SEARCH DATABASE
The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishI. The Popular Action shall be filed during the period in which the violation or threat to the rights and collective interests continues. To file this action it is not necessary to exhaust the judicial or administrative processes that might exist.
II. Any person, in his or her individual name or on behalf of a collective, may file this action, and it shall be filed obligatorily by the Public Ministry and the Public Defender (Ministerio Público y el Defensor del Pueblo) when, in the exercise of their functions, they have knowledge of these acts. The procedure for the Action for Constitutional Protection shall be applied. (Art. 136) - SpanishI. La Acción Popular podrá interponerse durante el tiempo que subsista la vulneración o la amenaza a los derechos e intereses colectivos. Para interponer esta acción no será necesario agotar la vía judicial o administrativa que pueda existir.
II. Podrá interponer esta acción cualquier persona, a título individual o en representación de una colectividad y, con carácter obligatorio, el Ministerio Público y el Defensor del Pueblo, cuando por el ejercicio de sus funciones tengan conocimiento de estos actos. Se aplicará el procedimiento de la Acción de Amparo Constitucional. (Art. 136)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) This section applies if—
(a) a provision of legislation has been declared under section 4 to be incompatible with a Convention right and, if an appeal lies—
(i) all persons who may appeal have stated in writing that they do not intend to do so;
(ii) the time for bringing an appeal has expired and no appeal has been brought within that time; or
(iii) an appeal brought within that time has been determined or abandoned;
…
(2) If a Minister of the Crown considers that there are compelling reasons for proceeding under this section, he may by order make such amendments to the legislation as he considers necessary to remove the incompatibility.
(3) If, in the case of subordinate legislation, a Minister of the Crown considers—
(a) that it is necessary to amend the primary legislation under which the subordinate legislation in question was made, in order to enable the incompatibility to be removed, and
(b) that there are compelling reasons for proceeding under this section,
he may by order make such amendments to the primary legislation as he considers necessary.
… (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 10)
Judicial Protection
- English1. An appeal to the Court of appeal shall lie as of right from final decisions of the Supreme Court given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the Supreme Court by Article 28 of this Constitution (which relates to the enforcement of fundamental rights and freedoms).
2. An appeal shall lie as of right to the Judicial Committee of Her Majesty's Privy Council or to such other court as may be prescribed by Parliament under Article 105(3) of this Constitution form any decisions given by the Court of Appeal in any such case. (Art. 104)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAll persons have the right to an action of amparo in order to demand before the courts, for themselves or by those who act in their name, immediate protection of their fundamental rights, not protected by habeas corpus, when they are violated or threatened by the action or omission of any public authority or of individuals, in order put into effect the fulfillment of a law or administrative act and in order to guarantee collective and diffuse rights and interests. In accordance with the law, the proceeding is preferential, summary, oral, public, free, and not subject to formalities.
Paragraph
The acts adopted during the States of Exception that violate protected rights that unreasonably cause suspended rights are subject to actions of amparo. (Art. 72) - SpanishToda persona tiene derecho a una acción de amparo para reclamar ante los tribunales, por sí o por quien actúe en su nombre, la protección inmediata de sus derechos fundamentales, no protegidos por el hábeas corpus, cuando resulten vulnerados o amenazados por la acción o la omisión de toda autoridad pública o de particulares, para hacer efectivo el cumplimiento de una ley o acto administrativo, para garantizar los derechos e intereses colectivos y difusos. De conformidad con la ley, el procedimiento es preferente, sumario, oral, público, gratuito y no sujeto a formalidades.
Párrafo.- Los actos adoptados durante los Estados de Excepción que vulneren derechos protegidos que afecten irrazonablemente derechos suspendidos están sujetos a la acción de amparo. (Art. 72)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Except for judicial review matters arising from the proceedings in Part IX Land and Titles Courts, any person may apply to the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings to enforce the rights conferred under the provisions of this Part.
