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Judicial Protection
- English(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 32, every High Court shall have power, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose.
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(4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Court by clause (2) of article 32. (Art. 226) - Hindi(1) अनुच्छेद 32 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय को उन राज्यक्षेत्रों में सर्वत्र, जिनके संबंध में वह अपनी अधिकारिता का प्रयोग करता है, भाग III द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों में से किसी को प्रवर्तित कराने के लिए और किसी अन्य प्रयोजन के लिए उन राज्यक्षेत्रों के भीतर किसी व्यक्ति या प्राधिकारी को या समुचित मामलों में किसी सरकार को ऐसे निदेश, आदेश या रिट जिनके अंतर्गत बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, अधिकार-पृष्छा और उत्प्रेषण रिट हैं, या उनमें से कोई निकालने की शक्ति होगी।
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(4) इस अनुच्छेद द्वारा उच्च न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति से, अनुच्छेद 32 के खंड (2) द्वारा उच्चतम न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं होगा। (अनुच्छेद 226)
Judicial Protection
- English
The disputes that Article 103 of the Constitution concerns, with the exception of those in electoral matters, will be subject to the procedures and formalities [formas] of the juridical order that the law determines, in accordance with the following bases:
I. A trial in amparo will always be held [seguirá] at the instance of the party injured [agrivada], having such character any [person] claiming to be entitled [titular] to a right or to an individual or collective interest, whenever it [is] alleged that the challenged act violates the rights recognized by the Constitution and furthermore affects its juridical sphere, either in direct manner or by virtue of its special situation before [frente] the juridical order.
Concerning the acts or resolutions proceeding from the judicial, administrative or labor tribunals, the complainant must claim to be entitled to a subjective right that affects them in a personal and direct manner;
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V.
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The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the Federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the direct amparos that by their interest and transcendence [trascendencia] so merit it.
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VIII. Against the decisions that the District Judges [feminine] and the District Judges [masculine] or the Collegiate Tribunals of Appeal issue in amparo[,] revision proceeds. The Supreme Court of Justice will take cognizance of them:
a) When general norms have been challenged in the demand of amparo, for considering them [estimaraos] directly in violation of this Constitution, the issue [problema] of constitutionality subsisting in the recourse.
b) When it concerns those cases comprehended in fractions II and III of Article 103 of this Constitution.
The Supreme Court of Justice can, of office or on substantiated petition of the corresponding Collegiate Circuit Tribunal, of the Attorney General of the Republic, in the matters in which the Public Ministry of the federation is a part, or of the Federal Executive, through the Juridical Councilor of the Government, take cognizance of the amparos in revision, that by their interest and transcendence so merit it.
… (Art. 107) - Spanish
Las controversias de que habla el artículo 103 de esta Constitución, con excepción de aquellas en materia electoral, se sujetarán a los procedimientos que determine la ley reglamentaria, de acuerdo con las bases siguientes:
I. El juicio de amparo se seguirá siempre a instancia de parte agraviada, teniendo tal carácter quien aduce ser titular de un derecho o de un interés legítimo individual o colectivo, siempre que alegue que el acto reclamado viola los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución y con ello se afecte su esfera jurídica, ya sea de manera directa o en virtud de su especial situación frente al orden jurídico.
Tratándose de actos o resoluciones provenientes de tribunales judiciales, administrativos o del trabajo, el quejoso deberá aducir ser titular de un derecho subjetivo que se afecte de manera personal y directa;
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V.
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La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos directos que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
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VIII. Contra las sentencias que pronuncien en amparo las Juezas y los Jueces de Distrito o los Tribunales Colegiados de Apelación procede revisión. De ella conocerá la Suprema Corte de Justicia:
a) Cuando habiéndose impugnado en la demanda de amparo normas generales por estimarlas directamente violatorias de esta Constitución, subsista en el recurso el problema de constitucionalidad.
b) Cuando se trate de los casos comprendidos en las fracciones II y III del artículo 103 de esta Constitución.
La Suprema Corte de Justicia, de oficio o a petición fundada del correspondiente Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito, del Fiscal General de la República, en los asuntos en que el Ministerio Público de la Federación sea parte, o del Ejecutivo Federal, por conducto del Consejero Jurídico del Gobierno, podrá conocer de los amparos en revisión, que por su interés y trascendencia así lo ameriten.
… (Art. 107)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Part, other than —
(a) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(b) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
all laws, and all acts done under a law, must be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(2) Any question whether a law is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity is to be determined in the light of the circumstances existing at the time when the decision on the question is made.
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect any question whether an act done under a law was reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(4) A law may be declared not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity only by the High Court or some other court prescribed for the purpose by or under an Act of Parliament.
(5) In determining whether a law or act is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity, a court may have regard to —
(a) traditional standards, values and practices, as well as previous laws and judicial decisions, of Tuvalu; and
(b) law, practices and judicial decisions of other countries that the court reasonably regards as democratic; and
(c) international conventions, declarations, recommendations and judicial decisions concerning human rights; and
(d) the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities; and
(e) any other matters that the court thinks relevant.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), any law, or any act done under a valid law, which accords with traditional standards, values and practices shall not contravene subsection (1) above, unless the relevant traditional standard, value or practice would be regarded by a resolution of Parliament supported
by the votes of two-thirds of the total membership as one which should be eliminated. (Sec. 15)
Judicial Protection
- English
The citizens of Mongolia are guaranteed to exercise the following rights and freedoms:
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14/ the right to appeal to the court to protect his/her rights if he/she considers that the rights or freedoms as stated by the Mongolian law or an international treaty have been violated;
… (Art. 16) - Mongolian
Монгол Улсын иргэн дараахь үндсэн эрх, эрх чөлөөг баталгаатай эдэлнэ:
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14) Монгол Улсын хууль, олон улсын гэрээнд заасан эрх, эрх чөлөө нь зөрчигдсөн гэж үзвэл уул эрхээ хамгаалуулахаар шүүхэд гомдол гаргах … эрхтэй.
