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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishThe exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties and obligations; and, accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen-
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g. to acquaint himself or herself with the provisions of the Constitution and to uphold and defend the Constitution and the law. (National Objectives and Directive Principles of State Policy, XXIX)
Status of the Constitution
- English
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1. A treaty of which the Constitutional Court establishes, that it is unconstitutional or lacks a basis in law shall not be applied any more by the authorities competent for its execution from the expiry of the day of the ruling‘s publication unless the Constitutional Court determines a deadline prior to which the treaty shall continue to be applied; such deadline must not exceed two years for the political, law-modifying and law-amending treaties and the treaties modifying the contractual bases of the European Union and one year in the case of all other treaties.
2. In addition, a provision, that the treaty is to be implemented by issuing ordinances or a resolution, that the treaty is to be implemented by the issuance of laws, cease to be in force upon expiration of the day of the ruling’s publication. (Art. 140a) - German
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1. Ein Staatsvertrag, dessen Verfassungs- oder Gesetzwidrigkeit der Verfassungsgerichtshof feststellt, ist mit Ablauf des Tages der Kundmachung des Erkenntnisses von den zu seiner Vollziehung berufenen Organen nicht mehr anzuwenden, wenn nicht der Verfassungsgerichtshof eine Frist bestimmt, innerhalb der der Staatsvertrag weiterhin anzuwenden ist; diese Frist darf bei den politischen, gesetzändernden und gesetzesergänzenden Staatsverträgen und bei den Staatsverträgen, durch die die vertraglichen Grundlagen der Europäischen Union geändert werden, zwei Jahre, bei allen anderen Staatsverträgen ein Jahr nicht überschreiten.
2. Ferner treten mit Ablauf des Tages der Kundmachung des Erkenntnisses eine Anordnung, dass der Staatsvertrag durch die Erlassung von Verordnungen zu erfüllen ist, oder ein Beschluss, dass der Staatsvertrag durch die Erlassung von Gesetzen zu erfüllen ist, außer Kraft. (Art. 140a)
Status of the Constitution
- English…
A provision declared unconstitutional may not be promulgated or implemented. (Art. 79) - Arabic...
لا يمكن إصدار أو تنفيذ أحكام معلنة غير دستورية. (المادة 79) - French…
Une disposition déclarée inconstitutionnelle ne peut être promulguée ni mise en application. (Art. 79)
Status of the Constitution
- English(1) Any existing law and any law made on or after the effective date of this Constitution, which is inconsistent with this Constitution, shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void.
(2) Any other action taken by any person or body on or after the effective date of this Constitution, which is inconsistent with this Constitution, shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be unlawful. (Art. I, Sec. 2)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishI. All the rights recognized in the Constitution are directly applicable and enjoy equal guarantees of their protection.
II. The rights and guarantees may be regulated only by the law. (Art. 109) - SpanishI. Todos los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución son directamente aplicables y gozan de iguales garantías para su protección.
II. Los derechos y sus garantías sólo podrán ser regulados por la ley. (Art. 109)
Status of the Constitution
- English…
Communities composed of an indigenous people, [are] those that form a social, economic and cultural unity, living in a territory and that recognized their own authorities in accordance with their habits [usos] and customs.
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A. This Constitution recognizes and guarantees the right of indigenous peoples and communities to self-determination and, consequently, to the autonomy to:
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II. Apply their own normative systems in the regulation and solution of their internal conflicts, subject to the general principles of this Constitution, respecting individual guarantees, human rights and, in relevant manner, the dignity and integrity of women. The law will establish the cases and procedures of validation by the corresponding judges or courts.
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VIII. Accede fully to jurisdictions of the State. To guarantee this right, in all the trials and proceedings in which they are parties, individually or collectively, their cultural customs and specifications must be taken into account respecting the precepts of this Constitution.
… (Art. 2) - Spanish…
Son comunidades integrantes de un pueblo indígena, aquellas que formen una unidad social, económica y cultural, asentadas en un territorio y que reconocen autoridades propias de acuerdo con sus usos y costumbres.
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A. Esta Constitución reconoce y garantiza el derecho de los pueblos y las comunidades indígenas a la libre determinación y, en consecuencia, a la autonomía para:
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II. Aplicar sus propios sistemas normativos en la regulación y solución de sus conflictos internos, sujetándose a los principios generales de esta Constitución, respetando las garantías individuales, los derechos humanos y, de manera relevante, la dignidad e integridad de las mujeres. La ley establecerá los casos y procedimientos de validación por los jueces o tribunales correspondientes.
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VIII. Acceder plenamente a la jurisdicción del Estado. Para garantizar ese derecho, en todos los juicios y procedimientos en que sean parte, individual o colectivamente, se deberán tomar en cuenta sus costumbres y especificidades culturales respetando los preceptos de esta Constitución.
… (Art. 2)
Status of the Constitution
- English…
Courts shall administer justice according to the Constitution, law, international treaties and other valid sources of law. (Art. 115) - Croatian…
Sudovi sude na temelju Ustava, zakona, medunarodnih ugovora i drugih važećih izvora prava. (Članak 115)
Status of the Constitution
- EnglishThe exercise and enjoyment of rights and freedoms is inseparable from the performance of duties and obligations, and accordingly, it shall be the duty of every citizen to -
(a) uphold and defend this Constitution and the law;
… (Sec. 63)
Status of the Constitution
- English(a) All existing law in force and effect in Palau immediately preceding the effective date of this Constitution shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, remain in force and effect until repealed, revoked, amended or until it expires by its own terms.
(b) All rights, interests, obligations, judgments, and liabilities arising under the existing law shall remain in force and effect and shall be recognized, exercised, and enforced accordingly, subject to the provisions of this Constitution. (Art. XV, Sec. 3)
Status of the Constitution
- English…
Every person is obligated to obey the Constitution and the laws.
… (Art. 95) - Spanish...
Toda persona está obligada a cumplir la Constitución y las leyes.
... (Art. 95)