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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 18 to 33 or section 36(5) of this Chapter has been, is being, or is likely to be contravened in relation to himself or herself by any person he or she may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) An application may be made under this section in the case of a person who is detained by some other person acting on the detained person's behalf.
(3) An application under this section shall be without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available.
(4) If in any proceedings in any court subordinate to the High Court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of the said sections 18 to 33 or section 36(5), that court may, and shall if any party so requests, refer the question to the High Court, unless, in the opinion of the subordinate court, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(5) The High Court shall—
(a) hear and determine any application made by any person pursuant to subsection (1) or (2);
(b) determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (4)
and may, in addition to the powers conferred on it by section 5 (which relates to defence of the Constitution) make such order, issue such writ, and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purposes of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said sections 18 to 33 or section 36(5) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
…
(7) An Act of the National Assembly may confer on the High Court such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may appear to be necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
… (Sec. 37)
Judicial Protection
- English…
Everyone who has suffered a violation of his or her rights or sustained loss through an unlawful act or omission by a civil servant or other person performing a public task shall have the right to request that the civil servant or other person in charge of a public task be sentenced to a punishment and that the public organisation, official or other person in charge of a public task be held liable for damages, as provided by an Act. However, there is no such right to bring charges, if, under the Constitution, the charges are to be heard by the High Court of Impeachment. (Sec. 118) - Finnish…
Jokaisella, joka on kärsinyt oikeudenloukkauksen tai vahinkoa virkamiehen tai muun julkista tehtävää hoitavan henkilön lainvastaisen toimenpiteen tai laiminlyönnin vuoksi, on oikeus vaatia tämän tuomitsemista rangaistukseen sekä vahingonkorvausta julkisyhteisöltä taikka virkamieheltä tai muulta julkista tehtävää hoitavalta sen mukaan kuin lailla säädetään. Tässä tarkoitettua syyteoikeutta ei kuitenkaan ole, jos syyte on perustuslain mukaan käsiteltävä valtakunnanoikeudessa. (118 §) - Swedish…
Var och en som har lidit rättskränkning eller skada till följd av en lagstridig åtgärd eller försummelse av en tjänsteman eller någon som sköter ett offentligt uppdrag har, enligt vad som bestäms genom lag, rätt att yrka att denne döms till straff samt kräva skadestånd av det offentliga samfundet eller av tjänstemannen eller den som sköter det offentliga uppdraget. Här avsedd åtalsrätt föreligger emellertid inte, om åtalet enligt grundlagen skall behandlas i riksrätten. (118 §)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Appropriate principles of interpretation of this Constitution shall be developed and employed by the courts to reflect the unique character and supreme status of this Constitution.
2. In interpreting the provisions of this Constitution a court of law shall—
a. promote the values which underlie an open and democratic society;
b. take full account of the provisions of Chapter III and Chapter IV5; and
c. where applicable, have regard to current norms of public international law and comparable foreign case law.
3. Where a court of law declares an act of executive or a law to be invalid, that court may apply such interpretation of that act or law as is consistent with this Constitution.
4. Any law that ousts or purports to oust the jurisdiction of the courts to entertain matters pertaining to this Constitution shall be invalid. (Sec. 11)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court is [the] judge of the constitutionality of the laws and it guarantees the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms.
… (Art. 85) - FrenchLa Cour Constitutionnelle est juge de la constitutionnalité des lois et elle garantit les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et les libertés publiques.
… (Art. 85)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Constitutional Court of the Republic of North Macedonia:
…
- protects the freedoms and rights of the individual and citizen relating to the freedom of conviction, conscience, thought and public expression of thought, political association and activity as well as to the prohibition of discrimination among citizens on the ground of sex, race, religion or national, social or political affiliation;
… (Art. 110) - MacedonianУставниот суд на Република Северна Македонија:
…
- ги штити слободите и правата на човекот и граѓанинот што се однесуваат на слободата на уверувањето, совеста, мислата и јавното изразување на мислата, политичкото здружување и дејствување и забраната на дискриминација на граѓаните по основ на пол, раса, верска, национална, социјална и политичка припадност;
… (Член 110)
Judicial Protection
- English…
(2) An appeal shall lie from the decisions of the Court of Appeal to the Supreme Court as of right in the following cases –
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(c) decisions in any civil or criminal proceedings on questions as to whether any of the provisions of Chapter IV7 of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be, contravened in relation to any person;
… (Sec. 233)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEvery person has [recourse to] the action of protection [acción de tutela] to claim before the judges, at any time or place, through a preferential and summary proceeding, for themselves or by whoever acts in their name, the immediate protection of their fundamental constitutional rights whenever these [are] consequently damaged or threatened by the action or omission of any public authority.
