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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English1) A Constitutional Court shall be established by way of a specific law as a court of public law to protect the rights guaranteed by the Constitution, to decide in conflicts of jurisdiction between the Courts and the administrative authorities, and to act as a disciplinary court for the Ministers.
… (Art. 104) - German1) Im Wege eines besonderen Gesetzes ist ein Staatsgerichtshof als Gerichtshof des öffentlichen Rechtes zum Schutze der verfassungsmässig gewährleisteten Rechte, zur Entscheidung von Kompetenzkonflikten zwischen den Gerichten und den Verwaltungsbehörden und als Disziplinargerichtshof für die Mitglieder der Regierung zu errichten.
… (Art. 104)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAccess to justice is guaranteed to every person for the defense of their rights and of their interests protected by the law.
… (Art. 118) - Arabicحق التّقاضي مضمون لكل شخص للدفاع عن حقوقه وعن مصالحه التي يحميها القانون.
… (الفصل 118)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEvery person has [recourse to] the action of protection [acción de tutela] to claim before the judges, at any time or place, through a preferential and summary proceeding, for themselves or by whoever acts in their name, the immediate protection of their fundamental constitutional rights whenever these [are] consequently damaged or threatened by the action or omission of any public authority.
The protection [protección] will consist of an order so that [the party] from whom the protection [tutela] is solicited, acts or refrains from it. The decision, which must be of immediate compliance, may be challenged before the competent judge, and in any case, the latter may return it to the Constitutional Court for its subsequent [eventual] revision.
This action will proceed only when the affected [party] does not dispose of another means of judicial defense, except when the former is used as a transitory mechanism to avoid an irreversible harm.
In no case may more than ten days elapse between the request for protection [tutela] and its resolution.
The law will establish the cases in which the action of protection [tutela] proceeds against individuals entrusted with the provision of a public service or whose conduct affects seriously and directly the collective interest, or in respect of whom the applicant finds himself in a state of subordination or defenselessness. (Art. 86) - SpanishToda persona tendrá acción de tutela para reclamar ante los jueces, en todo momento y lugar, mediante un procedimiento preferente y sumario, por sí misma o por quien actúe a su nombre, la protección inmediata de sus derechos constitucionales fundamentales, cuando quiera que éstos resulten vulnerados o amenazados por la acción o la omisión de cualquier autoridad pública.
La protección consistirá en una orden para que aquel respecto de quien se solicita la tutela, actúe o se abstenga de hacerlo. El fallo, que será de inmediato cumplimiento, podrá impugnarse ante el juez competente y, en todo caso, éste lo remitirá a la Corte Constitucional para su eventual revisión.
Esta acción solo procederá cuando el afectado no disponga de otro medio de defensa judicial, salvo que aquella se utilice como mecanismo transitorio para evitar un perjuicio irremediable.
En ningún caso podrán transcurrir más de diez días entre la solicitud de tutela y su resolución.
La ley establecerá los casos en los que la acción de tutela procede contra particulares encargados de la prestación de un servicio público o cuya conducta afecte grave y directamente el interés colectivo, o respecto de quienes el solicitante se halle en estado de subordinación o indefensión. (Art. 86)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Constitutional Tribunal shall adjudicate regarding the following matters:
…
5) complaints concerning constitutional infringements, as specified in Article 79, para. 1. (Art. 188) - PolishTrybunał Konstytucyjny orzeka w sprawach:
…
5. skargi konstytucyjnej, o której mowa w art. 79 ust. 1. (Art. 188)
Judicial Protection
- English…
2. In the administration of justice, it shall be incumbent upon the courts to assure the defense of the legally protected rights and interests of citizens, to settle disputes of public and private interest and to curtail the violations of laws.
… (Art. 120) - Portuguese…
2. Na administração da justiça incumbe aos Tribunais assegurar a defesa dos direitos e interesses legalmente protegidos dos cidadãos, dirimir os conflitos de interesse públicos e privados e reprimir a violação das leis.
