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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEveryone has the right to have any decision regarding his rights, duties, and any charges brought against him made without undue delay by an independent, impartial court constituted by law.
… (Art. 23) - SloveneVsakdo ima pravico, da o njegovih pravicah in dolžnostih ter o obtožbah proti njemu brez nepotrebnega odlašanja odloča neodvisno, nepristransko in z zakonom ustanovljeno sodišče.
… (23. Člen)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe right to litigate shall be guaranteed for all, and no one shall be deprived of the right to resort to the justice system. (Art. 52)
- Arabicيكفل للكافة الحق في التقاضي، ولا يجوز منع أحد من حقه في اللجوء إلي العدالة. (الماده 53)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of Justice, will be organized in chambers, one of which is the Constitutional [Chamber], …
The Constitutional Chamber has the following attributions:
1) To take cognizance[,] in conformity with this Constitution and the law, of the recourses of Habeas Corpus or Personal Exhibition [Exhibición Personal], Habeas Data, Amparo, Unconstitutionality and Revision,
… (Art. 316) - SpanishLa Corte Suprema de Justicia, está organizada en salas, una de las cuales es la de lo Constitucional, …
La Sala de lo Constitucional tiene las atribuciones siguientes:
1. Conocer, de conformidad con esta Constitución y la Ley, de los recursos de Habeas Corpus o Exhibición Personal, Habeas Data, Amparo, Inconstitucionalidad y Revisión;
… (Art. 316)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Proceedings under section 7(1)(a) in respect of a judicial act may be brought only—
(a) by exercising a right of appeal;
(b) on an application (in Scotland a petition) for judicial review; or
(c) in such other forum as may be prescribed by rules.
(2) That does not affect any rule of law which prevents a court from being the subject of judicial review.
(3) In proceedings under this Act in respect of a judicial act done in good faith, damages may not be awarded otherwise than—
(a) to compensate a person to the extent required by Article 5(5) of the Convention, or
(b) to compensate a person for a judicial act that is incompatible with Article 6 of the Convention in circumstances where the person is detained and, but for the incompatibility, the person would not have been detained or would not have been detained for so long.
(4) An award of damages permitted by subsection (3) is to be made against the Crown; but no award may be made unless the appropriate person, if not a party to the proceedings, is joined.
(5) In this section—
“appropriate person” means the Minister responsible for the court concerned, or a person or government department nominated by him;
“court” includes a tribunal;
“judge” includes a member of a tribunal, a justice of the peace (or, in Northern Ireland, a lay magistrate) and a clerk or other officer entitled to exercise the jurisdiction of a court;
“judicial act” means a judicial act of a court and includes an act done on the instructions, or on behalf, of a judge; and
“rules” has the same meaning as in section 7(9). (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 9)
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive)4 of this Constitution has been, is being of is likely to be contravened in relation to him then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction-
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of paragraph (1) of this Article; and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any parson which is referred to it in pursuance of paragraph (3) of this Article,
and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise its power under this paragraph if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
3. If, in any proceedings in any court established for The Bahamas other than the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal, any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive), the court in which the question has arisen shall refer the question to the Supreme Court.
4. No law shall make provision with respect to rights of appeal from any determination of the Supreme Court in pursuance of this Article that is less favorable to any party thereto than the rights of appeal from determinations of the Supreme Court that are accorded generally to parties to civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court or original jurisdiction.
5. Parliament may make laws to confer upon the Supreme Court such additional or supplementary powers as may appear to be necessary or desirable for enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by paragraph (2) of this Article and may make provision with respect to the practice and procedure of the Court while exercising that jurisdiction. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- English
It corresponds to the Constitutional Tribunal:
…
2. To take cognizance, in final and definitive instance, of resolutions denying habeas corpus, amparo, habeas data, and action of cumplimiento.
… (Art. 202) - Spanish
Corresponde al Tribunal Constitucional:
…
2. Conocer, en última y definitiva instancia, las resoluciones denegatorias de hábeas corpus, amparo, hábeas data, y acción de cumplimiento.
… (Art. 202)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) This section is in addition to, and not in derogation of, Section 57 (enforcement of guaranteed rights and freedoms).
