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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 inclusive has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him or her (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction—
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3),
and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 (inclusive):
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a court-martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 2 to 15 (inclusive), the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his or her opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3), the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council.
(5) The High Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred upon it by Parliament for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 16)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive2 of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction-
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section; and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a court-martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 19 inclusive of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall, if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of this question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Any person aggrieved by any determination of the High Court under this section may appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeal.
(5) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3) of this section, the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to the Caribbean Court of Justice, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of the Caribbean Court of Justice.
(6) Notwithstanding the validity of any law under section 9 (2), 10 (3), 11 (5), 12 (2), 13 (2) or 16 (4) (d) of this Constitution, any act or thing done under the authority of such law shall be unlawful if such act or thing is shown not to be reasonably required in the actual circumstances in which it is done.
(7) The High Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred on it by the National Assembly for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred on it by this section.
(8) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 20)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 32, every High Court shall have power, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose.
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(4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Court by clause (2) of article 32. (Art. 226) - Hindi(1) अनुच्छेद 32 में किसी बात के होते हुए भी प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय को उन राज्यक्षेत्रों में सर्वत्र, जिनके संबंध में वह अपनी अधिकारिता का प्रयोग करता है, भाग III द्वारा प्रदत्त अधिकारों में से किसी को प्रवर्तित कराने के लिए और किसी अन्य प्रयोजन के लिए उन राज्यक्षेत्रों के भीतर किसी व्यक्ति या प्राधिकारी को या समुचित मामलों में किसी सरकार को ऐसे निदेश, आदेश या रिट जिनके अंतर्गत बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, अधिकार-पृष्छा और उत्प्रेषण रिट हैं, या उनमें से कोई निकालने की शक्ति होगी।
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(4) इस अनुच्छेद द्वारा उच्च न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति से, अनुच्छेद 32 के खंड (2) द्वारा उच्चतम न्यायालय को प्रदत्त शक्ति का अल्पीकरण नहीं होगा। (अनुच्छेद 226)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Part, other than —
(a) section 33 (hostile disciplined forces); and
(b) section 36 (restrictions on certain rights and freedoms during public emergencies),
all laws, and all acts done under a law, must be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(2) Any question whether a law is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity is to be determined in the light of the circumstances existing at the time when the decision on the question is made.
(3) Subsection (2) does not affect any question whether an act done under a law was reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity.
(4) A law may be declared not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity only by the High Court or some other court prescribed for the purpose by or under an Act of Parliament.
(5) In determining whether a law or act is reasonably justifiable in a democratic society that has a proper respect for human rights and dignity, a court may have regard to —
(a) traditional standards, values and practices, as well as previous laws and judicial decisions, of Tuvalu; and
(b) law, practices and judicial decisions of other countries that the court reasonably regards as democratic; and
(c) international conventions, declarations, recommendations and judicial decisions concerning human rights; and
(d) the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities; and
(e) any other matters that the court thinks relevant.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (5), any law, or any act done under a valid law, which accords with traditional standards, values and practices shall not contravene subsection (1) above, unless the relevant traditional standard, value or practice would be regarded by a resolution of Parliament supported
by the votes of two-thirds of the total membership as one which should be eliminated. (Sec. 15)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall have the right to effective judicial protection of his rights and freedoms.
2. Everyone shall, for the protection of his rights and freedoms, and in conformity with the international treaties of the Republic of Armenia, have the right to apply to international bodies of protection of human rights and freedoms. (Art. 61) - Armenian1. Յուրաքանչյուր ոք ունի իր իրավունքների և ազատությունների արդյունավետ դատական պաշտպանության իրավունք:
2. Յուրաքանչյուր ոք, Հայաստանի Հանրապետության միջազգային պայմանագրերին համապատասխան, ունի իր իրավունքների և ազատությունների պաշտպանության խնդրով մարդու իրավունքների և ազատությունների պաշտպանության միջազգային մարմիններ դիմելու իրավունք: (Հոդված 61)
Judicial Protection
- English
The citizens of Mongolia are guaranteed to exercise the following rights and freedoms:
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14/ the right to appeal to the court to protect his/her rights if he/she considers that the rights or freedoms as stated by the Mongolian law or an international treaty have been violated;
… (Art. 16) - Mongolian
Монгол Улсын иргэн дараахь үндсэн эрх, эрх чөлөөг баталгаатай эдэлнэ:
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14) Монгол Улсын хууль, олон улсын гэрээнд заасан эрх, эрх чөлөө нь зөрчигдсөн гэж үзвэл уул эрхээ хамгаалуулахаар шүүхэд гомдол гаргах … эрхтэй.
