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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- EnglishA person elected as President shall have the following qualifications:
(a) be a Maldivian citizen born to parents who are Maldivian citizens, and who is not also a citizen of a foreign country;
(b) be a Muslim and a follower of a Sunni school of Islam;
(c) be at least thirty-five years of age;
(d) be of sound mind;
(e) not have an undischarged decreed debt;
(f) not have been convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to a term of more than twelve months, unless a period of three years has elapsed since his release, or pardon for the offence for which he was sentenced; and
(g) despite the provisions of article (f), not have been convicted of an offence for which a hadd is prescribed in Islam or of fraud, deception or criminal breach of trust. (Art. 109) - Dhivehiރައީސުލްޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާކަމުގެ މަޤާމަށް އިންތިހާބްކުރެވޭ މީހެއްގައި އަންނަނިވި ޝަރުތުތައް ފުރިހަމަވާންވާނެއެވެ.
(ހ) ދިވެހި މަންމައަކާއި ދިވެހި ބައްޕައަކަށް އުފަން ދިވެހި ރައްޔިތަކު ކަމުގައިވުން އަދި ބޭރުޤައުމެއްގެ ރައްޔިތަކު ކަމުގައި ނުވުން.
(ށ) މުސްލިމަކު ކަމުގައިވުމާއި، ސުންނަތް ޖަމާއަތުގެ މީހަކު ކަމުގައިވުން.
(ނ) އުމުރުން ތިރީސްފަސް އަހަރުވެފައިވާ މީހަކުކަމުގައިވުން.
(ރ) ބުއްދި ހަމައަށްހުރި މީހަކު ކަމުގައިވުން.
(ބ) އަދާކުރާންޖެހޭ ސާބިތު ދަރަންޏެއް އޮތް މީހަކު ނަމަ، އެ ދަރަނި ހަލާސްނުކޮށް ހުރި މީހަކު ކަމުގައި ނުވުން.
(ޅ) ޖިނާއީ ކުށެއް ކުރިކަން ސާބިތުވެގެން ބާރަ މަސްދުވަހަށްވުރެ ދިގުމުއްދަތެއްގެ ހުކުމެއް ކުރެވިފައިވާ މީހަކު ނަމަ، އެ ހުކުމް ތަންފީޛުކޮށް ނިމުނުތާ ނުވަތަ އެ ހުކުމް ކަނޑައެޅުނު އަދަބު މަޢާފްކުރެވުނުތާ ތިންއަހަރު ވެފައިވާ މީހަކު ކަމިގައިވުން.
(ކ) މި މާއްދާގެ (ޅ) ގައި އެހެން އޮތްމަކުގައިވީ ނަމަވެސް އެ މީހަކީ އިސްލާމްދީނުގައި ހައްދު ކަނޑައެޅިފައިވާ ކުށެއް ނުވަތަ މަކަރާ ހީލަތް، ޓެކުން، ހިޔާނާތުގެ ކުށެއް ކުރިކަން ޝަރީއަތަށް ސާބިތުވެފައިވާ މީހެއްކަމުގައި ނުވުން.(ޤާނޫނުއަސާސީގެ 109 ވަނަ މާއްދާ)
Head of State
- English
(1) The function of Head of the State is hereditary in the direct descendants of His Royal Highness Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau, by order of primogeniture and by representation. Only children born of a marriage have the right to succeed.
