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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
ABOUT 663 RESULTS
Religious Law
Afghanistan
- EnglishFamily is the fundamental pillar of the society, and shall be protected by the state. The state shall adopt necessary measures to attain the physical and spiritual health of the family, especially of the child and mother, upbringing of children, as well as the elimination of related traditions contrary to the principles of the sacred religion of Islam. (Art. 54)
- Dariخانواده ركن اساسی جامعه را تشكیل می دهد و مورد حمایت دولت قرار دارد. دولت به منظور تأمین سلامت جسمی و روحی خانواده، بالاخص طفل و مادر، تربیت اطفال و برای از بین بردن رسوم مغایر با احكام دین مقدس اسلام تدابیر لازم اتخاذ می كند. (مادۀ ۵۴)
- Pashtoكورنۍ د ټولنې اساسي ركن دى او د دولت تر پاملرنې لاندې ده. دولت د كورنۍ او په ځانګړې توگه د مور او ماشوم د جسمي او روحي روغتيا د تأمين، د ماشومانو د روزنې او د اسلام د سپېڅلي دين له احكامو سره د مغايرو رسومو د له منځه وړلو لپاره لازم تدبيرونه نيسي. (۵۴ ماده)
Religious Law
Israel
- EnglishThe purpose of this Basic Law is to protect human dignity and liberty, in order to establish in a Basic Law the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state. (Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty (1992), Sec. 1A)
- Hebrewחוק יסוד זה, מטרתו להגן על כבוד האדם וחירותו, כדי לעגן בחוק יסוד את ערכיה של מדינת ישראל כמדינה יהודית ודמוקרטית. (חוק יסוד: כבוד האדם וחירותו (1992), סעיף 1א)
Religious Law
Ireland
- EnglishIn the Name of the Most Holy Trinity, from Whom is all authority and to Whom, as our final end, all actions both of men and States must be referred,
… (Preamble) - Irish GaelicIn Ainm na Tríonóide Ró-Naofa is tobar don uile údarás agus gur chuici, ós í is críoch dheireanach dúinn, is dírithe ní amháin gníomhartha daoine ach gníomhartha Stát,
… (Preamble)
Religious Law
Bangladesh
- EnglishThe principle of secularism shall be realised by the elimination of -
(a) communalism in all its forms;
(b) the granting by the State of political status in favour of any religion;
(c) the abuse of religion for political purposes;
(d) Any discrimination against, or persecution of, persons practicing a particular religion. (Art. 12) - Bengaliধর্ম নিরপেক্ষতা নীতি বাস্তবায়নের জন্য
(ক) সর্ব প্রকার সাম্প্রদায়িকতা,
(খ) রাষ্ট্র কর্তৃক কোন ধর্মকে রাজনৈতিক মর্যাদা দান,
(গ) রাজনৈতিক উদ্দেশ্যে ধর্মীয় অপব্যবহার,
(ঘ) কোন বিশেষ ধর্ম পালনকারী ব্যক্তির প্রতি বৈষম্য বা তাহার উপর নিপীড়ন, বিলোপ করা হইবে। (অনুচ্ছেদ ১২)
Religious Law
Togo
- EnglishThe Togolese Republic is a State of law, secular, democratic and social. It is one and indivisible. (Art. 1)
- FrenchLa République Togolaise est un Etat de droit, laïc, démocratique et social. Elle est une et indivisible. (Art. 1)
Religious Law
Cyprus
- English1. Subject to the provisions of this Constitution any matter relating to betrothal, marriage, nullity of marriage of members of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of a religious group to which the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 2 shall apply shall, on and after the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution, be governed by the law of the Greek-Orthodox Church or of the Church of such religious group, as the case may be. A Law shall provide for an attempt of reconciliation or of spiritual dissolution of marriage to be made before a Bishop.
2. A. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of the Greek-Orthodox Church, shall be cognizable by family courts each of which is composed:
a) For a divorce trial, of three judges, one of which is a lawyer ecclesiastical officer appointed by the Greek Orthodox Church and presides over the Court and the other two of high professional and moral standard belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church are appointed by the Supreme Court among lawyers. If no ecclesiastical officer is appointed as above, the Supreme Court appoints the President of the Court as well.
b) For any other trial, or one judge as a law shall provide.
