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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English…
The Constitutional Court is the judge of the violations of the fundamental rights and public freedoms committed by the public powers, the agents of the State and the citizens. It can be referred to [the matter] by the National Institution of Human Rights.
… (Art. 96) - French…
La Cour constitutionnelle est juge des violations des droits fondamentaux et des libertés publiques commises par les pouvoirs publics, les agents de l'État et les citoyens. Elle peut être saisie par l'Institution nationale des droits humains.
… (Art. 96)
Judicial Protection
- English
…
The laws prior to the Constitution must be modified, if it applies, to render them in conformity with the constitutional rights and freedoms within a time period not exceeding three years counting from the date of promulgation of this Constitutional Law.
In case that the modifications provided for in the preceding paragraph are not adopted [apportées] in the prescribed times, any individual can refer [déférer] these laws to the Constitutional Council for examination of their constitutionality. The provisions declared unconstitutional may not be applied. (Art. 102) - Arabic
...
يتوجّب تعديل القوانين السّابقة للدّستور، و عند الاقتضاء- من أجل مطابقتها مع الحقوق و الحريّات الدّستورية في أجل لا يتعدّى ثلاث سنوات(3) اعتبارا من تاريخ صدور هذا القانون الدستوري.
و في حالة عدم إجراء التّعديلات المقرّرة في الفقرة السّابقة في الآجال المحدّدة يجوز لأي شخص أن يطعن في عدم دستورية هذه القوانين أمام المجلس الدستوري. و لا يجوز تطبيق التّرتيبات المحكوم بعدم دستوريتها. (المادّة 102) - French
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Les lois antérieures à la Constitution doivent être modifiées, s’il y a lieu, pour les rendre conformes aux droits et libertés constitutionnels, dans un délai n’excédant pas trois (3) ans pour compter de la date de promulgation de la présente loi constitutionnelle.
Au cas où les modifications prévues à l'alinéa précédent ne sont pas apportées dans les délais prescrits, tout individu pourra déférer ces lois au Conseil constitutionnel pour examen de leur constitutionnalité. Les dispositions déclarées inconstitutionnelles ne peuvent être appliquées. (Art. 102)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) An appeal shall lie from decisions of the Federal High Court or a High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases –
…
(d) decisions in any civil or criminal proceedings on questions as to whether any of the provisions of Chapter IV of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be, contravened in relation to any person;
… (Sec. 241)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Anyone harmed by the actions of the Sovereignty Council or Cabinet may challenge the same before:
(a) The Constitutional Court, if the challenge is directed at any infringement of the constitutional order or constitutional freedoms, protections or rights.
(b) A court, if the challenge is directed at violation of the law. (Art. 20) - Arabic1 يجوز لكل متضرر من أعمال مجلس السيادة او مجلس الوزراء أن يطعن فيها امام:
ا. المحكمة الدستوريه إذا كان الطعن متعلقا بأي تجاوز للنظام الدستوري او الحريات او الحرمات او الحقوق الدستورية
ب. محكمة إذا كان الطعن متعلقاً بأي تجاوز للقانون. (الماده 21)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [a matter] of a pleading of unconstitutionality on remand of the Supreme Court or of the Council of State, when one of the parties in the process sustains before a jurisdiction that the legislative or regulatory provision on which the outcome of the litigation depends infringes the rights and the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.
... (Art. 195) - Arabic
يمكن إخطار المحكمة الدستورية بالدفع بعدم الدستورية بناء على إحالة من المحكمة العليا أو مجلس الدولة، عندما يدعي أحد األطراف في المحاكمة أمام جهة قضائية أن الحكم التشريعي أو التنظيمي الذي يتوقف عليه مآل النزاع ينتهك حقوقه وحرياته التي يضمنها الدستور.
... (المــادة 195) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie d’une exception d’inconstitutionnalité sur renvoi de la Cour suprême ou du Conseil d’Etat, lorsque l’une des parties au procès soutient devant une juridiction que la disposition législative ou réglementaire dont dépend l’issue du litige porte atteinte à ses droits et libertés tels que garantis par la Constitution.
