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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in this Chapter5 shall be respected and upheld by the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary and all organs of the Government and its agencies and, where applicable to them, by all natural and legal persons in Namibia, and shall be enforceable by the Courts in the manner hereinafter prescribed. (Art. 5)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall be guaranteed protection in court of his (her) rights and freedoms.
2. Decisions and actions (or inaction) of State government bodies, local self-government bodies, public organisations and officials may be appealed against in court.
3. Everyone shall have the right in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation to appeal to interstate bodies for the protection of human rights and freedoms if all available internal means of legal protection have been exhausted. (Art. 46) - Russian1. Каждому гарантируется судебная защита его прав и свобод.
2. Решения и действия (или бездействие) органов государственной власти, органов местного самоуправления, общественных объединений и должностных лиц могут быть обжалованы в суд.
3. Каждый вправе в соответствии с международными договорами Российской Федерации обращаться в межгосударственные органы по защите прав и свобод человека, если исчерпаны все имеющиеся внутригосударственные средства правовой защиты. (Статья 46)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (4), if any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 16 to 27 (inclusive) has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him by any person (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person, (or that other person), may apply by motion to the Supreme Court for redress.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction—
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to in pursuance of subsection (3), and may make such order, issue such writs, and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing, or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said sections 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court other than the Supreme Court, any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 16 to 27 inclusive, that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the Supreme Court.
… (Sec. 28)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Popular Action (la Accion Popular) shall proceed against any act or omission by the authorities or individuals or collectives that violates or threatens to violate rights and collective interests related to public patrimony, space, security and health, the environment and other rights of a similar nature that are recognized by this Constitution. (Art. 135)
- SpanishLa Acción Popular procederá contra todo acto u omisión de las autoridades o de personas individuales o colectivas que violen o amenacen con violar derechos e intereses colectivos, relacionados con el patrimonio, el espacio, la seguridad y salubridad pública, el medio ambiente y otros de similar naturaleza reconocidos por esta Constitución. (Art. 135)
Judicial Protection
- English
The federal judges have the competence to institute legal proceeding and trial of:
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V-A – cases regarding human rights referred to in paragraph 5 of this article;
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Paragraph 5. In cases of serious human rights violations, and with a view to ensuring compliance with obligations deriving from international human rights treaties to which Brazil is a party, the Attorney-General of the Republic may request, before the Superior Court of Justice, and in the course of any of the stages of the inquiry or judicial action, that jurisdiction on the matter be taken to Federal Justice. (Art. 109) - Portuguese
Aos juízes federais compete processar e julgar:
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V-A as causas relativas a direitos humanos a que se refere o § 5º deste artigo;
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§ 5º Nas hipóteses de grave violação de direitos humanos, o ProcuradorGeral da República, com a finalidade de assegurar o cumprimento de obrigações decorrentes de tratados internacionais de direitos humanos dos quais o Brasil seja parte, poderá suscitar, perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça, em qualquer fase do inquérito ou processo, incidente de deslocamento de competência para a Justiça Federal. (Art. 109)
Judicial Protection
- English1 The Federal Supreme Court hears disputes concerning violations of:
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d. cantonal constitutional rights;
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f. federal and cantonal provisions on political rights.
… (Art. 189) - French1 Le Tribunal fédéral connaît des contestations pour violation:
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d. des droits constitutionnels cantonaux;
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f. des dispositions fédérales et cantonales sur les droits politiques.
… (Art. 189) - German1 Das Bundesgericht beurteilt Streitigkeiten wegen Verletzung:
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d. von kantonalen verfassungsmässigen Rechten;
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f. von eidgenössischen und kantonalen Bestimmungen über die politischen Rechte.
… (Art. 189) - Italian1 Il Tribunale federale giudica le controversie per violazione:
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d. dei diritti costituzionali cantonali;
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f. delle disposizioni federali e cantonali sui diritti politici.
… (Art. 189)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Subject to clause (5), if any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 266 inclusive has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him, then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply for redress to the High Court which shall—
a. hear and determine any such application;
b. determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of clause (2);
and which may, make such order, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing, or securing the enforcement of, any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 inclusive.
2.
a. If in any proceedings in any subordinate court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 inclusive, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
b. Any person aggrieved by any determination of the High Court under this Article may appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court:
Provided that no appeal shall lie from a determination of the High Court under this Article dismissing an application on the ground that it is frivolous and vexatious.
3. No application shall be brought under clause (1) on the grounds that the provisions of Articles 11 to 26 (inclusive) are likely to be contravened by reason of proposals contained in any bill which, at the date of the application, has not become a law.
4. Parliament may confer upon the Supreme Court or High Court such jurisdiction or powers in addition to those conferred by this Article as may appear to be necessary or desirable of the purpose of enabling that Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this Article or of enabling any application for redress to be more speedily determined. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishJurisdictional guarantees shall be governed, as a rule, by the following provisions:
1. Any person, group of persons, community, people or nation will be able to propose actions envisaged in the Constitution.
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5. All final judgments shall be referred to the Constitutional Court for their development in case law. (Art. 86) - SpanishLas garantías jurisdiccionales se regirán, en general, por las siguientes disposiciones:
1. Cualquier persona, grupo de personas, comunidad, pueblo o nacionalidad podrá proponer las acciones previstas en la Constitución.
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5. Todas las sentencias ejecutoriadas serán remitidas a la Corte Constitucional, para el desarrollo de su jurisprudencia. (Art. 86)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishNo court shall, in relation to any enactment (whether passed or made before or after the commencement of this Bill of Rights),—
(a) hold any provision of the enactment to be impliedly repealed or revoked, or to be in any way invalid or ineffective; or
(b) decline to apply any provision of the enactment—by reason only that the provision is inconsistent with any provision of this Bill of Rights. (Bill of Rights Act 1990, Sec. 4)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) It is the duty of Parliament, the Government, the courts and all other public agencies to be guided in the discharge of their functions by the principles set out in this Chapter4 and Parliament may provide for any of those principles to be enforceable in any court or tribunal.
(2) In the interpretation of the fundamental rights provisions in this Constitution a court shall pay due regard to international law, international conventions, covenants and charters bearing on human rights. (Art. 39)