B. The divorce is maintainable only—
a) For the grounds, under the Charter of the Holy Church of Cyprus, as are in force at the date of Enactment by the House of Representatives, of the First Amendment of the Constitution Law of 1989, in so far as they are not inconsistent with the Constitution;
b) When the relations of the spouses have been so strongly shaken by a ground concerning the person of the defendant or of both spouses, which justifiably render continuation of the marital relation intolerable for the plaintiff; and
c) For any other ground that a law may provide after the views of the Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus are being heard.
3. Any matter relating to divorce, judicial separation or restitution of conjugal rights or to family relations of the members of a religious group for which the provisions of the third paragraph of section 2 apply, shall be cognizable by a family court for which a law shall determine its establishment, composition and jurisdiction, mutatis mutandis to the above.
4. Law shall provide for appeal against decisions of the family courts, for the composition of those who shall adjudicate and decide on these appeals and for the jurisdiction and powers of these appellate courts. A law enacted in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph may provide that the appellate court may be composed of one or more judges of the Supreme Court, sitting alone or together with another judge or other judges belonging to the judicial service of the Republic as the law may provide.
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the first paragraph of this section, the free choice of a civil marriage is offered to the members of the Greek Community.
6. Nothing in paragraph 1 of this Article contained shall preclude the application of the provisions of paragraph 5 of Article 90 to the execution of any judgment or order of any such tribunal. (Art. 111) - Greek(1).-Τηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν ή εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα, δι’ ήν ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς τον αρραβώνα, τον γάμον, το κύρος του γάμου, διέπεται από της ημερομηνίας της ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας ή υπό του εκκλησιαστικού νόμου εκάστης θρησκευτικής ομάδος, αναλόγως της περιπτώσεως.
Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της ενώπιον Επισκόπου αποπείρας συνδιαλλαγής ή της πνευματικής λύσης του γάμου.
(2).-Α. Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις την ελληνικήν ορθόδοξον Εκκλησίαν, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων έκαστον των οποίων σύγκειται:
(α) Εις την περί διαζυγίου δίκην εκ τριών δικαστών, ο είς των οποίων είναι αξιωματούχος κληρικός, νομομαθής διοριζόμενος υπό της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας και προεδρεύσει τούτου, οι δε έτεροι δύο επιλέγονται μεταξύ νομομαθών ανωτάτου επαγγελματικού και ηθικού επιπέδου ανηκόντων εις την υπό του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου. Εις ην περίπτωσιν το Ανώτατον Δικαστήριον διορίζει και τον Πρόεδρον του Δικαστηρίου.
(β) Εις πάσαν άλλην δίκην εξ' ενός δικαστού ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
Β. Το διαζύγιον χωρεί μόνον-
(α) Διά τους εις το Καταστατικόν της Αγιωτάτης Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου λόγους ως ούτοι ισχύουν κατά την ημερομηνίαν ψηφίσεως υπό της Βουλής των Αντιπροσώπων του περί της Πρώτης Τροποποιήσεως του Συντάγματος Νόμου του 1989, εφ' όσον ούτοι δεν αντίκεινται προς το Σύνταγμα·
(β) όταν αι μεταξύ των συζύγων σχέσεις έχουν κλονισθή τόσον ισχυρώς από λόγον ο οποίος αφορά το ώστε βασίμως η εξακολούθησις της εγγάμου σχέσεως να είναι αφόρητος διά τον ενάγοντα· και
(γ) δι' οιονδήποτε έτερον λόγον ως νόμος θέλει ορίσει, αφού ακουσθώσιν αι απόψεις της ελληνικής ορθοδόξου Εκκλησίας της Κύπρου.
(3).- Παν ζήτημα των ανηκόντων εις θρησκευτικήν ομάδα δι' ην ισχύουσιν αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 2, σχέσιν έχον προς το διαζύγιον, τον χωρισμόν από κοίτης και τραπέζης ή την συνοίκησιν των συζύγων ή τας οικογενειακάς σχέσεις διαγιγνώσκεται υπό οικογενειακού δικαστηρίου, περί της ιδρύσεως, της συνθέσεως και της δικαιοδοσίας του οποίου νόμος θέλει ορίσει, τηρουμένων των αναλογιών προς τα ανωτέρω.
