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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. As long as the Constitutional Court is not legally established, the administration of justice on matters of a legal and constitutional nature shall be carried out by the Supreme Court of Justice, which shall be responsible for:
a) Assessing the unconstitutionality and illegality, pursuant to Articles 144 to 150;
b) Exercising the powers pursuant to Article 133.
… (Art. 156) - Portuguese1. Enquanto o Tribunal Constitucional não for legalmente instalado, a administração da justiça em matéria de natureza jurídico-constitucional passa a ser feita pelo Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, ao qual compete:
a) Apreciar a inconstitucionalidade e a ilegalidade, nos termos dos Artigos 144.º a 150.º;
b) Exercer as competências previstas no Artigo 133.º.
… (Art. 156)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court shall examine the constitutionality, in respect of both form and substance, of laws, presidential decrees and the Rules of Procedure of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, and decide on individual applications. Constitutional amendments shall be examined and verified only with regard to their form. However, presidential decrees issued during a state of emergency or in time of war shall not be brought before the Constitutional Court alleging their unconstitutionality as to form or substance.
The verification of laws as to form shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majority was obtained in the last ballot; the verification of constitutional amendments shall be restricted to consideration of whether the requisite majorities were obtained for the proposal and in the ballot, and whether the prohibition on debates under expedited procedure was observed. Verification as to form may be requested by the President of the Republic or by one-fifth of the members of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Applications for annulment on the grounds of defect in form shall not be made after ten days have elapsed from the date of promulgation of the law; and it shall not be appealed by other courts to the Constitutional Court on the grounds of defect in form.
Everyone may apply to the Constitutional Court on the grounds that one of the fundamental rights and freedoms within the scope of the European Convention on Human Rights which are guaranteed by the Constitution has been violated by public authorities. In order to make an application, ordinary legal remedies must be exhausted.
In the individual application, judicial review shall not be made on matters required to be taken into account during the process of legal remedies.
Procedures and principles concerning the individual application shall be regulated by law.
The Constitutional Court in its capacity as the Supreme Court shall try, for offences relating to their functions, the President of the Republic, the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, members of the Council of Ministers; presidents and members of the Constitutional Court, High Court of Appeals, Council of State, High Military Court of Appeals, High Military Administrative Court, High Council of Judges and Prosecutors, Court of Accounts, and Chief Public Prosecutors and Deputy Public Prosecutors.
The Chief of General Staff, the commanders of the Land, Naval and Air Forces and the General Commander of the Gendarmerie shall be tried in the Supreme Court for offences regarding their duties.
The Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals or Deputy Chief Public Prosecutor of the High Court of Appeals shall act as prosecutor in the Supreme Court.
Application for judicial review may be made against the decisions of the Supreme Court. Decisions taken by the General Assembly regarding the application shall be final.
The Constitutional Court shall also perform the other duties given to it by the Constitution. (Art. 148) - TurkishAnayasa Mahkemesi, kanunların, kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin ve Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi İçtüzüğünün Anayasaya şekil ve esas bakımlarından uygunluğunu denetler ve bireysel başvuruları karara bağlar. Anayasa değişikliklerini ise sadece şekil bakımından inceler ve denetler. Ancak, olağanüstü hallerde, sıkıyönetim ve savaş hallerinde çıkarılan kanun hükmünde kararnamelerin şekil ve esas bakımından Anayasaya aykırılığı iddiasıyla, Anayasa Mahkemesinde dava açılamaz.
Kanunların şekil bakımından denetlenmesi, son oylamanın, öngörülen çoğunlukla yapılıp yapılmadığı; Anayasa değişikliklerinde ise, teklif ve oylama çoğunluğuna ve ivedilikle görüşülemeyeceği şartına uyulup uyulmadığı hususları ile sınırlıdır. Şekil bakımından denetleme, Cumhurbaşkanınca veya Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi üyelerinin beşte biri tarafından istenebilir. Kanunun yayımlandığı tarihten itibaren on gün geçtikten sonra, şekil bozukluğuna dayalı iptal davası açılamaz; def’i yoluyla da ileri sürülemez.
Herkes, Anayasada güvence altına alınmış temel hak ve özgürlüklerinden, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi kapsamındaki herhangi birinin kamu gücü tarafından, ihlal edildiği iddiasıyla Anayasa Mahkemesine başvurabilir. Başvuruda bulunabilmek için olağan kanun yollarının tüketilmiş olması şarttır.
Bireysel başvuruda, kanun yolunda gözetilmesi gereken hususlarda inceleme yapılamaz.
Bireysel başvuruya ilişkin usul ve esaslar kanunla düzenlenir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi Cumhurbaşkanını, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Başkanını, Bakanlar Kurulu üyelerini, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yargıtay, Danıştay, Askerî Yargıtay, Askerî Yüksek İdare Mahkemesi Başkan ve üyelerini, Başsavcılarını, Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekilini, Hâkimler ve Savcılar Yüksek Kurulu ve Sayıştay Başkan ve üyelerini görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divan sıfatıyla yargılar.
Genelkurmay Başkanı, Kara, Deniz ve Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanları ile Jandarma Genel Komutanı da görevleriyle ilgili suçlardan dolayı Yüce Divanda yargılanırlar. Yüce Divanda, savcılık görevini Cumhuriyet Başsavcısı veya Cumhuriyet Başsavcıvekili yapar.