… (Арван зургадугаар зүйл)
Judicial Protection
- English...
2. Constitutional and legal precepts relating to fundamental rights must be interpreted and incorporated in accordance with the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, the African Charter on the Rights of Man and Peoples and international treaties on the subject ratified by the Republic of Angola.
3. In any consideration by the Angolan courts of disputes concerning fundamental rights, the international instruments referred to in the previous point shall be applied, even if not invoked by the parties concerned. (Art. 26) - Portuguese...
2. Os preceitos constitucionais e legais relativos aos direitos fundamentais devem ser interpretados e integrados de harmonia com a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, a Carta Africana dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos e os tratados internacionais sobre a matéria, ratificados pela República de Angola.
3. Na apreciação de litígios pelos tribunais angolanos relativos à matéria sobre direitos fundamentais, aplicam-se os instrumentos internacionais referidos no número anterior, ainda que não sejam invocados pelas partes. (Art. 26)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Constitutional Court, at the demand of the President of the Republic or of any member of the National Assembly, decides on the constitutionality of the laws before their promulgation.
It decides[,] of office[,] on the constitutionality of the laws and any regulatory texts which would infringe the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms. It decides more generally on the violations of the rights of the human person and its decision must intervene within a time period of eight days. (Art. 121) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle, à la demande du président de la République ou de tout membre de l'Assemblée nationale, se prononce sur la constitutionnalité des lois avant leur promulgation.
Elle se prononce d'office sur la constitutionnalité des lois et de tout texte réglementaire censés porter atteinte aux droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et aux libertés publiques. Elle statue plus généralement sur les violations des droits de la personne humaine et sa décision doit intervenir dans un délai de huit jours. (Art. 121)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEveryone whose constitutional rights and freedoms have been violated has the right to request prompt access to the competent authorities.
The State is obliged to indicate in its proceedings, the legal remedies and authorities the persons concerned should apply and time limits of the applications.
Damages incurred to any person through unlawful treatment by public officials shall be compensated for by the State as per the law. The state reserves the right of recourse to the official responsible. (Art 40) - TurkishAnayasa ile tanınmış hak ve hürriyetleri ihlâl edilen herkes, yetkili makama geciktirilmeden başvurma imkânının sağlanmasını isteme hakkına sahiptir.
Devlet, işlemlerinde, ilgili kişilerin hangi kanun yolları ve mercilere başvuracağını ve sürelerini belirtmek zorundadır.
Kişinin, resmî görevliler tarafından vâki haksız işlemler sonucu uğradığı zarar da, kanuna göre, Devletçe tazmin edilir. Devletin sorumlu olan ilgili görevliye rücu hakkı saklıdır. (Madde 40)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe provisions of law which concern the fundamental rights recognized to any person by the Constitution, may be submitted to the Constitutional Council by way of pleadings if it involves an instance in course before a jurisdiction.
… (Art. 80) - Arabicيجوز تقديم أحكام القانون التي تتعلق بالحقوق الأساسية المعترف بها لأي شخص بموجب الدستور ، إلى المجلس الدستوري عن طريق المرافعات إذا كانت تنطوي على حالة بالطبع أمام ولاية قضائية
... (المادة 80) - FrenchLes dispositions de la loi qui concernent les droits fondamentaux reconnus à toute personne par la Constitution peuvent être soumises au Conseil constitutionnel par voie d'exception à l'occasion d'une instance en cours devant une juridiction.
… (Art. 80)