(4).- Νόμος θέλει προβλέψει περί της εφέσεως κατά των αποφάσεων των οικογενειακών δικαστηρίων, περί της συνθέσεως των δικαζόντων και αποφασιζόντων επί των εφέσεων τούτων, εκ και περί της δικαιοδοσίας και της εξουσίας των δευτεροβάθμιων τούτων δικαστηρίων. Νόμος συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι της παρούσης παραγράφου δύναται να ορίση ότι το δευτεροβάθμιον δικαστήριον δύναται να απαρτίζηται εξ' ενός ή πλειόνων δικαστών του Ανωτάτου Δικαστηρίου, συνεδριαζόντων μόνων ή μετ' άλλου ή άλλων δικαστών της δικαστικής υπηρεσίας της Δημοκρατίας, ως ο νόμος θέλει ορίσει.
(5).- Ανεξαρτήτων των διατάξεων της πρώτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου εις τους ανήκοντας εις την Ελληνικήν Κοινότητα προσφέρεται η ελεύθερη επιλογή πολιτικού γάμου.
(6).-Ουδέν εκ των εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου διαλαμβανομένων δύναται να παρεμποδίσει την εφαρμογήν των διατάξεων της πέμπτης παραγράφου του άρθρου 90 προκειμένης εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε αποφάσεως ή διαταγής παντός εκκλησιαστικού δικαστηρίου. (Αρθρον 111) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olarak, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin veya 2.maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulanacağı bir dini grubun nişanlanması, evlenmesi, evliliğinin geçersiz kılınması ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve sonrasında, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya bu tür dini grubun Kilisesi yasalarına tabidir. Bir yasa, bir Piskoposun önünde yapılacak bir uzlaşma veya evliliğin manevi olarak çözülme girişimini sağlayacaktır.
1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olarak, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin veya 2.maddenin 3. fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulanacağı bir dini grubun nişanlanması, evlenmesi, evliliğinin geçersiz kılınması ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bu Anayasanın yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte ve sonrasında, Yunan-Ortodoks Kilisesi veya bu tür dini grubun Kilisesi yasalarına tabidir. Bir yasa, bir Piskoposun önünde yapılacak bir uzlaşma veya evliliğin manevi olarak çözülme girişimini sağlayacaktır.
2. A. boşanma, adli ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesi veya Rum-Ortodoks Kilisesi üyelerinin aile ilişkileri ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, her biri aile Mahkemeleri tarafından tanınabilir olacaktır composed:
a) boşanma davası için, biri Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi tarafından atanan ve mahkemeye başkanlık eden bir avukat dini memuru olan üç hakimin ve Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi'ne ait diğer iki yüksek mesleki ve ahlaki standardın avukatları arasında Yüksek Mahkeme tarafından atanır. Hiçbir din görevlisi olarak yukarıda tayin edilirse, Yargıtay da Mahkeme Başkanı olarak atadı.
b) başka bir yargılama için, ya da bir yargıç bir yasa olarak sağlayacaktır.
B. boşanma sadece sürdürülebilir-
a) gerekçesiyle, Kıbrıs Kutsal Kilisesi şartı altında, Temsilciler Meclisi tarafından yürürlüğe girdiği tarihte yürürlükte olduğu gibi, 1989 Anayasa Kanununun ilk değişiklik, şimdiye kadar Anayasa ile tutarsız değildir olarak;
b) eşlerin ilişkileri, davalı veya her iki eşin kişisiyle ilgili bir zemin tarafından bu kadar güçlü bir şekilde sarsıldığında, davacı için evlilik ilişkisinin devam etmesini haklı olarak dayanılmaz hale getirir; ve
c) Kıbrıs Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi'nin görüşleri dinlendikten sonra bir yasanın sağlayabileceği diğer herhangi bir zemin için.
3. Boşanma, adli ayrılık veya evlilik haklarının iadesi veya bölüm 2'nin üçüncü fıkrası hükümlerinin uygulandığı bir dini grubun üyelerinin aile ilişkileri ile ilgili herhangi bir konu, bir yasanın kuruluşunu, bileşimini ve yargı yetkisini belirleyeceği bir aile Mahkemesi tarafından tanınabilir olacaktır.mutatis mutandis yukarıdakilere.
