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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Political Parties
- EnglishCitizens have the right to form political parties and duly join and withdraw from them. One must be over eighteen years of age to become a member of a party.
Political parties are indispensable elements of democratic political life.
Political parties shall be formed without prior permission, and shall pursue their activities in accordance with the provisions set forth in the Constitution and laws.
The statutes and programs, as well as the activities of political parties shall not be contrary to the independence of the State, its indivisible integrity with its territory and nation, human rights, the principles of equality and rule of law, sovereignty of the nation, the principles of the democratic and secular republic; they shall not aim to promote or establish class or group dictatorship or dictatorship of any kind, nor shall they incite citizens to crime. …
The State shall provide the political parties with adequate financial means in an equitable manner. The principles regarding aid to political parties, as well as collection of dues and donations are regulated by law. (Art. 68) - TurkishVatandaşlar, siyasî parti kurma ve usulüne göre partilere girme ve partilerden ayrılma hakkına sahiptir. Parti üyesi olabilmek için onsekiz yaşını doldurmuş olmak gerekir.
Siyasî partiler, demokratik siyasî hayatın vazgeçilmez unsurlarıdır.
Siyasî partiler önceden izin almadan kurulurlar ve Anayasa ve kanun hükümleri içerisinde faaliyetlerini sürdürürler.
Siyasî partilerin tüzük ve programları ile eylemleri, Devletin bağımsızlığına, ülkesi ve milletiyle bölünmez bütünlüğüne, insan haklarına, eşitlik ve hukuk devleti ilkelerine, millet egemenliğine, demokratik ve lâik Cumhuriyet ilkelerine aykırı olamaz; sınıf veya zümre diktatörlüğünü veya herhangi bir tür diktatörlüğü savunmayı ve yerleştirmeyi amaçlayamaz; suç işlenmesini teşvik edemez. …
Siyasî partilere, Devlet, yeterli düzeyde ve hakça malî yardım yapar. Partilere yapılacak yardımın, alacakları üye aidatının ve bağışların tabi olduğu esaslar kanunla düzenlenir. (Madde 68)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe State guarantees the free formation and functioning of the political organizations and they shall only have the limitations determined by this Constitution and the law.
Everything that is related to the exercise of suffrage, the political rights, [the] political organizations, [the] electoral authorities and organs and the electoral process, will be regulated by the constitutional law of the matter.
… (Art. 223) - SpanishEl Estado garantiza la libre formación y funcionamiento de las organizaciones políticas y sólo tendrán las limitaciones que esta Constitución y la ley determinen.
Todo lo relativo al ejercicio del sufragio, los derechos políticos, organizaciones políticas, autoridades y órganos electorales y proceso electoral, será regulado por la ley constitucional de la materia.
… (Art. 223)
Political Parties
- EnglishEveryone has the right to form non-profit associations and federations. Only citizens of Estonia may belong to political parties.
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Associations, federations and political parties whose aims or activities are directed at changing the constitutional order of Estonia by force or are otherwise in conflict with a law providing criminal liability, are prohibited.
Only a court may terminate or suspend the activities of an association, federation or political party for a violation of the law, or order the association, federation or political party to pay a fine. (Sec. 48) - EstonianIgaühel on õigus koonduda mittetulundusühingutesse ja -liitudesse. Erakondadesse võivad kuuluda ainult Eesti kodanikud.
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Keelatud on ühingud, liidud ja erakonnad, kelle eesmärgid või tegevus on suunatud Eesti põhiseadusliku korra vägivaldsele muutmisele või on muul viisil vastuolus kriminaalvastutust sätestava seadusega.
Ainult kohus võib õiguserikkumise eest ühingu, liidu või erakonna tegevuse lõpetada või peatada, samuti teda trahvida. (§ 48)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe State may supervise and contribute to the payment of expenses incurred by natural persons and political parties in the electoral process. Such supervision and payment shall be determined and regulated by law, ensuring equality of expenditures to all parties and candidates. (Art. 141)
- SpanishEl Estado podrá fiscalizar y contribuir a los gastos en que incurran las personas naturales y los partidos políticos en los procesos electorales. La Ley determinará y reglamentará dichas fiscalizaciones y contribuciones, asegurando la igualdad de erogaciones de todo partido o candidato. (Art. 141)
Political Parties
- English…
(2) Political parties shall be constituted and shall pursue their activities in accordance with the law. They contribute to the definition and expression of the political will of the citizens, while observing national sovereignty, territorial integrity, the legal order and the principles of democracy. (Art. 8) - Romanian…
(2) Partidele politice se constituie şi îşi desfăşoară activitatea în condiţiile legii. Ele contribuie la definirea şi la exprimarea voinţei politice a cetăţenilor, respectând suveranitatea naţională, integritatea teritorială, ordinea de drept şi principiile democraţiei. (Art. 8)
Political Parties
- English1. All citizens shall have the right to form political parties and to participate in them, competing democratically for the formation of the will of the people and the organization of political power, under the terms of the Constitution and of the law.
2. The formation of political parties, as well as the merging and coalition thereof, shall be free, not requiring authorization, under the terms of the Constitution and of the law.
3. Political parties may not use names that, directly or indirectly, identify with any part of the national territory or any church, religion or religious confession or that could evoke the name of a person or of an institution.
4. Political parties may also not use emblems, symbols and abbreviations that may be the same as, or confused with, national or municipal symbols.
5. The formation of parties shall be prohibited for those that:
a) Have a regional or local scope or are in pursuit of programmatic goals of the same scope;
b) Intend to use subversive or violent means to achieve their purposes;
c) Have armed force or a paramilitary nature.
