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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Judicial Protection
- English
(1) Every person may claim his or her right by procedures established by law at an independent and impartial court of law or other public authority of the Slovak Republic in cases specified by law.
(2) Any person who claims to have been denied his or her rights through a decision made by a public authority may turn to a court of law to have the legality of the decision reviewed, unless otherwise provided by law. The review of decisions in matters of fundamental rights and freedoms shall not be excluded from the jurisdiction of courts of law.
(3) Every person shall have the right to recover damages for a loss caused by an unlawful decision of the court, a governmental or public authority or by improper official procedure.
(4) Details and terms of the judicial and other legal protection shall be regulated by law. (Art. 46) - Slovak
(1) Kaţdý sa môţe domáhať zákonom ustanoveným postupom svojho práva na nezávislom a nestrannom súde a v prípadoch ustanovených zákonom na inom orgáne Slovenskej republiky.
(2) Kto tvrdí, ţe bol na svojich právach ukrátený rozhodnutím orgánu verejnej správy, môţe sa obrátiť na súd, aby preskúmal zákonnosť takéhoto rozhodnutia, ak zákon neustanoví inak. Z právomoci súdu však nesmie byť vylúčené preskúmanie rozhodnutí týkajúcich sa základných práv a slobôd.
(3) Kaţdý má právo na náhradu škody spôsobenej nezákonným rozhodnutím súdu, iného štátneho orgánu či orgánu verejnej správy alebo nesprávnym úradným postupom.
(4) Podmienky a podrobnosti o súdnej a inej právnej ochrane ustanoví zákon. (Čl. 46)
Judicial Protection
- English…
4. This Bill of Rights shall be upheld by the Supreme Court and other competent courts and monitored by the Human Rights Commission. (Art. 9)
Judicial Protection
- English1. A law shall, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, provide for the establishment, jurisdiction and powers of courts of civil and criminal jurisdiction other than courts to be provided by a communal law under Article 160.
2. Any such law shall provide for the establishment of adequate courts in sufficient number for the proper and undelayed administration of justice and for securing within the limits of their respective competence the efficient application of the provisions of this Constitution guaranteeing the fundamental rights and liberties.
… (Art. 158) - Greek1. Tηρουμένων των διατάξεων του Συντάγματος, νόμος θέλει ορίσει περί της ιδρύσεως, της δικαιοδοσίας και των εξουσιών των πολιτικών και ποινικών δικαστηρίων, πλην των δικαστηρίων, περί ων θέλει ορίση κατά το άρθρον 160 κοινοτικός νόμος.
2. Πάς τοιούτος νόμος θέλει προβλέψει δια την ίδρυσιν αποχρώντων δικαστηρίων εις επαρκή αριθμόν δια την πρόσφορον και άνευ καθυστερήσεων απονομήν της δικαιοσύνης και δια την διασφάλισιν, εντός των ορίων της δικαιοδοσίας αυτών, της πιστής εφαρμογής των διασφαλιζουσών τα θεμελιώδη δικαιώματα και ελευθερίας διατάξεων του Συντάγματος.
… (Αρθρον 158) - Turkish1. Bu Anayasanın hükümlerine tabi olmak şartıyla bir kanun, 160. Madde uyarınca bir cemaat hukuku ile kurulacak mahkemelerin dışında kalan, hukuki ve cezai yargı yetkisine sahip mahkemelerin kurulmasını, yetki ve vazifelerini gösterir.
2. Böyle bir kanun, adaletin gereği gibi ve gecikmeden sağlanması ve kendi yetkilerinin sınırları içinde bu Anayasanın ana hak ve hürriyetleri sağlayan hükümlerinin etkili uygulamasını temin etmeleri için yeter sayıda ve yeterlikte mahkemelerin kurulması için hükümler koyar.
... (Madde 158)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) Proceedings under section 7(1)(a) in respect of a judicial act may be brought only—
(a) by exercising a right of appeal;
(b) on an application (in Scotland a petition) for judicial review; or
(c) in such other forum as may be prescribed by rules.
(2) That does not affect any rule of law which prevents a court from being the subject of judicial review.
(3) In proceedings under this Act in respect of a judicial act done in good faith, damages may not be awarded otherwise than to compensate a person to the extent required by Article 5(5) of the Convention.
(4) An award of damages permitted by subsection (3) is to be made against the Crown; but no award may be made unless the appropriate person, if not a party to the proceedings, is joined.
(5) In this section—
“appropriate person” means the Minister responsible for the court concerned, or a person or government department nominated by him;
“court” includes a tribunal;
“judge” includes a member of a tribunal, a justice of the peace (or, in Northern Ireland, a lay magistrate) and a clerk or other officer entitled to exercise the jurisdiction of a court;
“judicial act” means a judicial act of a court and includes an act done on the instructions, or on behalf, of a judge; and
“rules” has the same meaning as in section 7(9). (Human Rights Act 1998, Sec. 9)
Judicial Protection
- English1. If any person alleges that any of the provisions of Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive)4 of this Constitution has been, is being of is likely to be contravened in relation to him then, without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available, that person may apply to the Supreme Court for redress.
2. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction-
a. to hear and determine any application made by any person in pursuance of paragraph (1) of this Article; and
b. to determine any question arising in the case of any parson which is referred to it in pursuance of paragraph (3) of this Article,
and may make such orders, issue such writs and give such directions as it may consider appropriate for the purpose of enforcing or securing the enforcement of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive) to the protection of which the person concerned is entitled:
Provided that the Supreme Court shall not exercise its power under this paragraph if it is satisfied that adequate means of redress are or have been available to the person concerned under any other law.
