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The Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database is a repository of gender equality related provisions in 194 constitutions from around the world. The Database was updated in partnership with the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) and with support from the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) and the Government of Japan. Experience its wealth and depth of information by starting your search now.
Head of State
- EnglishThe President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is the Head of State. (Art. 69)
- Amharicኘሬዚዳንቱ የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዴሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ ርዕሰ ብሔር ነው፡፡ (አንቀጽ 69)
Head of State
- EnglishThe succession to the Throne, opened by death or abdication, takes place by the direct and legitimate issue of the reigning prince, by order of primogeniture with priority given to males within the same degree of kinship.
In the absence of direct legitimate issue, the succession passes to the brothers and sisters of the reigning prince and their direct legitimate descendants, by order of primogeniture with priority given to males within the same degree of kinship.
If the heir, who would have acceded by virtue of the preceding paragraphs, is deceased or renounced the Throne before the succession became open, the succession passes to His own direct legitimate descendants, by order of primogeniture with priority given to males within the same degree of kinship.
If the application of the preceding paragraphs does not fill the vacancy of the Throne, the succession passes to a collateral heir appointed by the Crown Council upon same advice of the Regency Council. The powers of the prince are temporarily held by the Regency Council.
The Throne can only pass to a person holding Monegasque citizenship on the day the succession opens.
The procedures of application of this article are set, as needed, by the House Laws of the Sovereign Family, promulgated by Sovereign ordinance. (Art. 10) - FrenchLa succession au Trône, ouverte par suite de décès ou d'abdication, s'opère dans la descendance directe et légitime du Prince régnant, par ordre de primogéniture avec priorité masculine au même degré de parenté.
A défaut de descendance directe et légitime, la succession s'opère au profit des frères et soeurs du Prince régnant et de leurs descendants directs et légitimes, par ordre de primogéniture avec priorité masculine au même degré de parenté.
Si l'héritier qui aurait été appelé à monter sur le Trône en vertu des alinéas précédents est décédé ou a renoncé avant l'ouverture de la succession, la dévolution s'opère au profit de ses propres descendants directs et légitimes, selon l'ordre de primogéniture avec priorité masculine au même degré de parenté.
Si l'application des paragraphes ci-dessus ne permet pas de pourvoir à la vacance du Trône, la succession s'opère au profit d'un collatéral désigné par le Conseil de la Couronne sur avis conforme du Conseil de régence. Les pouvoirs princiers sont provisoirement exercés par le Conseil de régence.
La succession au Trône ne peut s'opérer qu'au profit d'une personne ayant la nationalité monégasque au jour de l'ouverture de la succession.
Les modalités d'application du présent article sont fixées, en tant que de besoin, par les statuts de la Famille Souveraine, pris par Ordonnance Souveraine. (Art. 10)
Head of State
- English
The provisions of this Constitution referring to the Sovereign extend, in accordance with section 13 (references to the Sovereign of Tuvalu) of Schedule 1, to the Heirs and Successors of the Sovereign according to law. (Sec. 50)
Head of State
- English
On the death of the King, the title to the Throne shall pass by hereditary succession to the King’s legitimate descendants in order of seniority, the same rule governing succession by the issue of descendants who predecease the King. If the King has no descendants, the title to the Throne shall pass in the same way to the legitimate descendants of the King’s parent and then of his grandparent who are in the line of succession but are not further removed from the deceased King than the third degree of consanguinity. (Art. 25)
- Dutch
Het koningschap gaat bij overlijden van de Koning krachtens erfopvolging over op zijn wettige nakomelingen, waarbij het oudste kind voorrang heeft, met plaatsvervulling volgens dezelfde regel. Bij gebreke van eigen nakomelingen gaat het koningschap op gelijke wijze over op de wettige nakomelingen eerst van zijn ouder, dan van zijn grootouder, in de lijn van erfopvolging, voor zover de overleden Koning niet verder bestaand dan in de derde graad van bloedverwantschap. (Art. 25)
Head of State
- EnglishNo one may be a candidate for the functions of President of the Republic if:
• he is not of Congolese nationality of origin;
• he does not enjoy his civil and political rights;
• he is not of [a] good morality;
• he does not attest to a professional experience of eight (8) years at least;
• he is not aged thirty (30) years;
• if he does not enjoy a state of physical and mental well-being duly declared by a college of three sworn doctors, designated by the Constitutional Court. (Art. 66) - FrenchNul ne peut être candidat aux fonctions de Président de la République s’il:
- n’est de nationalité congolaise d’origine;
- ne jouit de ses droits civils et politiques;
- n’est de bonne moralité;
- n’atteste d’une expérience professionnelle de huit (8) ans au moins;
- n’est âgé de trente (30) ans révolus;
- ne jouit d’un état de bien-être physique et mental dûment constaté par un collège de trois médecins assermentés désignés par la Cour constitutionnelle. (Art. 66)
Head of State
- English(1) A person shall not be entitled to be elected to hold the office of President of the United Republic save only if -
(a) he is a citizen of the United Republic by birth in accordance with the citizenship law;
(b) he has attained the age of forty years;
(c) he is a member of, and a candidate nominated by, a political party;
(d) he is qualified to be a Member of Parliament or a Member of the House of Representatives; and
(e) within the period of five years before the General Elections, he has not been convicted by any court for any offence relating to evasion to pay any tax due to the Government.
(2) Without prejudice to any person’s right and freedom of expression to hold his own views, to profess a religious faith of his choice, to associate with others and to participate with others in community work in accordance with the laws of the land, no person shall be qualified to be elected to hold the office of President of the United Republic unless he is a member of, and a candidate proposed by, a political party. (Art. 39)
Head of State
- English
The Executive Power is exercised by the President of the Republic, assisted by the Ministers of State. (Art. 76)
- Portuguese
O Poder Executivo é exercido pelo Presidente da República, auxiliado pelos Ministros de Estado. (Art. 76)
Head of State
- EnglishThe Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet. (Art. 2)
- Japanese皇位は、世襲のものであつて、国会の議決した皇室典範の定めるところにより、これを継承する。(第2条)
Head of State
- English1. The President of the Republic is the Head of State, symbol of unity, guarantor of national independence and the Constitution and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.
… (Art. 62) - Portuguese1 - O Presidente da República é o Chefe do Estado, símbolo da unidade, garante da independência nacional e da Constituição e Comandante Supremo das Forças Armadas.
… (Art. 62)
Head of State
- EnglishNo person may be elected President unless he is a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election. (Art. VII, Sec. 2)
- FilipinoHindi maaaring mahalal na Pangulo ang sino mang tao matangi kung siya ay isang katutubong inianak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas, isang reshistradong botante, nakababasa at nakasusulat, apatnapung taon man lamang ang gulang sa araw ng halalan, at isang residente ng Pilipinas sa loob ng sampung taon man lamang kagyat bago ang gayong halalan. (Art. VII, Seksyon 2)