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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
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Status of International Law
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- English(1) It is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a Convention right.
(2) Subsection (1) does not apply to an act if—
(a) as the result of one or more provisions of primary legislation, the authority could not have acted differently; or
(b) in the case of one or more provisions of, or made under, primary legislation which cannot be read or given effect in a way which is compatible with the Convention rights, the authority was acting so as to give effect to or enforce those provisions.
(3) In this section “public authority” includes—
(a) a court or tribunal, and
(b) any person certain of whose functions are functions of a public nature, but does not include either House of Parliament or a person exercising functions in connection with proceedings in Parliament.
(4) ...
(5) In relation to a particular act, a person is not a public authority by virtue only of subsection (3) (b) if the nature of the act is private.
(6) “An act” includes a failure to act but does not include a failure to—
(a) introduce in, or lay before, Parliament a proposal for legislation; or
(b) Make any primary legislation or remedial order. (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 6)
Status of International Law
Uruguay
- English… The State shall combat social evils through the Law and the International Conventions. (Art. 46)
- Spanish… El Estado combatirá por medio de la ley y de las Convenciones Internacionales, los vicios sociales. (Art. 46)
Status of International Law
Czech Republic
- English…
(2) The Czech Republic shall observe its obligations resulting from international law. (1993 Constitution, Art. 1) - Czech…
(2) Česká republika dodržuje závazky, které pro ni vyplývají z mezinárodního práva (Ústava 1993, Čl. 1)
Status of International Law
Sao Tome and Principe
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply a legal rule on the grounds of its unconstitutionality;
…
2. The Constitutional Court shall also have jurisdiction to hear appeals against any of the following court decisions:
a) Refusing to apply the legal rule of a regional law on the grounds of its illegality by infringement of a law of superior force;
…
3. If a rule, whose application has been refused, consists of an international convention, of a legislative act or of a regulatory decree, the appeals contemplated in subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 and paragraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article are required for public prosecution.
… (Art. 149) - Portuguese1. Cabe recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de qualquer norma com fundamento na sua inconstitucionalidade:
…
2. Cabe igualmente recurso para o Tribunal Constitucional das decisões dos tribunais:
a) Que recusem a aplicação de norma constante de acto legislativo com fundamento na sua ilegalidade por violação de lei com valor reforçado;
…
3. Quando a norma cuja aplicação tiver sido recusada constar de convenção internacional, de acto legislativo ou de decreto regulamentar, os recursos previstos na alínea a) do número 1 e na alínea a) do número 2 deste artigo são obrigatórios para o Ministério Público.
… (Art. 149)
Status of International Law
Tonga
- EnglishIt shall be lawful for the King to make treaties with Foreign States provided that such treaties shall be in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom.
… (Clause 39) - Tongan‘E ngofua ki he Tu‘i ke fai ‘a e ngaahi talite mo e ngaahi Pule‘anga Muli ka ‘oku ‘ikai ngofua ke ne fai ‘a e ngaahi talite ‘oku fai kehe mo e ngaahi lao ‘o e Pule‘anga ni.
… (Kupu 39)
Status of International Law
Armenia
- English1. The practice of bodies operating on the basis of international human rights treaties, which have been ratified by the Republic of Armenia, shall be taken into account when interpreting the provisions of the Constitution on fundamental rights and freedoms.
2. The restrictions of fundamental rights and freedoms may not exceed the restrictions stipulated by the international treaties of the Republic of Armenia. (Art. 81) - Armenian1. Հիմնական իրավունքների և ազատությունների վերաբերյալ Սահմանադրությունում ամրագրված դրույթները մեկնաբանելիս հաշվի է առնվում Հայաստանի Հանրապետության վավերացրած՝ մարդու իրավունքների վերաբերյալ միջազգային պայմանագրերի հիման վրա գործող մարմինների պրակտիկան:
2. Հիմնական իրավունքների և ազատությունների սահմանափակումները չեն կարող գերազանցել Հայաստանի Հանրապետության միջազգային պայմանագրերով սահմանված սահմանափակումները: (Հոդված 81)
Status of International Law
Germany
- English(1) With a view to establishing a united Europe, the Federal Republic of Germany shall participate in the development of the European Union that is committed to democratic, social and federal principles, to the rule of law, and to the principle of subsidiarity, and that guarantees a level of protection of basic rights essentially comparable to that afforded by this Basic Law. To this end the Federation may transfer sovereign powers by a law with the consent of the Bundesrat. The establishment of the European Union, as well as changes in its treaty foundations and comparable regulations that amend or supplement this Basic Law, or make such amendments or supplements possible, shall be subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 79.