… (Арван зургадугаар зүйл)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishSubject to the provisions of section 39(8), an appeal shall lie from decisions of the High Court to the Court of Appeal as of right in the following cases—
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(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by section 16 (which relates to the enforcement of the fundamental rights and freedoms); and
… (Sec. 107)
Judicial Protection
- English...
2. Constitutional and legal precepts relating to fundamental rights must be interpreted and incorporated in accordance with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, the African Charter on the Rights of Man and Peoples and international treaties on the subject ratified by the Republic of Angola.
3. In any consideration by the Angolan courts of disputes concerning fundamental rights, the international instruments referred to in the previous point shall be applied, even if not invoked by the parties concerned. (Art. 26) - Portuguese...
2. Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados e integrados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, a Carta Africana dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos e os tratados internacionais sobre a matéria, ratificados pela República de Angola.
3. Na apreciação de litígios pelos tribunais angolanos relativos à matéria sobre direitos fundamentais, aplicam-se os instrumentos internacionais referidos no número anterior, ainda que não sejam invocados pelas partes. (Art. 26)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe law shall defend the rights of the victim. The state shall guarantee judicial protection and compensation to the victim. (Art. 21)
- RussianЗакон защищает права потерпевшего. Государство гарантирует потерпевшему судебную защиту и возмещение нанесенного ему ущерба. (Статья 21)
- TajikІуѕуѕи їабрдидаро ѕонун іифз мекунад. Давлат іифзи судњ ва їуброни зарарро барои їабрдида кафолат медиіад. (Моддаи 21)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The following may apply to the Constitutional Court:
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7. Local self-government bodies – with a question regarding the conformity with the Constitution of normative legal acts stipulated by Point 1 of Article 168 of the Constitution that violate their constitutional rights, as well as in the cases stipulated by Point 4 of Article 168 of the Constitution;
8. Everyone – in a concrete case when there is a final act of court, all judicial remedies have been exhausted, and the person challenges the constitutionality of a provision of a normative legal act applied in relation to him by such act of court, which has led to a violation of his fundamental rights and freedoms enshrined in Chapter 2 of the Constitution, taking into account also the construal of such provision in its practical legal application;
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10. The Human Rights Defender – concerning the conformity of the normative legal acts listed in Point 1 of Article 168 of the Constitution with the provisions of Chapter 2 of the Constitution;
... (Art. 169) - Armenian1. Սահմանադրական դատարան կարող են դիմել՝
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7) տեղական ինքնակառավարման մարմինները՝ Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին կետում թվարկված` իրենց սահմանադրական իրավունքները խախտող նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի՝ Սահմանադրությանը համապատասխանության հարցով, ինչպես նաև Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 4-րդ կետով սահմանված դեպքերում.
8) յուրաքանչյուր ոք՝ կոնկրետ գործով, երբ առկա է դատարանի վերջնական ակտը, սպառվել են դատական պաշտպանության բոլոր միջոցները և վիճարկում է այդ ակտով իր նկատմամբ կիրառված նորմատիվ իրավական ակտի դրույթի սահմանադրականությունը, ինչը հանգեցրել է Սահմանադրության 2-րդ գլխում ամրագրված իր հիմնական իրավունքների և ազատությունների խախտման՝ հաշվի առնելով նաև համապատասխան դրույթին իրավակիրառ պրակտիկայում տրված մեկնաբանությունը.
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10) Մարդու իրավունքների պաշտպանը՝ Սահմանադրության 168-րդ հոդվածի 1-ին կետում թվարկված նորմատիվ իրավական ակտերի՝ Սահմանադրության 2-րդ գլխի դրույթներին համապատասխանության հարցերով.
… (Հոդված 169)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe judicial power is exercised in Chad by the Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeal, the High Military Court, the tribunals and the justices of the peace.
It is the guardian of the freedoms and of individual property. It sees to the respect of the fundamental rights. (Art. 148) - Arabicتمارس المحكمة العليا ومحاكم الاستئناف والمحكمة العسكرية العليا والمحاكم وقضاة الصلح السلطة القضائية في تشاد.
إنها كافلة الحريات والملكية الفردية، وتحرص على احترام الحقوق الأساسية. (المادة 148) - FrenchLe pouvoir judiciaire est exercé au Tchad par la Cour Suprême, les cours d'Appel, la Haute Cour Militaire, les tribunaux et les justices de paix.
Il est le gardien des libertés et de la propriété individuelle. Il veille au respect des droits fondamentaux. (Art. 148)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The rights and freedoms recognised in chapters III9 and IV10 are protected by regular courts through urgent and preferential proceedings regulated by law, which in any case shall be transacted in two instances.
2. A law shall create an extraordinary Procedure of Appeal before the Constitutional Court against acts of the public authorities which may violate the essential contents of the rights mentioned in the paragraph above, with the exception of the case provided for in article 22. (Art. 41) - Catalan1. Els drets i llibertats reconeguts en els capítols III i IV són tutelats pels tribunals ordinaris per mitjà d'un procediment urgent i preferent regulat per la llei, que, en qualsevol cas, se substanciarà en dues instàncies.
2. La llei crearà un procediment excepcional d'empara davant el Tribunal Constitucional contra els actes dels poders públics que violin el contingut essencial dels drets esmentats en l'apartat anterior, llevat el supòsit previst a l'article 22. (Art. 41)