... (Art. 56)
Head of State
- EnglishA prince or princess of the Swedish Royal House may not become the sovereign ruler of a foreign state whether by election, succession, or marriage without the consent of The King and the Riksdag. Should this occur, neither he nor she nor their descendants shall be entitled to succeed to the throne of Sweden. (Act of Succession, Art. 8)
- SwedishPrins och prinsessa av kungl. svenska huset må ej, utan Konungens och riksdagens samtycke, bliva regent i utländsk stat, vare sig genom val, arv eller gifte. Sker annorlunda, vare han eller hon samt efterkommande ej berättigade att succedera till svenska tronen. (Successionsordning (1810:0926) §8)
Head of State
- EnglishQualifications of the President and Vice-Presidents are as follows :
(a) shall be loyal to the Union and its citizens;
(b) shall be a citizen of Myanmar who was born of both parents who were born in the territory under the jurisdiction of the Union and being Myanmar Nationals;
(c) shall be an elected person who has attained at least the age of 45;
(d) shall be well acquainted with the affairs of the Union such as political, administrative, economic and military;
(e) shall be a person who has resided continuously in the Union for at least 20 years up to the time of his election as President;
Proviso: An official period of stay in a foreign country with the permission of the Union shall be counted as a residing period in the Union;
(f) shall he himself, one of the parents, the spouse, one of the legitimate children or their spouses not owe allegiance to a foreign power, not be subject of a foreign power or citizen of a foreign country. They shall not be persons entitled to enjoy the rights and privileges of a subject of a foreign government or citizen of a foreign country;
(g) shall possess prescribed qualifications of the President, in addition to qualifications prescribed to stand for election to the Hluttaw. (Sec. 59) - Burmeseနိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတ နှင့် ဒုတိယသမ္မတများ၏ အရည်အချင်းများမှာ အောက်ပါအတိုင်း ဖြစ်သည် -
(က) နိုင်ငံတော်နှင့် နိုင်ငံသားများအပေါ် သစ္စာရှိသူဖြစ်ရမည်၊
(ခ) မိမိနှင့် မိမိ၏မိဘနှစ်ပါးလုံး နိုင်ငံတော်၏အာဏာ ပိုင်နက်အတွင်း၌ မွေးဖွားသော တိုင်းရင်းသားမှ ဖြစ်သည့် မြန်မာနိုင်ငံသား ဖြစ်ရမည်၊
(ဂ) ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ခြင်းခံရသူသည် အနည်းဆုံး အသက်(၄၅) နှစ်ပြည့်ပြီးသူ ဖြစ်ရမည်၊
(ဃ) နိုင်ငံတော်အရေးအရာများဖြစ်သော နိုင်ငံရေး၊ အုပ်ချုပ်ရေး၊ စီးပွားရေး၊ စစ်ရေး စသည့် အမြင်များရှိရမည်၊
(င) သမ္မတအဖြစ် ရွေးချယ်တင်မြှောက်ခံရသည့် အချိန်နှင့်တစ်ဆက်တည်း အနည်းဆုံး အနှစ်(၂၀) နိုင်ငံတော်တွင် အခြေချနေထိုင်ခဲ့သူဖြစ်ရမည်၊
ခြွင်းချက်။ နိုင်ငံတော်၏ခွင့်ပြုချက်ဖြင့် နိုင်ငံခြားသို့တရားဝင်သွားရောက်သည့် ကာလ များကိုလည်း နိုင်ငံတော်တွင် အခြေချနေထိုင်ခဲ့သည့် ကာလအဖြစ် ထည့်သွင်းရေတွက် ရမည်။
(စ) မိမိကိုယ်တိုင်သော်လည်းကောင်း၊ မိမိ၏မိဘတစ်ပါးပါးသော်လည်းကောင်း၊ မိမိ၏ ဇနီး သို့မဟုတ် ခင်ပွန်းသော်လည်းကောင်း၊ မိမိ၏တရားဝင် သားသမီးတစ်ဦးဦးသော် လည်းကောင်း၊ ထိုတရားဝင်သားသမီးတစ်ဦးဦး၏ ဇနီး သို့မဟုတ် ခင်ပွန်းသော်လည်းကောင်း၊ နိုင်ငံခြားအစိုးရ၏ ကျေးဇူးသစ္စာတော်ကို ခံယူစောင့်ရှောက်ရိုသေသူ သို့မဟုတ် နိုင်ငံ ခြားအစိုးရ၏ လက်အောက်ခံဖြစ်သူ သို့မဟုတ် တိုင်းတစ်ပါး၏ နိုင်ငံသားဖြစ်သူများ မဖြစ်စေရ၊ ထိုသူများသည် နိုင်ငံခြားအစိုးရ၏ လက်အောက်ခံဖြစ်သူသော်လည်းကောင်း၊ တိုင်းတပါး၏ နိုင်ငံသားသော်လည်းကောင်း၊ ခံစားရသောအခွင့်အရေးများ နှင့် ကျေးဇူးခံ စားခွင့်များကို ခံစားနိုင်ခွင့်ရှိသူများ မဖြစ်စေရ၊
(ဆ) လွှတ်တော်ရွေးကောက်ပွဲ၌ ရွေးကောက်ခံပိုင်ခွင့်အတွက် သတ်မှတ်ထားသည့် အရည်အချင်းများအပြင် နိုင်ငံတော်သမ္မတအတွက် သီးခြားသတ်မှတ်ထားသော အရည် အချင်းများနှင့်လည်း ပြည့်စုံရမည်။ (ပုဒ်မ-၅၉)
Head of State
- EnglishThe right and title of King George Tupou I to the Crown and the Throne of this Kingdom were confirmed by the Constitution of 1875 and it was further declared in the said Constitution that the succession to the Crown and Throne should devolve upon David Uga and then upon Wellington Gu and then upon them begotten by him in marriage and if at any time there be no heirs of Wellington Gu the Crown and Throne shall descend in accordance with the following law of succession:
It shall be lawful only for those born in marriage to succeed.