… (Art. 120)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe special proceedings for protection shall be admissible against those rulings or definitive judgments where there has been a violation, by deed or omission, of the rights enshrined in the Constitution, and they shall be filed with the Constitutional Court. This appeal shall be admissible when regular and special appeals have been exhausted within the legal framework, unless the failure to file these resources was not attributable to the negligence of the person bearing the constitutional right that was infringed. (Art. 94)
- SpanishLa acción extraordinaria de protección procederá contra sentencias o autos definitivos en los que se haya violado por acción u omisión derechos reconocidos en la Constitución, y se interpondrá ante la Corte Constitucional. El recurso procederá cuando se hayan agotado los recursos ordinarios y extraordinarios dentro del término legal, a menos que la falta de interposición de estos recursos no fuera atribuible a la negligencia de la persona titular del derecho constitucional vulnerado. (Art. 94)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) The rights and liberties recognized in Chapter 25 of the present Part are binding on all public authorities. Only by an act which in any case must respect their essential content, could the exercise of such rights and liberties be regulated, which shall be protected in accordance with the provisions of section 161.(1) a).
(2) Any citizen may assert a claim to protect the liberties and rights recognized in section 14 and in division 1 of Chapter 2, by means of a preferential and summary procedure before the ordinary courts and, when appropriate, by lodging an individual appeal for protection (recurso de amparo) to the Constitutional Court.
(3) Recognition, respect and protection of the principles recognized in Chapter 36 shall guide legislation, judicial practice and actions by the public authorities. They may only be invoked before the ordinary courts in accordance with the legal provisions implementing them. (Sec. 53) - Spanish
1. Los derechos y libertades reconocidos en el Capítulo segundo del presente Título vinculan a todos los poderes públicos. Sólo por ley, que en todo caso deberá respetar su contenido esencial, podrá regularse el ejercicio de tales derechos y libertades, que se tutelarán de acuerdo con lo previsto en el artículo 161.1 a).
2. Cualquier ciudadano podrá recabar la tutela de las libertades y derechos reconocidos en el artículo 14 y la Sección 1ª del Capítulo segundo ante los Tribunales ordinarios por un procedimiento basado en los principios de preferencia y sumariedad y, en su caso, a través del recurso de amparo ante el Tribunal Constitucional.
3. El reconocimiento, el respeto y la protección de los principios reconocidos en el Capítulo tercero, informará la legislación positiva, la práctica judicial y la actuación de los poderes públicos. Sólo podrán ser alegados ante la Jurisdicción ordinaria de acuerdo con lo que dispongan las leyes que los desarrollen. (Art. 53)
Judicial Protection
- English… The Judicial Power is the guarantor of the individual freedoms and of the fundamental rights of the citizens. (Art. 113)
- French... Le pouvoir judiciaire est garant des libertés individuelles et des droits fondamentaux des citoyens. (Art. 113)
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of this Chapter7 has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him, then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. Any person authorized by law, or, with the leave of the Court, a public or civic organization, may initiate an application to the Supreme Court on behalf of persons who are entitled to apply under subsection (1) for a declaration that any legislative or executive act contravenes the provisions of this Chapter.
3. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1) of this section and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing, or securing the enforcement of, any of the provisions of this Chapter to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled.
4. Where any application is made for redress under this Chapter, the-Supreme Court may decline to exercise its powers and may remit the matter to the appropriate court, tribunal or authority if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are available to the person concerned under any other law.
5. Any person aggrieved by any determination of the Supreme Court under this section may appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeal.
6. Parliament may make provision or authorize the making of provision with respect to the practice and procedure of any court for the purposes of this section and may confer upon that court such powers, or may authorize the conferment thereon of such powers, in addition to those conferred by this section, as may appear to be necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling that court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section. (Sec. 19)
Judicial Protection
- English…
(2) Any provision of the Bill of Rights may be invoked either as a defense to a civil or criminal proceeding or as a basis for legal or equitable relief against any actual or threatened violation. (Art. II, Sec. 18)