Yüce Divan kararlarına karşı yeniden inceleme başvurusu yapılabilir. Genel Kurulun yeniden inceleme sonucunda verdiği kararlar kesindir.
Anayasa Mahkemesi, Anayasa ile verilen diğer görevleri de yerine getirir. (Madde 148)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
…
11. The Supreme Court shall be the guardian of this Constitution and the final authority on its interpretation.
… (Art. 1) - Dzongkha
…
༡༡) མངོན་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་འདི་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་འདིའི་གཞི་འཛིན་དང་ དེའི་དོན་འགྲེལ་ མཐའ་གཅོད་ཀྱི་དབང་འཛིན་ཨིན།
... ༼རྩ་ཚན་༡༽
Jurisdiction and Access
- English
(1) An appeal may be made from a decision of the Court of Appeal to the Sovereign in Council —
(a) with the leave of the Court of Appeal —
(i) in the case of a final decision on a question as to the interpretation or application of this Constitution; or
(ii) in the case of a final decision in proceedings under Division 5 (Enforcement of the Bill of Rights) of Part II;
… (Sec. 139)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Supreme Court shall be the custodian of this Constitution and the constitutions of the states.
2. The Supreme Court shall exercise competences as follows:
a. interpret constitutional provisions at the instance of the President, Government of South Sudan, any state government, or any of the two Houses of the National Legislature;
b. be the court of final judicial instance in respect of any litigation or prosecution under National or state law, including statutory and customary law;
c. have original jurisdiction to decide on disputes that arise under this Constitution and the constitutions of states at the instance of individuals, juridical entities or governments;
d. adjudicate on the constitutionality of laws and set aside or strike down laws or provisions of laws that are inconsistent with this Constitution or the constitutions of the states to the extent of the inconsistency;
e. be a court of review and cassation in respect of any criminal, civil and administrative matters arising out of or under the law;
f. have criminal jurisdiction over the President in accordance with Article 103 (2) herein;
g. have criminal jurisdiction over the Vice President, the Speakers of the National Legislative Assembly and the Council of States and the Justices of the Supreme Court;
h. review death sentences imposed by courts in respect of offences committed under the law;
i. receive appeals against decisions and judgments of the courts of appeal;
j. have original and final jurisdiction to resolve disputes between the states and between the National Government and a state in respect of areas of exclusive, concurrent or residual competences;
k. uphold and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms; and
l. have such other competences as prescribed by this Constitution and the law.
… (Art. 126)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court tries:
a) Appeals of unconstitutionality against laws, executive regulations and the Rules of Procedure of the General Council.
b) Requests of preliminary opinion of unconstitutionality about international laws and treaties.
c) Processes of constitutional appeal.
d) Conflicts of jurisdiction between constitutional organs. To this effect the Coprinces, the General Council, the Government, the High Court of Justice and the Local Councils are considered as constitutional organs. (Art. 98) - CatalanEl Tribunal Constitucional coneix:
a) Dels processos d'inconstitucionalitat contra les lleis, els decrets legislatius i el reglament del Consell General.
b) Dels requeriments de dictamen previ d'inconstitucionalitat sobre lleis i tractats internacionals.
c) Dels processos d'empara constitucional.
d) Dels conflictes de competències entre els òrgans constitucionals. A aquests efectes, es consideren òrgans constitucionals els coprínceps, el Consell General, el Govern, el Consell Superior de la Justícia i els Comuns. (Art. 98)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English…
2. The Constitutional Court of Georgia is a judicial body of constitutional control. The procedure for its creation and activity shall be determined by the organic law.
… (Art. 59) - Georgian…
2. საკონსტიტუციო კონტროლის სასამართლო ორგანოა საქართველოს საკონსტიტუციო სასამართლო. მისი შექმნისა და საქმიანობის წესი განისაზღვრება ორგანული კანონით.
… (მუხლი 59)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. The Constitutional Court shall consider and shall declare with generally binding force the unconstitutionality or otherwise of any rule.
2. The following may request a declaration of unconstitutionality from the Constitutional Court:
a) The President of the Republic;
b) One tenth of the Members of the Assembly of the Republic in full exercise of their office;
c) Parliamentary Groups;
d) The Attorney-General;
e) The Ombudsman;
f) The Bar Association of Angola. (Art. 230) - Portuguese1. O Tribunal Constitucional aprecia e declara, com força obrigatória geral, a inconstitucionalidade de qualquer norma.
2. Podem requerer ao Tribunal Constitucional a declaração de inconstitucionalidade as seguintes entidades:
a) O Presidente da República;
b) Um décimo dos Deputados à Assembleia Nacional em efectividade de funções;
c) Os Grupos Parlamentares;
d) O Procurador-Geral da República;
e) O Provedor de Justiça;
f) A Ordem dos Advogados de Angola. (Art. 230)
Jurisdiction and Access
- English1. Where any question as to the interpretation of this Constitution arises in any court of law established for Antigua and Barbuda (other than the Court of Appeal, the High Court or a court-martial) and the court is of the opinion that the question involves a substantial question of law, the court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court.
… (Sec. 120)
Jurisdiction and Access
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is the judicial body responsible for the protection of constitutionality. (1993 Constitution, Art. 83)
- CzechÚstavní soud je soudním orgánem ochrany ústavnosti. (Ústava 1993, Čl. 83)