4. Hukuk, aile mahkemelerinin kararlarına, bu itirazlara karar verecek ve karar verecek olanların kompozisyonuna ve bu temyiz mahkemelerinin yargı yetkisine ve yetkilerine itiraz sağlayacaktır. Bu fıkra hükümlerine göre çıkarılan bir kanun, temyiz Mahkemesinin, Kanunun sağlayabileceği şekilde, tek başına veya başka bir hakim veya Cumhuriyetin yargı hizmetine ait diğer hakimlerle birlikte oturan bir veya daha fazla Yargıtay hakiminden oluşabileceğini öngörebilir.
5. Bu bölümün birinci fıkrasının hükümlerine bakılmaksızın, Yunan toplumunun üyelerine medeni bir evliliğin serbest seçimi sunulmaktadır.
6. Bu maddenin 1. fıkrasında yer alan hiçbir şey, 90.maddenin 5. fıkrası hükümlerinin, bu tür bir mahkemenin herhangi bir kararının veya emrinin yerine getirilmesine uygulanmasını engelleyemez. (Madde 111)
Religious Law
Malaysia
- English1. Except with respect to the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, Islamic law and personal and family law of persons professing the religion of Islam, including the Islamic law relating to succession, testate and intestate, betrothal, marriage, divorce, dower, maintenance, adoption, legitimacy, guardianship, gifts, partitions and non-charitable trusts; Wakafs and the definition and regulation of charitable and religious trusts, the appointment of trustees and the incorporation of persons in respect of Islamic religious and charitable endowments, institutions, trusts, charities and charitable institutions operating wholly within the State; Malay customs; Zakat, Fitrah and Baitulmal or similar Islamic religious revenue; mosques or any Islamic public places of worship, creation and punishment of offences by persons professing the religion of Islam against precepts of that religion, except in regard to matters included in the Federal List; the constitution, organization and procedure of Syariah courts, which shall have jurisdiction only over persons professing the religion of Islam and in respect only of any of the matters included in this paragraph, but shall not have jurisdiction in respect of offences except in so far as conferred by federal law; the control of propagating doctrines and beliefs among persons professing the religion of Islam; the determination of matters of Islamic law and doctrine and Malay custom.
… (Ninth Schedule, Legislative Lists, List II—State List) - Malay1. Kecuali mengenai Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Labuan dan Putrajaya, hukum Syarak dan undang-undang diri dan keluarga bagi orang yang menganut agama Islam, termasuk hukum Syarak yang berhubungan dengan pewarisan, berwasiat dan tidak berwasiat, pertunangan, perkahwinan, perceraian, mas kahwin, nafkah, pengangkatan, kesahtarafan, penjagaan, alang, pecah milik dan amanah bukan khairat; Wakaf dan takrif serta pengawalseliaan amanah khairat dan agama, pelantikan pemegang amanah dan pemerbadanan orang berkenaan dengan derma kekal agama dan khairat, institusi, amanah, khairat dan institusi khairat Islam yang beroperasi keseluruhannya di dalam Negeri; adat Melayu; Zakat, Fitrah dan Baitulmal atau hasil agama Islam yang seumpamanya; masjid atau mana-mana tempat sembahyang awam untuk orang Islam, pewujudan dan penghukuman kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh orang yang menganut agama Islam terhadap perintah agama itu, kecuali berkenaan dengan perkara yang termasuk dalam Senarai Persekutuan; keanggotaan, susunan dan tatacara mahkamah Syariah, yang hendaklah mempunyai bidang kuasa hanya ke atas orang yang menganut agama Islam dan hanya berkenaan dengan mana-mana perkara yang termasuk dalam perenggan ini, tetapi tidak mempunyai bidang kuasa berkenaan dengan kesalahan kecuali setakat yang diberikan oleh undang-undang persekutuan; mengawal pengembangan doktrin dan kepercayaan di kalangan orang yang menganut agama Islam; penentuan perkara mengenai hukum dan doktrin Syarak dan adat Melayu.