(2) A person whose rights or freedoms declared or protected by this Division are infringed (including any infringement caused by a derogation of the restrictions specified in Part X.5 (internment)) on the use of emergency powers in relation to internment is entitled to reasonable damages and, if the court thinks it proper, exemplary damages in respect of the infringement.
(3) Subject to Subsections (4) and (5), damages may be a awarded against any person who committed, or was responsible for, the infringement.
… (Sec. 58)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 32, every High Court shall have power, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose.
…
(4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Court by clause (2) of article 32. (Art. 226) - Hindi(1) अनुच्छेद 32 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय को उन राज्यक्षेत्रों में सर्वत्र, जिनके संबंध में वह अपनी अधिकारिता का प्रयोग करता है, भाग III द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों में से किसी को प्रवर्तित कराने के लिए और किसी अन्य प्रयोजन के लिए उन राज्यक्षेत्रों के भीतर किसी व्यक्ति या प्राधिकारी को या समुचित मामलों में किसी सरकार को ऐसे निदेश, आदेश या रिट जिनके अंतर्गत बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, अधिकार-पृष्छा और उत्प्रेषण रिट हैं, या उनमें से कोई निकालने की शक्ति होगी।
…
(4) इस अनुच्छेद द्वारा उच्च न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति से, अनुच्छेद 32 के खंड (2) द्वारा उच्चतम न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं होगा। (अनुच्छेद 226)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Part, other than —
(a) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(b) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
all laws, and all acts done under a law, must be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(2) Any question whether a law is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity is to be determined in the light of the circumstances existing at the time when the decision on the question is made.
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect any question whether an act done under a law was reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(4) A law may be declared not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity only by the High Court or some other court prescribed for the purpose by or under an Act of Parliament.
(5) In determining whether a law or act is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity, a court may have regard to —
(a) traditional standards, values and practices, as well as previous laws and judicial decisions, of Tuvalu; and
(b) law, practices and judicial decisions of other countries that the court reasonably regards as democratic; and
(c) international conventions, declarations, recommendations and judicial decisions concerning human rights; and
(d) the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities; and
(e) any other matters that the court thinks relevant.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), any law, or any act done under a valid law, which accords with traditional standards, values and practices shall not contravene subsection (1) above, unless the relevant traditional standard, value or practice would be regarded by a resolution of Parliament supported
by the votes of two-thirds of the total membership as one which should be eliminated. (Sec. 15)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The following may apply to the Constitutional Court:
...
7. Local self-government bodies – with a question regarding the conformity with the Constitution of normative legal acts stipulated by Point 1 of Article 168 of the Constitution that violate their constitutional rights, as well as in the cases stipulated by Point 4 of Article 168 of the Constitution;
8. Everyone – in a concrete case when there is a final act of court, all judicial remedies have been exhausted, and the person challenges the constitutionality of a provision of a normative legal act applied in relation to him by such act of court, which has led to a violation of his fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter 2 of the Constitution, taking into account also the construal of such provision in its practical legal application;
...
10. The Human Rights Defender – concerning the conformity of the normative legal acts listed in Point 1 of Article 168 of the Constitution with the provisions of Chapter 2 of the Constitution;
... (Art. 169) - Armenian1. Սահմանադրական դատարան կարող են դիմել՝
…
7) տեղական ինքնակառավարման մարմինները՝ Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին կետում թվարկված` իրենց սահմանադրական իրավունքները խախտող նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի՝ Սահմանադրությանը համապատասխանության հարցով, ինչպես նաև Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 4-րդ կետով սահմանված դեպքերում.
8) յուրաքանչյուր ոք՝ կոնկրետ գործով, երբ առկա է դատարանի վերջնական ակտը, սպառվել են դատական պաշտպանության բոլոր միջոցները և վիճարկում է այդ ակտով իր նկատմամբ կիրառված նորմատիվ իրավական ակտի դրույթի սահմանադրականությունը, ինչը հանգեցրել է Սահմանադրության 2-րդ գլխում ամրագրված իր հիմնական իրավունքների և ազատությունների խախտման՝ հաշվի առնելով նաև համապատասխան դրույթին իրավակիրառ պրակտիկայում տրված մեկնաբանությունը.
…
10) Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանը՝ Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին կետում թվարկված նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի՝ Սահմանադրության 2-րդ գլխի դրույթներին համապատասխանության հարցերով.
… (Հոդված 169)