6. Political parties must respect the independence, national unity, territorial integrity of the country, democratic regime, multi-partisanship, rights, freedoms and fundamental guarantees of the human person.
7. Political parties shall be governed by the principles of democratic organization and expression, and with the approval of the respective programs and statutes and the periodic election of holders of posts in national organs of management, shall be held directly by their members or by an assembly representative among them.
8. Political parties may only be dismantled under force by judicial decision based on serious violation of the provisions of the Constitution or of the law.
9. The law shall regulate the formation, organization, merging, coalition and the dismantling of political parties and shall define, inter alia, the regime its funding and accountability, as well as the benefits and facilities to be granted to them by the State and other public authorities. (Art. 57) - Portuguese1. Todos os cidadãos têm o direito de constituir partidos políticos e de neles participar, concorrendo democraticamente para a formação da vontade popular e a organização do poder político, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
2. É livre, não carecendo de autorização, a criação de partidos políticos, bem como a sua fusão e coligação, nos termos da Constituição e da lei.
3. Os partidos políticos não podem adoptar denominações que, directa ou indirectamente, se identifiquem com qualquer parcela do território nacional ou com igreja, religião ou confissão religiosa ou que possam evocar nome de pessoa ou de instituição.
4. Os partidos políticos não podem, ainda, adoptar emblemas, símbolos e siglas que sejam iguais ou confundíveis com os símbolos nacionais ou municipais.
5. É proibida a constituição de partidos que:
a) Tenham âmbito regional ou local ou se proponham objectivos programáticos do mesmo âmbito;
b) Se proponham utilizar meios subversivos ou violentos na prossecução dos seus fins;
c) Tenham força armada ou natureza para-militar.
6. Os partidos políticos devem respeitar a independência, a unidade nacional, a integridade territorial do país, o regime democrático, o pluri-partidarismo, os direitos, as liberdades e as garantias fundamentais da pessoa humana.
7. Os partidos políticos regem-se por princípios de organização e expressão democráticas, devendo a aprovação dos respectivos programas e estatutos e a eleição periódica dos titulares dos órgãos nacionais de direcção serem feitas directamente pelos seus filiados ou por uma assembleia representativa deles.
8. Os partidos políticos só podem ser compulsivamente extintos por decisão judicial fundamentada em violação grave do disposto na Constituição ou na lei.
9. A lei regula a constituição, a organização, a fusão, a coligação e a extinção dos partidos políticos e define, designadamente, o regime do seu financiamento e prestação de contas, bem como os benefícios e facilidades a conceder-lhes pelo Estado e demais poderes públicos. (Art. 57)
Political Parties
- English
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The law determines the fundamental principles:
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- of the regime of the political parties and of the status of the political opposition;
… (Art. 101) - French
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La loi détermine les principes fondamentaux :
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- du régime des partis politiques et du statut de l’opposition politique ;
… (Art. 101)
Political Parties
- English
Any person has the right to freely constitute associations, under reserve of conforming themselves to the law.
This same right is recognized for the creation of political parties. The conditions of their creation are determined by a law on political parties and their financing.
The associations and the political parties that jeopardize the unity of the Nation and the republican principles, and that advocate totalitarianism or segregation of ethnic, tribal or religious character, are prohibited.
The parties and political organizations participate in the expression of the suffrage.
… (Art. 14) - French
Toute personne a le droit de constituer librement des associations sous réserve de se conformer à la loi.
Ce même droit est reconnu pour la création de partis politiques. Les conditions de leur création sont déterminées par une loi sur les partis politiques et leur financement.
Sont interdits les associations et les partis politiques qui mettent en cause l’unité de la Nation et les principes républicains, et qui prônent le totalitarisme ou le ségrégationnisme à caractère ethnique, tribal ou confessionnel.
Les partis et organisations politiques concourent à l’expression du suffrage.
… (Art. 14)
Political Parties
- English
(1) Political organisations must always reflect the unity of Rwandans as well as equality and complementarity of women and men in the recruitment of members, in establishing their leadership organs, and in their functioning and activities.
(2) Political organisations must abide by the Constitution and other laws. They must conform to democratic principles and not compromise national unity, territorial integrity and national security. (Art. 56) - Kinyarwanda
(1) Imitwe ya politiki igomba buri gihe kugaragaramo ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda hamwe n’uburinganire n’ubwuzuzanye bw’abagore n’abagabo haba mu gushaka abayoboke, gushyiraho inzego z’ubuyobozi, mu mikorere no mu bikorwa byayo.
(2) Imitwe ya politiki igomba kubahiriza Itegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko. Igomba gukurikiza amahame ya demokarasi, kandi ntihungabanye ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ubusugire n’umutekano by’Igihugu. (Ingingo ya 56) - French
(1) Les formations politiques doivent toujours refléter l’unité nationale ainsi que l’égalité et la complémentarité entre les femmes et les hommes dans le recrutement des membres, dans la mise en place des organes dirigeants, et dans leur fonctionnement et leurs activités.
(2) Les formations politiques doivent respecter la Constitution et les autres lois. Elles doivent se conformer aux principes démocratiques et éviter de porter atteinte à l’unité nationale, à l’intégrité du territoire et à la sécurité nationale. (Art. 56)
Political Parties
- EnglishThe Democratic People’s Republic of Korea shall conduct all activities under the leadership of the Workers’ Party of Korea. (Art. 11)
- Korean조선민주주의인민공화국은 조선로동당의 령도밑에 모든 활동을 진행한다. (제11조)