The succession shall be to the eldest male child and the heirs of his body but if he should have no children to the second male child and the heirs of his body and so on until all the male line shall be ended.
Should there be no male child the eldest female child shall succeed and the heirs of her body and if she should have no children it shall descend to the second female child and the heirs of her body until the female line is ended.
And if there shall be none of this line of David Uga lawful descendants by marriage to succeed to the Crown of Tonga it shall descend to William Tungi and his lawful heirs begotten by him in marriage and to their heirs begotten by them.
And if there should be no lawful heir the King shall appoint his heir if the House of Nobles consent to it (the representatives of the people having no voice in the matter) and he shall be publicly declared heir to the Crown during the King's life.
Should there be no heir to the Crown or successor who has been so publicly proclaimed the Prime Minister or in his absence the Cabinet ministers shall convoke the nobles of the Legislative Assembly (the representatives of the people having no voice in the matter) and when they meet the House of Nobles shall choose by ballot some one of the chiefs whom they wish to succeed as King. And he shall succeed as the first of a new dynasty and he and the heirs of his body born in marriage shall possess the Crown according to law.
And in the event of there being none to succeed according to this law the Prime Minister or in his absence the Cabinet ministers shall again convoke the nobles of the Legislative Assembly in accordance with this law and they shall choose one to succeed to the Throne as the first of a new dynasty and so on according to this law for ever. (Clause 32) - Tongan‘Oku ma‘u ‘a e Kalauni mo e Nofo‘anga Faka-Tu‘i ‘o e Pule‘anga ni ‘e he ‘Ene ‘Afio ko Kingi Siaosi Tupou I pea ‘oku fakapapau ni ‘e ma‘u ‘e ia pea mo ia na‘e tupu ‘iate ia ‘a Tevita ‘Unga pea mo ia na‘e tupu ai ‘a Uelingatoni Ngu mo kinautolu ‘e tupu ‘iate ia ko ‘ene fānau mali pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai ha hako tupu mali ‘o Uelingatoni Ngu ‘e hoko ‘o hangē ko e lao ‘o e hokohoko ni:
Pea ko ‘eni ‘a e anga ‘o e hokohoko ‘e ngofua ke kau ‘i he hokohoko ni ‘a e fanau tupu mali pe.
Pea ‘e hoko ki he tamasi‘i tangata mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai hano hako ‘e hoko ki hono ua ‘o e tamasi‘i tangata mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea fai pehē kae ‘oua kuo ‘osi ‘a e fānau tangata.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha tamasi‘i tangata ‘e hoko ki he ‘uluaki tamasi‘i fefine mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea ka hala ia ‘o ‘ikai hano hako ‘e hoko ki hono ua ‘o e tamasi‘i fefine mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘o hono sino pea fai pehē pe kae ‘oua kuo ‘osi ‘a e fānau fefine.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha taha ‘iate kinautolu ‘o Tevita ‘Unga ko e fanau mali hoko totonu ke hoko ki he Kalauni ‘o e Tu‘i ‘o Tonga ‘e hoko kia Uiliami Tungi pe ko hono ngaahi ‘ea totonu ‘a ia ‘oku tupu ‘i hono sino ko e fānau mali pea mo e ngaahi ‘ea ‘oku tupu ‘iate kinautolu foki.
Pea ka ‘ikai ha ‘ea totonu ‘e fakanofo ‘e he Tu‘i ‘a hono ‘ea kapau ‘oku loto ki ai ‘a e Hou‘eiki Nopele (ka ‘oku ‘ikai kau ai ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e kakai) pea ‘e fakahāhā ko e ‘ea ia ki he Kalauni ‘i he kei lakoifie ‘a e Tu‘i.
