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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe judiciary is an independent power, the protector of individual and social rights, responsible for the implementation of justice, and entrusted with the following duties:
1. investigating and passing judgement on grievances, violations of rights, and complaints; the resolving of litigation; the settling of disputes; and the taking of all necessary decisions and measures in the part of Probate Matters determined by law;
2. restoring public rights and promoting justice and legitimate freedoms:
… (Art. 156) - Persianقوه قضائیه قوهای است مستقل که پشتیبان حقوق فردی و اجتماعی و مسئول تحقق بخشیدن به عدالت و عهدهدار وظایف زیر است:
1- رسیدگی و صدور حکم در مورد تظلمات، تعدیات، شکایات، حل و فصل دعاوی و رفع خصومات و اخذ تصمیم و اقدام لازم در آن قسمت از امور حسبیه، که قانون معین میکند.
2 - احیای حقوق عامه و گسترش عدل و آزادیهای مشروع.
… (اصل 156)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishIf in any proceedings in a subordinate court a question arises as to a contravention of any of the provisions of this Part6, the court may, and shall if a party to the proceedings so requests, refer the question to the High Court unless, in the opinion of the court, the question raised is frivolous or vexatious. (Sec. 39)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) If any person alleges that any of the provisions of sections 3 to 17 (inclusive) has been, is being or is likely to be contravened in relation to him or her (or, in the case of a person who is detained, if any other person alleges such a contravention in relation to the detained person), then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter that is lawfully available, that person (or that other person) may apply to the High Court for redress.
(2) The High Court shall have original jurisdiction
(a) to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of subsection (1); and
(b) to determine any question arising in the case of any person that is referred to it in pursuance of subsection (3) and may make such declarations and orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 17 (inclusive): Provided that the High Court may decline to exercise its powers under this subsection if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress for the contravention alleged are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
(3) If in any proceedings in any court (other than the Court of Appeal or the High Court or a court martial) any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of sections 3 to 17 (inclusive); the person presiding in that court may and, if any party to the proceedings so requests, shall refer the question to the High Court unless, in his or her opinion, the raising of the question is merely frivolous or vexatious.
(4) Where any question is referred to the High Court in pursuance of subsection (3), the High Court shall give its decision upon the question and the court in which the question arose shall dispose of the case in accordance with that decision or, if that decision is the subject of an appeal to the Court of Appeal or to Her Majesty in Council, in accordance with the decision of the Court of Appeal or, as the case may be, of Her Majesty in Council.
(5) The High Court shall have such powers in addition to those conferred by this section as may be conferred upon it by the legislature for the purpose of enabling it more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by this section.
(6) The Chief Justice may make rules with respect to the practice and procedure of the High Court in relation to the jurisdiction and powers conferred on it by or under this section (including rules with respect to the time within which applications may be brought and references shall be made to the High Court). (Sec. 18)
Judicial Protection
- English
In order to obtain a right given by this Chapter3, application shall be made in accord with the stipulations, to the Supreme Court of the Union. (Sec. 377)
- Burmese
ဤအခန်း၌ ပေးအပ်ထားသော အခွင့်အရေးတစ်ရပ်ရပ်ကို ရယူလိုပါလျှင် သတ်မှတ်ချက်များနှင့်အညီ ပြည်ထောင်စုတရားလွှတ်တော်ချုပ်သို့ လျှောက်ထားပိုင်ခွင့်ရှိရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၃၇၇)
Judicial Protection
- English1. The courts shall guarantee and ensure observance of the Constitution, the laws and any other legislative provisions in force, protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and institutions and shall decide on the legality of administrative acts.
… (Art. 177) - Portuguese1. Os tribunais garantem e asseguram a observância da Constituição, das leis e demais disposições normativas vigentes, a protecção dos direitos e interesses legítimos dos cidadãos e das instituições e decidem sobre a legalidade dos actos administrativos.
… (Art. 177)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe State has the obligation to make full reparations to the victims of human rights violations for which it may be held responsible, and to the legal successors to such victims, including payment of damages.
The State shall adopt the necessary legislative measures and measures of other nature to implement the reparations and damage compensation provided for under this article.
The State shall protect the victims of ordinary crimes and endeavor to make the guilty parties provide reparations for the inflicted damages. (Art. 30) - SpanishEl Estado tendrá la obligación de indemnizar integralmente a las víctimas de violaciones a los derechos humanos que le sean imputables, y a sus derechohabientes, incluido el pago de daños y perjuicios.
El Estado adoptará las medidas legislativas y de otra naturaleza, para hacer efectivas las indemnizaciones establecidas en este artículo.
El Estado protegerá a las víctimas de delitos comunes y procurará que los culpables reparen los daños causados. (Art. 30)
Judicial Protection
- English... Any person whose rights or liberties protected under the Constitution are violated, can invoke the provisions of the Constitution to exercise his or her right to bring a lawsuit or to defend himself or herself in the Court.
Any person injured from the violation of his or her rights or liberties or from the commission of a criminal offence by another person, shall have the right to remedy or assistance from the State, as prescribed by law. (Sec. 25) - Thai... บุคคลซึ่งถูกละเมิดสิทธิหรือเสรีภาพที่ได้รับความคุ้มครองตามรัฐธรรมนูญ สามารถยกบทบัญญัติแห่งรัฐธรรมนูญเพื่อใช้สิทธิทางศาลหรือยกขึ้นเป็นข้อต่อสู้คดีในศาลได้
บุคคลซึ่งได้รับความเสียหายจากการถูกละเมิดสิทธิหรือเสรีภาพหรือจากการกระทําความผิดอาญาของบุคคลอื่น ย่อมมีสิทธิที่จะได้รับการเยียวยาหรือช่วยเหลือจากรัฐตามที่กฎหมายบัญญัติ (มาตรา ๒๕)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe judicial power is the guarantor of the individual freedoms and of the fundamental rights of the citizens.
… (Art. 150) - FrenchLe pouvoir judiciaire est le garant des libertés individuelles et des droits fondamentaux des citoyens.
… (Art. 150)
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) The Constitutional Court pronounces judgement on the unconstitutionality
1. of laws
…
c) on application by a person who alleges to have infringement of his rights directly by unconstitutionality, if the ordinance has become effective without a judicial decision having been rendered or a ruling having been rendered has become effective for this person;
d) on application by a person who, as a party in a legal matter that has been decided by a court of justice of first instance, alleges infringement of his rights because of the application of an unconstitutional law, on the occasion of an appeal filed against that decision;
… (Art. 140) - German
(1) Der Verfassungsgerichtshof erkennt über Verfassungswidrigkeit
1. von Gesetzen
…
c) auf Antrag einer Person, die unmittelbar durch diese Verfassungswidrigkeit in ihren Rechten verletzt zu sein behauptet, wenn das Gesetz ohne Fällung einer gerichtlichen Entscheidung oder ohne Erlassung eines Bescheides für diese Person wirksam geworden ist;
d) auf Antrag einer Person, die als Partei einer von einem ordentlichen Gericht in erster Instanz entschiedenen Rechtssache wegen Anwendung eines verfassungswidrigen Gesetzes in ihren Rechten verletzt zu sein behauptet, aus Anlass eines gegen diese Entscheidung erhobenen Rechtsmittels;
… (Art. 140)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Every person shall have the right to—
…
(f) freedom to petition the Executive for redress of grievances and to resort to the Courts for the protection of his or her rights.
… (Sec. 25)