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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe state recognizes the guarantee of amparo.
Consequently, any aggrieved person, or any other in his name, has the right to interpose the recourse of amparo:
1) so that the enjoyment and benefit [goce y disfrute] of the rights and guarantees that the Constitution, the treaties, conventions and other international instruments establish[,] are maintained or restituted; and
2) so that in specific [concretos] cases that a regulation, act [hecho], act [acto] or resolution of authority is declared to not obligate the petitioner [recurrente] or is not applicable to contravene, diminish or distort any of the rights recognized by this Constitution.
When the action of amparo is interposed before a non-competent Jurisdictional Organ, the written original must be remitted to the competent Jurisdictional Organ.
The recourse of amparo must be interposed in conformity with the law. (Art. 183) - SpanishEl Estado reconoce la garantía de amparo.
En consecuencia toda persona agraviada o cualquiera en nombre de ésta, tiene derecho a interponer recurso de amparo:
1) Para que se le mantenga o restituya en el goce y disfrute de los derechos o garantías que la Constitución, los tratados, convenciones y otros instrumentos internacionales establecen; y,
2) Para que se declare en casos concretos que un reglamento, hecho, acto o resolución de autoridad, no obliga, al recurrente ni es aplicable por contravenir, disminuir o tergiversar cualesquiera de los derechos reconocidos por esta Constitución.
Cuando la acción de amparo se interrumpiese ante un órgano Jurisdiccional incompetente éste debe remitir el escrito original al órgano Jurisdiccional competente.
El recurso de Amparo se debe interponer de conformidad con la Ley. (Art. 183)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe judiciary is an independent power, the protector of individual and social rights, responsible for the implementation of justice, and entrusted with the following duties:
1. investigating and passing judgement on grievances, violations of rights, and complaints; the resolving of litigation; the settling of disputes; and the taking of all necessary decisions and measures in the part of Probate Matters determined by law;
2. restoring public rights and promoting justice and legitimate freedoms:
… (Art. 156) - Persianقوه قضائیه قوهای است مستقل که پشتیبان حقوق فردی و اجتماعی و مسئول تحقق بخشیدن به عدالت و عهدهدار وظایف زیر است:
1- رسیدگی و صدور حکم در مورد تظلمات، تعدیات، شکایات، حل و فصل دعاوی و رفع خصومات و اخذ تصمیم و اقدام لازم در آن قسمت از امور حسبیه، که قانون معین میکند.
2 - احیای حقوق عامه و گسترش عدل و آزادیهای مشروع.
… (اصل 156)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishIf in any proceedings in a subordinate court a question arises as to a contravention of any of the provisions of this Part6, the court may, and shall if a party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in the opinion of the court, the question raised is frivolous or vexatious. (Sec. 39)
Judicial Protection
- English
Constitutional guarantees are:
1. The Action of Habeas Corpus, which proceeds concerning an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary or person, which violates or threatens individual freedom or the related constitutional rights.
2. The Action of Amparo, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the other rights recognized by the Constitution, with the exception of those specified in the following paragraph.
It does not proceed against legal norms or or Judicial Resolutions emanating from [the] regular procedure.
3. The Action of Habeas Data, which proceeds against an act or omission, on the part of any authority, functionary, or person, which violates or threatens the rights to which Article 2, paragraphs 5 and 6 of this Constitution, refers.
4. The Action of Unconstitutionality, which proceeds against the norms that have status [rango] of law: laws, legislative decrees, decrees of urgency, treaties, regulations of the Congress, regional norms of general character and municipal ordinances that contravene the Constitution in form or in substance [fondo].
5. The Popular Action [Acción Popular], which proceeds for infraction of the Constitution and of the law, against the regulations, administrative norms and resolutions and decrees of general character, whatever the authority from which they emanate may be.
6. The Action of Cumplimiento [Fulfillment/Mandamus], which proceeds against any authority or functionary that refuses to comply with a legal norm, or an administrative act, without prejudice to the responsibilities of law.
An Organic Law regulates the exercise of these guarantees and the effects of the declaration of unconstitutionality or illegality of the norms.
The exercise of the actions of habeas corpus and of amparo is not suspended during the effectiveness [vigencia] of the regimes of exception to which Article 137 of the Constitution refers.
When actions of this nature are interposed in relation to restricted or suspended rights, the competent jurisdictional organ examines the reasonability and the proportionality of the restrictive act. It does not correspond to the judge to question the declaration of the state of emergency or of siege. (Art. 200) - Spanish
Son garantías constitucionales:
1. La Acción de Hábeas Corpus, que procede ante el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza la libertad individual o los derechos constitucionales conexos.
2. La Acción de Amparo, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los demás derechos reconocidos por la Constitución, con excepción de los señalados en el inciso siguiente.
No procede contra normas legales ni contra Resoluciones Judiciales emanadas de procedimiento regular.
3. La Acción de Hábeas Data, que procede contra el hecho u omisión, por parte de cualquier autoridad, funcionario o persona, que vulnera o amenaza los derechos a que se refiere el Artículo 2º, incisos 5 y 6 de la Constitución.
4. La Acción de Inconstitucionalidad, que procede contra las normas que tienen rango de ley: leyes, decretos legislativos, decretos de urgencia, tratados, reglamentos del Congreso, normas regionales de carácter general y ordenanzas municipales que contravengan la Constitución en la forma o en el fondo.
5. La Acción Popular, que procede, por infracción de la Constitución y de la ley, contra los reglamentos, normas administrativas y resoluciones y decretos de carácter general, cualquiera sea la autoridad de la que emanen.
6. La Acción de Cumplimiento, que procede contra cualquier autoridad o funcionario renuente a acatar una norma legal o un acto administrativo, sin perjuicio de las responsabilidades de ley.