(2) The Supreme Court shall have power to make all such orders as may be necessary and appropriate to secure to the applicant the enjoyment of any of the rights conferred under the provisions of this Part. (Art. 4) - Samoan
(1) E mafai e se'i vagana ai mataupu o iloiloga faa-faamasinoga e faatulai mai o i taualumaga i totonu o le Vaega IXFaamasinoga o Fanua ma Suafa, so o se tagata ona talosaga i le Faamasinoga Sili i taualumaga tatau ina ia faamamaluina aia tatau e pei ona tuuina atu e tusa ma aiaiga o lenei Vaega.
(2) O le a i le Faamasinoga Sili le pule e faia ai poloaiga uma e pei ona o le a tusa ma tatau ai ina ia maua mo le tagata na talosaga mai le faafiafiaina i so o se tasi o aia tatau e pei ona tuuina atu e tusa ma aiaiga o lenei Vaega. (Mataupu 4)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe action to prosecute the violators of human rights is public and may be exercised through a simple denunciation, without any guarantee or formality whatsoever. … (Art. 45)
- SpanishLa acción para enjuiciar a los infractores de los derechos humanos es pública y puede ejercerse mediante simple denuncia, sin caución ni formalidad alguna. … (Art. 45)
Judicial Protection
- English
1. The Supreme Court shall be the highest judicial organ and shall exercise the following power:
…
3/ to examine and take decision on matters related to the protection of law and human rights and freedoms stated therein, as transferred to it by the Constitutional court (Tsets) and/or the Prosecutor General;
… (Art. 50) - Mongolian
1. Монгол Улсын дээд шүүх бол шүүхийн дээд байгууллага мөн бөгөөд дараахь бүрэн эрхийг хэрэгжүүлнэ:
...
3) хууль, түүнд заасан хүний эрх, эрх чөлөөг хамгаалах талаар Үндсэн хуулийн цэц, Улсын ерөнхий прокуророос шилжүүлсэн асуудлыг хянан шийдвэрлэх;
… (Тавьдугаар зүйл)
Judicial Protection
- English1. Everyone shall be ensured access to the law and the courts in order to defend their legally protected rights and interests, and justice shall not be denied to anyone due to a lack of financial means.
…
5. For the purpose of safeguarding personal rights, freedoms and guarantees, the law shall ensure citizens judicial proceedings that are characterised by swiftness and given priority, in order to secure effective and timely judicial protection against any threats or violations of these rights. (Art. 29) - Portuguese1. A todos é assegurado o acesso ao direito e aos tribunais para defesa dos seus direitos e interesses legalmente protegidos, não podendo a justiça ser denegada por insuficiência dos meios económicos.
...
5. Para defesa dos direitos, liberdades e garantias pessoais, a lei assegura aos cidadãos procedimentos judiciais caracterizados pela celeridade e prioridade, de modo a obter tutela efectiva e em tempo útil contra ameaças ou violações desses direitos. (Art. 29)
Judicial Protection
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.4 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe judicial system shall be independent and implement on behalf of the state and by the judges. The judicial system shall protect the rights and liberties of individual and citizen, the state's interests, organizations and establishments, legality and justice.
The judicial system shall be implemented by the Constitutional Court, ... (Art. 84) - RussianСудебная власть является независимой и осуществляется от имени государства судьями. Судебная власть защищает права и свободы человека и гражданина, интересы государства, организацией, учреждений, законность и справедливость.
Судебную власть осуществляет Конституционный суд, … (Статья 84) - TajikҲокимияти судӣ мустақил буда, аз номи давлат ва аз тарафи судяҳо амалӣ мегардад. Ҳокимияти судӣ ҳуқуқ озодии инсону шаҳрванд, манфиати давлат, ташкилоту муассисаҳо, қонунияту адолатро ҳифз менамояд.
Адолати судиро Суди конститутсионњ, … (Моддаи 84)