… (Jadual Kesembilan, Senarai Perundangan, Senarai II—Senarai Negeri)
Religious Law
Fiji
- English…
(3) Religion and the State are separate, which means—
(a) the State and all persons holding public office must treat all religions equally;
(b) the State and all persons holding public office must not dictate any religious belief;
(c) the State and all persons holding public office must not prefer or advance, by any means, any particular religion, religious denomination, religious belief, or religious practice over another, or over any non-religious belief; and
(d) no person shall assert any religious belief as a legal reason to disregard this Constitution or any other law. (Sec. 4) - iTaukei…
(3) E sega ni okati vata na lotu kei na Matanitu, e kena ibalebale ya ni—
(a) na Matanitu kei ira na vakailesilesi ni valenivolavola ni lewenivanua e dodonu mera rokova na veimatalotu kece;
(b) na Matanitu kei ira na kena vakailesilesi ni valenivolavola ni lewenivanua mera kua ni vakatulewataka e dua na vakabauta vakalotu;
(c) na Matanitu kei ira na kena vakailesilesi ni valenivolavola ni lewenivanua mera kua ni totaka e dua na matalotu, isoqosoqo lotu, se mata vakabauta, oka tale ga kina na vakabauta sega ni yavutaki vakalotu; ka
(d) me kua ni dua na tamata me vakayagataka na nona vakabauta vakalotu me vakacala vakalawa na Yavunivakavulewa qo se dua tale na lawa tabaki. (Sec. 4)
Religious Law
Kenya
- English(1) There shall be a Chief Kadhi and such number, being not fewer than three, of other Kadhis as may be prescribed under an Act of Parliament.
(2) A person shall not be qualified to be appointed to hold or act in the office of Kadhi unless the person—
(a) professes the Muslim religion; and
(b) possesses such knowledge of the Muslim law applicable to any sects of Muslims as qualifies the person, in the opinion of the Judicial Service Commission, to hold a Kadhi’s court.
(3) Parliament shall establish Kadhis’ courts, each of which shall have the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by legislation, subject to clause (5).
(4) The Chief Kadhi and the other Kadhis, or the Chief Kadhi and such of the other Kadhis (not being fewer than three in number) as may be prescribed under an Act of Parliament, shall each be empowered to hold a Kadhi’s court having jurisdiction within Kenya.
(5) The jurisdiction of a Kadhis’ court shall be limited to the determination of questions of Muslim law relating to personal status, marriage, divorce or inheritance in proceedings in which all the parties profess the Muslim religion and submit to the jurisdiction of the Kadhi’s courts. (Art. 170) - Swahili(1) Kutakuwa na Kadhi Mkuu na idadi hiyo, hiatakuwa chini ya Makadhi wengine watatu, kama inavyoweza kuamriwa chini ya Sheria ya Bunge.
(2) Mtu hatakuwa na sifa ya kuteuliwa kushikilia au kufanya kazi katika ofisi ya Kadhi isipokuwa mtu huyo—
(a) ni muumini wa dini ya Kiislamu; na
(b) anayo maarifa ya sheria ya Kiislamu inayotumika kwa madhehebu yoyote ya Waislamu yanayompa sifa mtu huyo, kwa maoni ya Tume ya Huduma ya Mahakama, ya kushikilia mahakama ya Kadhi.
(3) Bunge litaunda mahakama za Kadhi, ambazo kila moja itakuwa na mamlaka na madaraka yatakayotolewa na sheria, kwa mujibu wa ibara ya (5).
(4) Kadhi Mkuu na Makadhi wengineo, au Kadhi Mkuu na baadhi ya Makadhi wengine (hawatakuwa chini ya idadi ya watu watatu) kama inavyoweza kuamriwa chini ya Sheria ya Bunge, kila mmoja atawezeshwa kushikilia mahakama ya Kadhi yenye mamlaka ndani ya Kenya.
(5) Mamlaka ya Mahakama ya Kadhi yatakuwa na mipaka itakayoishia katika kuamua shauri la sheria ya Kiisilamu inayohusiana na hadhi binafsi, ndoa, talaka au urithi katika kesi ambazo kwazo pande zote ni waumini wa dini ya Kiislamu na wanaitii mamlaka ya mahakama za Kadhi. (Kifungu cha 170)
Religious Law
Pakistan
- EnglishIslam shall be the State religion of Pakistan. (Art. 2)
- Urduاسلام پاکستان کا مملکتی مذہب ہوگا۔ (آرٹیکل ۲)