Una ley orgánica regula el ejercicio de estas garantías y los efectos de la declaración de inconstitucionalidad o ilegalidad de las normas.
El ejercicio de las acciones de hábeas corpus y de amparo no se suspende durante la vigencia de los regímenes de excepción a que se refiere el artículo 137º de la Constitución.
Cuando se interponen acciones de esta naturaleza en relación con derechos restringidos o suspendidos, el órgano jurisdiccional competente examina la razonabilidad y la proporcionalidad del acto restrictivo. No corresponde al juez cuestionar la declaración del estado de emergencia ni de sitio. (Art. 200)
Judicial Protection
- English
In order to obtain a right given by this Chapter3, application shall be made in accord with the stipulations, to the Supreme Court of the Union. (Sec. 377)
- Burmese
ဤအခန်း၌ ပေးအပ်ထားသော အခွင့်အရေးတစ်ရပ်ရပ်ကို ရယူလိုပါလျှင် သတ်မှတ်ချက်များနှင့်အညီ ပြည်ထောင်စုတရားလွှတ်တော်ချုပ်သို့ လျှောက်ထားပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၇၇)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Constitutional Court is the highest jurisdiction of the State in constitutional matters. It is the judge of the constitutionality of the law and it guarantees the fundamental rights of the human person and the public freedoms. It is the regulatory organ of the functioning of the institutions and of the activity of the public powers. (Art. 114)
- French
La Cour constitutionnelle est la plus haute juridiction de l'Etat en matière constitutionnelle. Elle est juge de la constitutionnalité de la loi et elle garantit les droits fondamentaux de la personne humaine et les libertés publiques. Elle est l'organe régulateur du fonctionnement des institutions et de l'activité des pouvoirs publics. (Art. 114)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishEveryone has the right to access the organs comprising the justice system for the purpose of enforcing his or her rights and interests, including those of a collective or diffuse nature to the effective protection of the aforementioned and to obtain the corresponding prompt decision. … (Art. 26)
- SpanishToda persona tiene derecho de acceso a los órganos de administración de justicia para hacer valer sus derechos e intereses, incluso los colectivos o difusos, a la tutela efectiva de los mismos y a obtener con prontitud la decisión correspondiente. ... (Art. 26)
Judicial Protection
- English... Any person whose rights or liberties protected under the Constitution are violated, can invoke the provisions of the Constitution to exercise his or her right to bring a lawsuit or to defend himself or herself in the Court.
Any person injured from the violation of his or her rights or liberties or from the commission of a criminal offence by another person, shall have the right to remedy or assistance from the State, as prescribed by law. (Sec. 25) - Thai... บุคคลซึ่งถูกละเมิดสิทธิหรือเสรีภาพที่ได้รับความคุ้มครองตามรัฐธรรมนูญ สามารถยกบทบัญญัติแห่งรัฐธรรมนูญเพื่อใช้สิทธิทางศาลหรือยกขึ้นเป็นข้อต่อสู้คดีในศาลได้
บุคคลซึ่งได้รับความเสียหายจากการถูกละเมิดสิทธิหรือเสรีภาพหรือจากการกระทําความผิดอาญาของบุคคลอื่น ย่อมมีสิทธิที่จะได้รับการเยียวยาหรือช่วยเหลือจากรัฐตามที่กฎหมายบัญญัติ (มาตรา ๒๕)
Judicial Protection
- English
The judicial power sees to respect for the rights and freedoms defined by this Constitution.
… (Art. 72)4 - Arabic
تحرص السلطة القضائية على احترام الحقوق والحريات المعرّفة في هذا الدستور.
... (المادة 72) - French
… Le pouvoir judiciaire veille au respect des droits et libertés définis par la présente constitution.
... (Art. 71)
Judicial Protection
- English1. A law shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, provide for the establishment, jurisdiction and powers of courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction other than courts to be provided by a communal law under Article 160.
2. Any such law shall provide for the establishment of adequate courts in sufficient number for the proper and undelayed administration of justice and for securing within the limits of their respective competence the efficient application of the provisions of this Constitution guaranteeing the fundamental rights and liberties.
… (Art. 158) - Greek1. Tηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος, νόμος θέλει ορίσει περί της ιδρύσεως, της δικαιοδοσίας και των εξουσιών των πολιτικών και ποινικών δικαστηρίων, πλην των δικαστηρίων, περί ων θέλει ορίση κατά το άρθρον 160 κοινοτικός νόμος.
2. Πάς τοιούτος νόμος θέλει προβλέψει δια την ίδρυσιν αποχρώντων δικαστηρίων εις επαρκή αριθμόν δια την πρόσφορον και άνευ καθυστερήσεων απονομήν της δικαιοσύνης και δια την διασφάλισιν, εντός των ορίων της δικαιοδοσίας αυτών, της πιστής εφαρμογής των διασφαλιζουσών τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και ελευθερίας διατάξεων του Συντάγματος.
… (Αρθρον 158) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olmak şartıyla bir kanun, 160. Madde uyarınca bir cemaat hukuku ile kurulacak mahkemelerin dışında kalan, hukuki ve cezai yargı yetkisine sahip mahkemelerin kurulmasını, yetki ve vazifelerini gösterir.
2. Böyle bir kanun, adaletin gereği gibi ve gecikmeden sağlanması ve kendi yetkilerinin sınırları içinde bu Anayasanın ana hak ve hürriyetleri sağlayan hükümlerinin etkili uygulamasını temin etmeleri için yeter sayıda ve yeterlikte mahkemelerin kurulması için hükümler koyar.
... (Madde 158)