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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English…
(4) This Constitution shall be enforced through the courts, to ensure that––
…
(b) rights and freedoms are protected;
… (Sec. 2) - iTaukei…
(4) Na Yavunivakavulewa qo e dodonu me vaqaqacotaka na mataveilewai me vakadeitaka na—
…
(b) maroroi na dodonu kei na galala;
… (Sec. 2)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (6), if any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 12 to 233 has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction–
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3),
and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 12 to 23: Provided that the High Court shall not exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court subordinate to the High Court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 12 to 23, the person presiding in that court shall refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3), the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal under this Constitution to the Court of Appeal or to the Caribbean Court of Justice, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of the Caribbean Court of Justice.
(5) Parliament may confer upon the High Court such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may appear to Parliament to be necessary or desirable for the purpose of enabling the High Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) Parliament may make provision with respect to the practice and procedure–
(a) of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred upon it by or under this section;
(b) of the High Court and the Court of Appeal in relation to appeals to the Court of Appeal from decisions of the High Court in the exercise of such jurisdiction;
(c) of the Court of Appeal and the Caribbean Court of Justice in relation to appeals to the Caribbean Court of Justice from decisions of the Court of Appeal in the exercise of such jurisdiction; and
(d) of subordinate courts in relation to references to the High Court under subsection (3);
including provision with respect to the time within which any application, reference or appeal shall or may be made or brought; and, subject to any provision so made, provision may be made with respect to the matters aforesaid by rules of court.
… (Sec. 24)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) An appeal to the Court of Appeal shall lie as of right from decisions of the High Court in the following cases, that is to say -
…
(b) final decisions given in exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on the High Court by article 153 (which relates to the enforcement of fundamental rights and freedoms).
… (Art. 133)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Subject to the provisions of subsection (6) of this section, if any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 3 to 164 (inclusive) of this Constitution has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person) then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction-
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of the preceding subsection;
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person which is referred to it in pursuance of the next following subsection, and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions, including the payment of compensation, as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 16 (inclusive) of this Constitution:
Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any subordinate court any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 16 (inclusive) of this Constitution, the person presiding in that court may, and shall if any party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in his opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Any person aggrieved by any determination of the High Court under this section may appeal therefrom to the Court of Appeal:
Provided that no appeal shall lie from a determination of the High Court under this section dismissing an application on the ground that it is frivolous or vexatious.
(5) Parliament may confer upon the High Court powers additional to those conferred by this section for the purpose of enabling that court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) Rules of court making provision with respect to the practise and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which any application or reference shall or may be made or brought) may be made by the person or authority for the time being having power to make rules of court with respect to the practice and procedure of that court generally. (Sec. 18)
Judicial Protection
- English
The following recourses and mechanisms of constitutional control are also established:
1) The Recourse of Habeas Data as guarantee of protection [tutela] of personal data established [asentados] in archives, registers, databases or other technical means, of public or private nature, whose publicity constitutes [an] invasion of personal privacy and has relevance to the treatment of sensitive data of the persons in their intimate and familiar domain [ámbito]. The Recourse of Habeas Data proceeds in favor of any person to know in what circumstances, to what ends, when, and who makes contact with their personal data and its improper [indebida] publicity.
2) The conflict of competence and constitutionality between the Powers of the State. The representatives of the Powers of the State will promote the conflict of competence and constitutionality when they consider that a law, decree or regulation, act, resolution or provision of another organ [órgano], invades the domain of their privative constitutional competences.
3) The control of constitutionality in [a] concrete case as incidental mechanism of control. When in a case submitted to the cognizance of [a] judicial authority, it considers that a norm on whose validity the decision [fallo] depends is contrary to the Constitution, it must proceed to declare its unconstitutionality for that specific [en concreto] case. The parties in the process may solicit the unconstitutionality of a norm that is being applied to the case. The judicial authority must pronounce itself on the point, accepting [acogiendo] or rejecting the claim [pretensión].
4) The conflicts of constitutionality between the Central Government and the Municipal Governments and [Governments] of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast.
The Law of Constitutional Justice will regulate the recourses and mechanism established in this chapter.4 (Art. 190) - Spanish
Se establecen también los siguientes recursos y mecanismos de control constitucional:
1) El Recurso de Habeas Data como garantía de tutela de datos personales asentados en archivos, registros, bancos de datos u otros medios técnicos, de naturaleza pública o privada, cuya publicidad constituya invasión a la privacidad personal y tenga relevancia con el tratamiento de datos sensibles de las personas en su ámbito íntimo y familiar. El Recurso de Habeas Data procede a favor de toda persona para saber quién, cuándo, con qué fines y en qué circunstancias toma contacto con sus datos personales y su publicidad indebida.
2) El conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad entre los Poderes del Estado. Los representantes de los Poderes del Estado promoverán el conflicto de competencia y constitucionalidad cuando consideren que una ley, decreto o reglamento, acto, resolución o disposición de otro órgano, invade el ámbito de sus competencias privativas constitucionales.