3. If, in any proceedings in any court established for The Bahamas other than the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal, any question arises as to the contravention of any of the provisions of the said Articles 16 to 27 (inclusive), the court in which the question has arisen shall refer the question to the Supreme Court.
4. No law shall make provision with respect to rights of appeal from any determination of the Supreme Court in pursuance of this Article that is less favorable to any party thereto than the rights of appeal from determinations of the Supreme Court that are accorded generally to parties to civil proceedings in that Court sitting as a court or original jurisdiction.
5. Parliament may make laws to confer upon the Supreme Court such additional or supplementary powers as may appear to be necessary or desirable for enabling the Court more effectively to exercise the jurisdiction conferred upon it by paragraph (2) of this Article and may make provision with respect to the practice and procedure of the Court while exercising that jurisdiction. (Art. 28)
Judicial Protection
- English(1) This section is in addition to, and not in derogation of, Section 57 (enforcement of guaranteed rights and freedoms).
(2) A person whose rights or freedoms declared or protected by this Division are infringed (including any infringement caused by a derogation of the restrictions specified in Part X.5 (internment)) on the use of emergency powers in relation to internment is entitled to reasonable damages and, if the court thinks it proper, exemplary damages in respect of the infringement.
(3) Subject to Subsections (4) and (5), damages may be a awarded against any person who committed, or was responsible for, the infringement.
… (Sec. 58)
Judicial Protection
- English
1. The Constitutional Court is the highest judicial authority exercising constitutional review through constitutional litigation in order to protect the foundations of the constitutional order, fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms, and to ensure the supremacy and direct operation of the Constitution.
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3. Everyone has the right to challenge the constitutionality of a law and other normative legal acts if he considers that they violate the rights and freedoms recognised by the Constitution.
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6. Judicial decisions based on provisions of laws found to be unconstitutional shall be reviewed by the court on a case-by-case basis following complaints by citizens whose rights and freedoms have been affected.
... (Art. 97) - Russian
1. Конституционный суд является высшим органом судебной власти, осуществляющим конституционный контроль посредством конституционного судопроизводства в целях защиты основ конституционного строя, основных прав и свобод человека и гражданина, обеспечения верховенства и прямого действия Конституции.
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3. Каждый вправе оспорить конституционность закона и иных нормативных правовых актов, если считает, что ими нарушаются права и свободы, признаваемые Конституцией.
...
6. Судебные решения, основанные на нормах законов, признанных неконституционными, пересматриваются судом в каждом конкретном случае по жалобам граждан, чьи права и свободы были затронуты.
… (Статья 97) - Kyrgyz
1. Конституциялык сот конституциялык сот өндүрүшү аркылуу конституциялык түзүлүштүн негиздерин, адамдын жана жарандын негизги укуктарын жана эркиндиктерин коргоо, Конституциянын үстөмдүгүн жана түздөн-түз колдонулушун камсыз кылуу максатында конституциялык контролду жүзөгө ашыруучу сот бийлигинин жогорку органы болуп саналат.
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3. Ар бир адам Конституцияда таанылган укуктары жана эркиндиктери мыйзамдарда жана башка ченемдик актыларда бузулду деп эсептесе, алардын конституциялуулугун талашууга укуктуу.
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6. Конституциялык эмес деп таанылган мыйзамдардын ченемдерине негизделген сот чечимдери ар бир конкреттүү учурда укуктарына жана эркиндиктерине шек келтирилген жарандардын даттануулары боюнча сот тарабынан кайра каралат.
… (97-берене)
Judicial Protection
- English
…
(3) All Courts in Tuvalu shall consider the Charter of Duties and Responsibilities when dealing with any issues arising from the application of the rights and freedoms enshrined in this Constitution.
… (Sec. 43)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Popular Action (la Accion Popular) shall proceed against any act or omission by the authorities or individuals or collectives that violates or threatens to violate rights and collective interests related to public patrimony, space, security and health, the environment and other rights of a similar nature that are recognized by this Constitution. (Art. 135)
- SpanishLa Acción Popular procederá contra todo acto u omisión de las autoridades o de personas individuales o colectivas que violen o amenacen con violar derechos e intereses colectivos, relacionados con el patrimonio, el espacio, la seguridad y salubridad pública, el medio ambiente y otros de similar naturaleza reconocidos por esta Constitución. (Art. 135)
Judicial Protection
- EnglishThe Supreme Court of the Republic of Sri Lanka shall be the highest and final superior Court of record in the Republic and shall subject to the provisions of the Constitution exercise –
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(b) jurisdiction for the protection of fundamental rights;
… (Art. 118) - Sinhalaශ්රී ලංකා ජනරජයේ ශ්රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය ජනරජයේ උත්තරීතම සහ අවසානාත්මක ලේඛනෝපගත කිරීමේ ජ්යෙෂ්ඨ අධිකරණය වන අතර ආණ්ඩුක්රම ව්යවස්ථාවේ විධිවිධානවලට යටත්ව, මෙහි පහත දැක්වෙන ආකාරයේ වූ අධිකරණ බලය ක්රියාත්මක කරන්නේ ය. එනම්:–
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(ආ) මූලික අයිතිවාසිකම් ආරක්ෂා කිරීම සඳහා වූ අධිකරණ බලය;
… (118 වැනි වගන්තිය)