... (Art. 195)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAn individual [who is a] victim of violation of the provisions of Articles 1 to 20 of this Title3 has the right to reparation. (Art. 21)
- FrenchTout individu victime de violation des dispositions des articles. 1er à 20 du présent Titre a droit à réparation. (Art. 21)
Judicial Protection
- English1. All Federal and State legislative, executive and judicial organs at all levels shall have the responsibility and duty to respect and enforce the provisions of this Chapter4.
2. The fundamental rights and freedoms specified in this Chapter shall be interpreted in a manner conforming to the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants on Human Rights and international instruments adopted by Ethiopia. (Art. 13) - Amharic1. በማንኛውም ደረጃ የሚገኙ የፌዴራል መንግሥትና የክልል ሕግ አውጪ፣ ሕግ አስፈጻሚ እና የዳኝነት አካሎች በዚህ ምዕራፍ የተካተቱን ድንጋጌዎች የማክበርና የማስከበር ኃላፊነትና ግዴታ አለባቸው፡፡
2. በዚህ ምዕራፍ የተዘረዘሩት መሠረታዊ የመብቶችና የነጻነቶች ድንጋጌዎች ኢትዮጵያ ከተቀበለቻቸው ዓለም አቀፍ የሰብዓዊ መብቶች ሕግጋት፣ ዓለም አቀፍ የሰብዓዊ ስምምነቶችና ዓለም አቀፍ ሰነዶች መርሆዎች ጋር በተጣጣመ መንገድ ይተረጐማል፡፡ (አንቀጽ 13)
Judicial Protection
- English…
(3) Subject to clause (5), the High Court shall have—
…
(b) jurisdiction to determine the question whether a right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights has been denied, violated, infringed or threatened;
… (Art. 165) - Swahili…
(3) Kwa kuzingatia ibara ya (5), Mahakama Kuu itakuwa na—
…
(b) mamlaka ya kuamua shauri iwapo haki au uhuru wa msingi katika Sheria ya Haki za Binadamu haikutolewa, imekiukwa, imevunjwa au imetishiwa;
… (Kifungu cha 165)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEvery citizen shall have the right of recourse to the courts against acts that violate their rights and interests recognised by the Constitution and the laws. (Art. 70)
- PortugueseO cidadão tem o direito de recorrer aos tribunais contra os actos que violem os seus direitos e interesses reconhecidos pela Constituição e pela lei. (Art. 70)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) A person who claims that a provision of this Charter7 has been or is likely to be contravened in relation to the person by any law, act or omission may, subject to this article, apply to the Constitutional Court for redress.
(2) An application under clause (1) may, where the Constitutional Court is satisfied that the person whose right or freedom has been or is likely to be contravened is unable to do so, be made by another person acting on behalf of that person, with or without that person’s authority.
(3) The Constitutional Court may decline to entertain an application under clause (1) where the Court is satisfied that the applicant has obtained redress for the contravention under any law and where the applicant has obtained redress in the Constitutional Court for any matter for which an application may be made under clause (1), a court shall not entertain any application for redress for such matter except on appeal from a decision of such court.
(4) Where the Constitutional Court on an application under clause (1) is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned in any other court under any other law, the Court may hear the application or transfer the application to the appropriate court for grant of redress in accordance with law.
(5) Upon hearing of an application under clause (1) the Constitutional Court may−
(a) declare any act or omission which is the subject of the application to be a contravention of the Charter;
(b) declare any law or the provision of any law which contravenes the Charter void;
(c) make such declaration or order, issue such writ and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of the Charter and disposing of all the issues relating to the application;
(d) award any damages for the purpose of compensating the person concerned for any damages suffered;
(e) make such additional order under this Constitution or as may be prescribed by law.
…
(7) Where in the course of any proceedings in any court, other than the Constitutional Court or the Court of Appeal, a question arises with regard to whether there has been or is likely to be a contravention of the Charter, the court shall, if it is satisfied that the question is not frivolous or vexatious or has already been the subject of a decision of the Constitutional Court or the Court of Appeal, immediately adjourn the proceedings and refer the question for determination by the Constitutional Court.
(8) Where in an application under clause (1) or where a matter is referred to the Constitutional Court under clause (7), the person alleging the contravention or risk of contravention establishes a prima facie case, the burden of proving that there has not been a contravention or risk of contravention shall, where the allegation is against the State, be on the State.
… (Art. 46)