratificado se a Assembleia Nacional vier a aprovar por maioria de dois terços dos Deputados presentes, desde que superior à maioria absoluta dos Deputados em efectividade de funções. (Art. 146)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishThis Constitutional Act shall apply to all parts of the Kingdom of Denmark. (Sec. 1)
- DanishDenne grundlov gælder for alle dele af Danmarks Rige. (§ 1)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishWE HEREBY DECLARE that all persons in our country have the following basic obligations to themselves and their descendants, to each other, and to the Nation:-
(a) to respect, and to act in the spirit of, this Constitution;
... (Preamble, Basic Social Obligations)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishThe legal regulations, such as they existed before this constitution shall become effective, including the laws and decrees promulgated after 25 February 1980, shall remain in force, until they will have been replaced by other rules according to this Constitution, under stipulation that they shall, inasfar as they may be contrary to the Constitution, be brought in harmony with this Constitution, not later than by the end of the first period of session of the National Assembly, failing which they shall lose their force of law. (Art. 183)
- DutchDe wettelijke regelingen, zoals die bestonden voor het in werking treden van deze Grondwet, waaronder begrepen de wetten en decreten die vanaf 25 februari 1980 zijn uitgevaardigd, blijven van kracht, totdat zij door andere volgens deze Grondwet zijn vervangen, met bepaling dat zij, voor zover zij inhoudelijk in strijd zijn met de Grondwet, niet later dan aan het einde van de eerste zittingsperiode van De Nationale Assemblée met deze Grondwet in overeenstemming moeten zijn gebracht, bij gebreke waarvan zij hun rechtskracht verliezen. (Art. 183)
Status of the Constitution
- English1. If the Constitutional Court rules in favor of the unconstitutionality of a rule contained in an international treaty or agreement, the latter must not be ratified by the President of the Republic, who shall return it to the organ that had approved it.
2. An international treaty or agreement that contains a rule declared to be unconstitutional may be ratified by the President of the Republic if the National Assembly, in consulting the Government, confirms its approval by a majority of two thirds of the Deputies in full exercise of their functions.
3. If the Constitutional Court rules in favor of the unconstitutionality of a rule contained in any legislative act, the instrument must be vetoed by the President of the Republic and returned to the organ that had approved it.
4. In the case foreseen in paragraph 3, the legislative act may not be promulgated unless the organ that had approved it expurgates therefrom the rule judged unconstitutional or, where appropriate, confirms it by a two-thirds majority of Deputies in full exercise of their functions. (Art. 279) - Portuguese1. Se o Tribunal Constitucional se pronunciar pela inconstitucionalidade da norma constante de tratado ou acordo internacional, este não deve ser ratificado pelo Presidente da República, sendo devolvido ao órgão que o tiver aprovado.
2. O tratado ou acordo internacional de que conste a norma declarada inconstitucional pode ser ratificado pelo Presidente da República se a Assembleia Nacional, ouvido o Governo, confirmar a sua aprovação por maioria de dois terços dos Deputados em efectividade de funções.
3. Se o Tribunal Constitucional se pronunciar pela inconstitucionalidade de norma constante de qualquer acto legislativo, deve o diploma ser vetado pelo Presidente da República e devolvido ao órgão que o tiver aprovado.
4. No caso previsto no número 3 o acto legislativo não pode ser promulgado sem que o órgão que o tiver aprovado o expurgue da norma julgada inconstitucional ou, quando for caso disso, o confirme por maioria de dois terços dos Deputados em efectividade de funções. (Art. 279)