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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive)4 of this Constitution has been, is being of is likely to be contravened in relation to him then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction-
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of paragraph (1) of this Article; and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any parson which is referred to it in pursuance of paragraph (3) of this Article,
and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise its power under this paragraph if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
3. If, in any proceedings in any court established for The Bahamas other than the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal, any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive), the court in which the question has arisen shall refer the question to the Supreme Court.
4. No law shall make provision with respect to rights of appeal from any determination of the Supreme Court in pursuance of this Article that is less favorable to any party thereto than the rights of appeal from determinations of the Supreme Court that are accorded generally to parties to civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court or original jurisdiction.
5. Parliament may make laws to confer upon the Supreme Court such additional or supplementary powers as may appear to be necessary or desirable for enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by paragraph (2) of this Article and may make provision with respect to the practice and procedure of the Court while exercising that jurisdiction. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Anyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Charter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances.
(2) Where, in proceedings under subsection (1), a court concludes that evidence was obtained in a manner that infringed or denied any rights or freedoms guaranteed by this Charter5, the evidence shall be excluded if it is established that, having regard to all the circumstances, the admission of it in the proceedings would bring the administration of justice into disrepute. (Constitution Act 1982, Sec. 24) - French(1) Toute personne, victime de violation ou de négation des droits ou libertés qui lui sont garantis par la présente charte, peut s’adresser à un tribunal competent pour obtenir la réparation que le tribunal estime convenable et juste eu égard aux circonstances.
(2) Lorsque, dans une instance visée au paragraphe (1), le tribunal a conclu que des éléments de preuve ont été obtenus dans des conditions qui portent atteinte aux droits ou libertés garantis par la présente charte, ces éléments de preuve sont écartés s’il est établi, eu égard aux circonstances, que leur utilisation est susceptible de déconsidérer l’administration de la justice. (Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, Sec. 24)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishPreventive measures can be ordered either jointly or independently of the constitutional actions for the protection of rights, for the purpose of avoiding or ceasing the violation or threat of violation of a right. (Art. 87)
- SpanishSe podrán ordenar medidas cautelares conjunta o Independientemente de las acciones constitucionales de protección de derechos, con el objeto de evitar o hacer cesar la violación o amenaza de violación de un derecho. (Art. 87)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) An appeal to the Court of Appeal shall lie as of right from decisions of the High Court in the following cases, that is to say -
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by article 153 (which relates to the enforcement of fundamental rights and freedoms).
… (Art. 133)
Judicial Protection
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.4 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Judicial Protection
- English…
2. The tasks of the Constitutional Court shall be:
…
b. to assess the consistency of decisions of government institutions with one or more of the constitutional rights mentioned in Chapter V.
… (Art. 144) - Dutch…
2. Het Constitutioneel Hof heeft tot taak:
...
b. Het beoordelen van de verenigbaarheid van besluiten van overheidsorganen met één of meer der in Hoofdstuk V genoemde grondrechten.
... (Art. 144)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) An appeal shall lie from final decisions of the Court of Appeal to the Caribbean Court of Justice as of right in the following cases –
…
(e) in any proceedings that are concerned with the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred upon the High Court relating to redress for the contravention of the provisions of this Constitution for the protection of fundamental rights;
… (Sec. 104)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAll persons have the right to the recourse of habeas corpus to guarantee their personal freedom and integrity, and to the recourse of amparo to maintain or reestablish the enjoyment of the other rights consecrated in this Constitution, as well as those of a fundamental character established in the international instruments concerning human rights, applicable in the Republic. Both recourses will be of the competence of the Chamber indicated in Article 10. (Art. 48)
- SpanishToda persona tiene derecho al recurso de hábeas corpus para garantizar su libertad e integridad personales, y al recurso de amparo para mantener o restablecer el goce de los otros derechos consagrados en esta Constitución, así como de los de carácter fundamental establecidos en los instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos, aplicables en la República. Ambos recursos serán de competencia de la Sala indicada en el artículo 10. (Art. 48)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishCitizens individually or collectively shall be entitled to file a special petition for protection against judgments, final writs or resolutions that have the force of sentencing. For ruling on the admissibility of this appeal, the court shall check compliance with the following requirements:
1. That the judgments, writs and resolutions are final and fully enforceable.
2. That the complainant shows that, in the judgment, there has been a breach, either by deed or omission, of due process of law or other rights enshrined in the Constitution. (Art. 437) - SpanishLos ciudadanos en forma individual o colectiva podrán presentar una acción extraordinaria de protección contra sentencias, autos definitivos y resoluciones con fuerza de sentencia. Para la admisión de este recurso la Corte constatará el cumplimiento de los siguientes requisitos:
1. Que se trate de sentencias, autos y resoluciones firmes o ejecutoriados.
2. Que el recurrente demuestre que en el juzgamiento se ha violado, por acción u omisión, el debido proceso u otros derechos reconocidos en la Constitución. (Art. 437)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe state recognizes the guarantee of amparo.
Consequently, any aggrieved person, or any other in his name, has the right to interpose the recourse of amparo:
1) so that the enjoyment and benefit [goce y disfrute] of the rights and guarantees that the Constitution, the treaties, conventions and other international instruments establish[,] are maintained or restituted; and
2) so that in specific [concretos] cases that a regulation, act [hecho], act [acto] or resolution of authority is declared to not obligate the petitioner [recurrente] or is not applicable to contravene, diminish or distort any of the rights recognized by this Constitution.
When the action of amparo is interposed before a non-competent Jurisdictional Organ, the written original must be remitted to the competent Jurisdictional Organ.
The recourse of amparo must be interposed in conformity with the law. (Art. 183) - SpanishEl Estado reconoce la garantía de amparo.
En consecuencia toda persona agraviada o cualquiera en nombre de ésta, tiene derecho a interponer recurso de amparo:
1) Para que se le mantenga o restituya en el goce y disfrute de los derechos o garantías que la Constitución, los tratados, convenciones y otros instrumentos internacionales establecen; y,
2) Para que se declare en casos concretos que un reglamento, hecho, acto o resolución de autoridad, no obliga, al recurrente ni es aplicable por contravenir, disminuir o tergiversar cualesquiera de los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución.
Cuando la acción de amparo se interrumpiese ante un órgano Jurisdiccional incompetente éste debe remitir el escrito original al órgano Jurisdiccional competente.
El recurso de Amparo se debe interponer de conformidad con la Ley. (Art. 183)