3) El control de constitucionalidad en caso concreto como un mecanismo incidental de control. Cuando en un caso sometido al conocimiento de autoridad judicial, ésta considere que una norma de cuya validez depende el fallo es contraria a la Constitución, deberá proceder a declarar su inconstitucionalidad para el caso en concreto. Las partes en el proceso pueden solicitar la inconstitucionalidad de una norma que se esté aplicando al caso. La autoridad judicial deberá pronunciarse sobre el punto, acogiendo o rechazando la pretensión.
4) Los conflictos de constitucionalidad entre el Gobierno Central y los Gobiernos Municipales y de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe.
La Ley de Justicia Constitucional regulará los recursos y mecanismos establecidos en este capítulo. (Art. 190)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAnyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Chapter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court to obtain a just remedy. (Art. 65)
- Dhivehiމި ބާބުގައި ބަޔާންކޮށްފައިވާ އެއްވެސް ޙައްޤެއް ނުވަތަ މިނިވަންކަމެއް އެއްވެސް މީހެއްގެ ކިބައިން ނިގުޅައިގެންފިނަމަ، ނުވަތަ ހިފަހައްޓައިފިނަމަ، އިންސާފްވެރި ޙައްލެއް ހޯދުމަށްޓަކައި އެ މައްސަލަ ކޯޓަށް ހުށަހެޅުމުގެ ޙައްޤު އެ މީހަކަށް ލިބިގެވެއެވެ. (ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 65 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Judicial Protection
- English
The Constitutional Court may be referred to [a matter] of a pleading of unconstitutionality on remand of the Supreme Court or of the Council of State, when one of the parties in the process sustains before a jurisdiction that the legislative or regulatory provision on which the outcome of the litigation depends infringes the rights and the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution.
... (Art. 195) - Arabic
يمكن إخطار المحكمة الدستورية بالدفع بعدم الدستورية بناء على إحالة من المحكمة العليا أو مجلس الدولة، عندما يدعي أحد األطراف في المحاكمة أمام جهة قضائية أن الحكم التشريعي أو التنظيمي الذي يتوقف عليه مآل النزاع ينتهك حقوقه وحرياته التي يضمنها الدستور.
... (المــادة 195) - French
La Cour constitutionnelle peut être saisie d’une exception d’inconstitutionnalité sur renvoi de la Cour suprême ou du Conseil d’Etat, lorsque l’une des parties au procès soutient devant une juridiction que la disposition législative ou réglementaire dont dépend l’issue du litige porte atteinte à ses droits et libertés tels que garantis par la Constitution.
... (Art. 195)
Judicial Protection
- English…
2. The tasks of the Constitutional Court shall be:
…
b. to assess the consistency of decisions of government institutions with one or more of the constitutional rights mentioned in Chapter V.
… (Art. 144) - Dutch…
2. Het Constitutioneel Hof heeft tot taak:
...
b. Het beoordelen van de verenigbaarheid van besluiten van overheidsorganen met één of meer der in Hoofdstuk V genoemde grondrechten.
... (Art. 144)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe rights and liberties of individual and citizen shall be protected by the Constitution, the laws of the republic, and international legal documents recognized by Tajikistan.
The rights and freedoms of individual and citizen are exercised directly. They determine the goals, content and application of laws, the activities of the legislative, executive and local bodies of state power and self-government and are ensured by the judiciary. … (Art. 14) - RussianПрава и свободы человека и гражданина регулируется и охраняются Конституцией, законами республики, признанными Таджикистаном международно ‐ правовыми актами.
Права и свободы человека и гражданина осуществляются непосредственно. Они определяют цели, содержание и применение законов,деятельность законодательной, исполнительной и местных органов государственной власти и самоуправления и обеспечиваются судебной властью. … (Статья 14) - TajikҲуқуқу озодиҳои инсон ва шаҳрванд ба воситаи Конститутсия, қонунҳои ҷумҳурӣ ва санадҳои ҳуқуқии байналмилалие, ки аз тарафи Тоҷикистон эътироф шудаанд, ҳифз мегарданд.
Іуѕуѕ ва озодиіои инсон ва шаірванд бевосита амалњ мешаванд. Оніо маѕсад, мазмун ва татбиѕи ѕонуніо, фаъолияти іокимияти ѕонунгузор, иїроия, маѕомоти маіаллии іокимияти давлатњ ва худидоракуниро муайян мекунанд ва ба воситаи іокимияти судњ таъмин мегарданд. … (Моддаи 14)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishAn individual [who is a] victim of violation of the provisions of Articles 1 to 20 of this Title3 has the right to reparation. (Art. 21)
- FrenchTout individu victime de violation des dispositions des articles. 1er à 20 du présent Titre a droit à réparation. (Art. 21)