The protection [protección] will consist of an order so that [the party] from whom the protection [tutela] is solicited, acts or refrains from it. The decision, which must be of immediate compliance, may be challenged before the competent judge, and in any case, the latter may return it to the Constitutional Court for its subsequent [eventual] revision.
This action will proceed only when the affected [party] does not dispose of another means of judicial defense, except when the former is used as a transitory mechanism to avoid an irreversible harm.
In no case may more than ten days elapse between the request for protection [tutela] and its resolution.
The law will establish the cases in which the action of protection [tutela] proceeds against individuals entrusted with the provision of a public service or whose conduct affects seriously and directly the collective interest, or in respect of whom the applicant finds himself in a state of subordination or defenselessness. (Art. 86) - SpanishToda persona tendrá acción de tutela para reclamar ante los jueces, en todo momento y lugar, mediante un procedimiento preferente y sumario, por sí misma o por quien actúe a su nombre, la protección inmediata de sus derechos constitucionales fundamentales, cuando quiera que éstos resulten vulnerados o amenazados por la acción o la omisión de cualquier autoridad pública.
La protección consistirá en una orden para que aquel respecto de quien se solicita la tutela, actúe o se abstenga de hacerlo. El fallo, que será de inmediato cumplimiento, podrá impugnarse ante el juez competente y, en todo caso, éste lo remitirá a la Corte Constitucional para su eventual revisión.
Esta acción solo procederá cuando el afectado no disponga de otro medio de defensa judicial, salvo que aquella se utilice como mecanismo transitorio para evitar un perjuicio irremediable.
En ningún caso podrán transcurrir más de diez días entre la solicitud de tutela y su resolución.
La ley establecerá los casos en los que la acción de tutela procede contra particulares encargados de la prestación de un servicio público o cuya conducta afecte grave y directamente el interés colectivo, o respecto de quienes el solicitante se halle en estado de subordinación o indefensión. (Art. 86)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court shall commence the proceedings upon a petition submitted by:
...
g) The Public Defender of Rights in cases of conformity of legal regulations pursuant to Article 125.1, if their further application could threaten the basic rights and freedoms ensuing from an international treaty ratified by the Slovak Republic and promulgated in the manner laid down by law.
... (Art. 130) - Slovak
(1) Ústavný súd začne konanie, ak podá návrh
...
g) verejný ochranca práv vo veciach súladu právnych predpisov podľa čl. 125 ods. 1, ak ich ďalšie uplatňovanie môţe ohroziť základné práva alebo slobody alebo ľudské práva a základné slobody vyplývajúce z medzinárodnej zmluvy, ktorú Slovenská republika ratifikovala a ktorá bola vyhlásená spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom,
... (Čl. 130)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The Supreme Court shall be the custodian of this Constitution and the constitutions of the states.
2. The Supreme Court shall exercise competences as follows:
…
k. uphold and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms;
… (Art. 126)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe special proceedings for protection shall be admissible against those rulings or definitive judgments where there has been a violation, by deed or omission, of the rights enshrined in the Constitution, and they shall be filed with the Constitutional Court. This appeal shall be admissible when regular and special appeals have been exhausted within the legal framework, unless the failure to file these resources was not attributable to the negligence of the person bearing the constitutional right that was infringed. (Art. 94)
- SpanishLa acción extraordinaria de protección procederá contra sentencias o autos definitivos en los que se haya violado por acción u omisión derechos reconocidos en la Constitución, y se interpondrá ante la Corte Constitucional. El recurso procederá cuando se hayan agotado los recursos ordinarios y extraordinarios dentro del término legal, a menos que la falta de interposición de estos recursos no fuera atribuible a la negligencia de la persona titular del derecho constitucional vulnerado. (Art. 94)