Pea ka faifai pea ‘ikai ha ‘ea mo e hoko totonu ki he Kalauni ha taha kuo fakahāhā‘o hangē ko e tu‘utu‘uni ni ‘e fakataha leva ‘e he Palemia pea ka mama‘o ia ‘e ‘i he Kapineti (ko e kau Minisita) ‘a e Hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea (pea ‘e ‘ikai kau ai ‘a e kau fakafofonga ‘o e kakai) pea ka fakataha ‘e fili ‘e he hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea ‘aki ‘a e paloti ha taha ‘o e Hou‘eiki ‘a ia ‘oku nau loto ki ai ke hoko ko e Tu‘i pea ‘e hoko ia ko e kamata‘anga ‘o e Ha‘a Tu‘i fo‘ou pea ‘e ma’u ‘e hono ngaahi ‘ea ‘oku tupu ‘iate ia ‘i hono sino ko e fānau mali ‘a e Kalauni ‘o hangē ko e lao ni
Pea ka faifai pea ‘ikai ha hoko ‘iate kinautolu ‘o hangē ko e lao ni ‘e toe fakataha ‘e he Palemia pea ka mama‘o ia ‘e ‘i he Kapineti mo e Hou‘eiki Nopele ‘o e Fale Alea ‘o hangē ko e tu‘utu‘uni ni pea te nau toe fili ha taha ke hoko ki he Kalauni ko e kamata‘anga ‘o e Ha‘a Tu‘i fo‘ou pea ‘e fai pehē ai pe ‘o hangē ko e lao ni ‘o lauikuonga. (Kupu 32)
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is the Head of State. (Art. 69)
- Amharicኘሬዚዳንቱ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ርዕሰ ብሔር ነው፡፡ (አንቀጽ 69)
Head of State
- English
The President of the Republic is elected for a mandate of five years in the course of the last three months of the presidential mandate by universal, free, direct and secret suffrage, by an absolute majority of the votes cast.
… (Art. 90) - Arabic
يُنتخب رئيس الجمهوريّة لمدّة خمسة أعوام انتخابا عامّا حرّا مباشرا سرّيا خلال الأشهر الثّلاثة الأخيرة من المدّة الرّئاسيّة وبالأغلبيّة المطلقة للأصوات المصرّح بها.
... (الفصل 90) - French
Le Président de la République est élu pour un mandat de cinq ans au cours des trois derniers mois du mandat présidentiel au suffrage universel, libre, direct et secret, à la majorité absolue des voix exprimées.
... (Art. 90)
Head of State
- English
A citizen of the Republic of Uzbekistan not younger than thirty five years, being in full command of the state language and permanently residing on the territory of Uzbekistan for at least 10 years, immediately preceding the elections, may be elected the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. One and the same person may not be the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for more than two consecutive terms.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall be elected by citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of the universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for the term of seven years. The procedure for electing the President shall be defined by law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (Art. 106) - Uzbek
O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti lavozimiga o‘ttiz besh yoshdan kichik bo‘lmagan, davlat tilini yaxshi biladigan, bevosita saylovgacha kamida 10 yil O‘zbekiston hududida muqim yashayotgan O‘zbekiston Respublikasi fuqarosi saylanishi mumkin. Ayni bir shaxs surunkasiga ikki muddatdan ortiq O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti bo‘lishi mumkin emas.
O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti O‘zbekiston Respublikasining fuqarolari tomonidan umumiy, teng va to‘g‘ridan to‘g‘ri saylov huquqi asosida yashirin ovoz berish yo‘li bilan yetti yil muddatga saylanadi. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining Prezidentini saylash tartibi qonun bilan belgilanadi. (106-modda)
Head of State
- EnglishThe government and the administration of the State correspond to the President of the Republic, who is the Head of State.
… (Art. 24) - SpanishEl gobierno y la administración del Estado corresponden al Presidente de la República, quien es el Jefe del Estado.
… (Art. 24)
Head of State
- English
(1) The Governor-General shall be appointed, and may be removed from office at any time, by the Sovereign, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister given after the Prime Minister has, in confidence, consulted the members of Parliament.
(2) A person is not qualified to be appointed Governor-General unless-
(a) he has attained the age of 50 years; and
(b) he is otherwise qualified to be elected as a member of Parliament.
… (Sec. 56)