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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.

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Obligations of Private Parties

Malta
  • English
    Whereas every person in Malta is entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, that is to say, the right, whatever his race, place of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity, but subject to respect for the rights and freedoms of others and for the public interest,
    … (Art. 32)
  • Maltese
    Billi kull persuna f’Malta hija intitolata għad-drittijiet u libertajiet fundamentali tal-individwu, jiġifieri, id-dritt, tkun xi tkun ir-razza, post ta’ oriġini, fehmiet politiċi, kulur, twemmin, sess, orjentazzjoni sesswali jew identità tal-ġeneru tagħha, iżda suġġett għar-rispett tad-drittijiet u l-libertajiet ta’ oħrajn u tal-interess pubbliku,
    … (Art. 32)

Obligations of Private Parties

Bulgaria
  • English
    …
    (2) Rights shall not be abused, nor shall they be exercised to the detriment of the rights or the legitimate interests of others.
    … (Art. 57)
  • Bulgarian
    …
    (2) Не се допуска злоупотреба с права, както и тяхното упражняване, ако то накърнява права или законни интереси на други.
    … (Чл. 57)

Obligations of Private Parties

Romania
  • English
    Romanian citizens, foreigners, and stateless persons shall exercise their constitutional rights and freedoms in good faith, without any infringement of the rights and liberties of others. (Art. 57)
  • Romanian
    Cetăţenii români, cetăţenii străini şi apatrizii trebuie să-şi exercite drepturile şi libertăţile constituţionale cu bună-credinţă, fără să încalce drepturile şi libertăţile celorlalţi. (Art. 57)

Obligations of Private Parties

France
  • English
    Liberty consists in being able to do anything that does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of every man has no bounds other than those that ensure to the other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights. These bounds may be determined only by Law. (1789 Declaration, Art. 4)
  • French
    La liberté consiste à pouvoir faire tout ce qui ne nuit pas à autrui : ainsi, l'exercice des droits naturels de chaque homme n'a de bornes que celles qui assurent aux autres Membres de la Société la jouissance de ces mêmes droits. Ces bornes ne peuvent être déterminées que par la Loi. (Déclaration 1789, Art. 4)

Obligations of Private Parties

Switzerland
  • English
    …
    3 The authorities shall ensure that fundamental rights, where appropriate, apply to relationships among private persons. (Art. 35)
  • French
    …
    3 Les autorités veillent à ce que les droits fondamentaux, dans la mesure où ils s’y prêtent, soient aussi réalisés dans les relations qui lient les particuliers entre eux. (Art. 35)
  • German
    …
    3 Die Behörden sorgen dafür, dass die Grundrechte, soweit sie sich dazu eignen, auch unter Privaten wirksam werden. (Art. 35)
  • Italian
    …
    3 Le autorità provvedono affinché i diritti fondamentali, per quanto vi si prestino, siano realizzati anche nelle relazioni tra private. (Art. 35)

Obligations of Private Parties

Lithuania
  • English
    While implementing his rights and exercising his freedoms, everyone must observe the Constitution and laws of the Republic of Lithuania and must not restrict the rights and freedoms of other people. (Art. 28)
  • Lithuanian
    Įgyvendindamas savo teises ir naudodamasis savo laisvėmis, žmogus privalo laikytis Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos ir įstatymų, nevaržyti kitų žmonių teisių ir laisvių. (28 straipsnis)

Obligations of Private Parties

Belarus
  • English

    Everyone shall respect the dignity, rights, freedoms and lawful interests of others. (Art. 53)

  • Belarusian

    Кожны абавязаны паважаць годнасць, правы, свабоды, законныя інтарэсы іншых асоб. (Артыкул 53)

  • Russian

    Каждый обязан уважать достоинство, права, свободы, законные интересы других лиц. (Статья 53)

Obligations of Private Parties

Portugal
  • English
    1. The constitutional precepts with regard to rights, freedoms and guarantees are directly applicable and are binding on public and private entities.
    … (Art. 18)
  • Portuguese
    1. Os preceitos constitucionais respeitantes aos direitos, liberdades e garantias são directamente aplicáveis e vinculam as entidades públicas e privadas.
    ... (Art. 18)

Obligations of Private Parties

Estonia
  • English
    …
    When exercising his or her rights and freedoms and fulfilling his or her duties, everyone must respect and observe the rights and freedoms of others, and obey the law. (Sec. 19)
  • Estonian
    …
    Igaüks peab oma õiguste ja vabaduste kasutamisel ning kohustuste täitmisel austama ja arvestama teiste inimeste õigusi ja vabadusi ning järgima seadust. (§ 19)

Obligations of Private Parties

Spain
  • English
    (1) The dignity of the person, the inviolable rights which are inherent, the free development of the personality, the respect for the law and for the rights of others are the foundation of political order and social peace.
    … (Sec. 10)
  • Spanish
    1. La dignidad de la persona, los derechos inviolables que le son inherentes, el libre desarrollo de la personalidad, el respeto a la ley y a los derechos de los demás son fundamento del orden político y de la paz social.
    … (Art. 10)