… (Art. 23) - German(1) Zur Verwirklichung eines vereinten Europas wirkt die Bundesrepublik Deutschland bei der Entwicklung der Europäischen Union mit, die demokratischen, rechtsstaatlichen, sozialen und föderativen Grundsätzen und dem Grundsatz der Subsidiarität verpflichtet ist und einen diesem Grundgesetz im wesentlichen vergleichbaren Grundrechtsschutz gewährleistet. Der Bund kann hierzu durch Gesetz mit Zustimmung des Bundesrates Hoheitsrechte übertragen. Für die Begründung der Europäischen Union sowie für Änderungen ihrer vertraglichen Grundlagen und vergleichbare Regelungen, durch die dieses Grundgesetz seinem Inhalt nach geändert oder ergänzt wird oder solche Änderungen oder Ergänzungen ermöglicht werden, gilt Artikel 79 Abs. 2 und 3.
… (Art. 23)
Status of International Law
South Sudan
- English…
3. All rights and freedoms enshrined in international human rights treaties, covenants and instruments ratified or acceded to by the Republic of South Sudan shall be an integral part of this Bill.12… (Art. 9)
Status of International Law
Angola
- English1. General or common international law received under the terms of this Constitution shall form an integral part of the Angolan legal system.
2. Duly approved or ratified international treaties and agreements shall come into force in the Angolan legal system after they have been officially published and have entered into force in the international legal system, for as long as they are internationally binding upon the Angolan state. (Art. 13) - Portuguese1. O direito internacional geral ou comum, recebido nos termos da presente Constituição, faz parte integrante da ordem jurídica angolana.
2. Os tratados e acordos internacionais regularmente aprovados ou ratificados vigoram na ordem jurídica angolana após a sua publicação oficial e entrada em vigor na ordem jurídica internacional e enquanto vincularem internacionalmente o Estado angolano. (Art. 13)
Status of International Law
Cyprus
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of Article 50 and paragraph 3 of Article 57—
...
3. treaties, conventions and agreements concluded in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Article shall have, as from their publication in the official Gazette of the Republic, superior force to any municipal law on condition that such treaties, conventions and agreements are applied by the other party thereto.
4. The Republic may exercise every option and discretionary power provided for by the Treaties establishing the European Communities and the Treaty on the European Union and any treaties amending or substituting them, concluded by the Republic. (Art. 169) - GreekΤηρουμένων των διατάξεων του άρθρου 50 και της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 57
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3. Συνθήκαι, συμβάσεις και συμφωνίαι συνομολογούμεναι συμφώνως ταις ειρημέναις διατάξεσι του παρόντος άρθρου έχουσιν από της δημοσιεύσεως αυτών εις την επίσημον εφημερίδα της Δημοκρατίας ηυξημένην ισχύν έναντι οιουδήποτε ημεδαπού νόμου, υπό τον όρον ότι αι τοιαύται συνθήκαι, συμβάσεις και συμφωνίαι εφαρμόζονται αντιστοίχως και υπό του αντισυμβαλλομένου.
4. Η Δημοκρατία δύναται να ασκεί κάθε της επιλογή και διακριτική ευχέρεια που προβλέπεται στις Συνθήκες περί Ιδρύσεως των Ευρωπαϊκών Κοινοτήτων και στη Συνθήκη για την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση και σε οποιεσδήποτε συνθήκες τροποποιούν ή αντικαθιστούν αυτές και η Δημοκρατία συνομολογεί. (Αρθρον 169) - Turkish50. Madde ve 57. Maddedeki hükümlere tabi olmak kaydıyla:
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3. bu maddenin yukarıdaki hükümlerine uygun olarak akdolunan antlaşmalar, sözleşmeler ve anlaşmalar, Cumhuriyet Resmi Gazetesinde yayımIanmasından itibaren, diğer tarafın söz konusu antlaşmaları, sözleşmeleri ve anlaşmaları uygulaması şartı ile, herhangi bir iç kanundan üstün tutulur,
4. Cumhuriyet, Avrupa Topluluklarını kuran Anlaşmalar ve Avrupa Birliği Anlaşması ve bunlarda değişiklik yapan veya bunların yerine geçen, Cumhuriyetin akdettiği bütün anlaşmaların verdiği her seçeneği ve takdir yetkisini kullanabilir. (Madde 169)